Resumo Utilizando a Teoria da Autodeterminação, as relações entre motivação (autônoma e controlada), autoeficácia acadêmica, ansiedade de teste, satisfação com a vida e desempenho acadêmico foram estudadas em um grupo de alunos pré-universitários de Lima-Peru. Foram avaliados 252 alunos de ambos os sexos com idade entre 16 e 30 anos (Média = 17,69). A análise correlacional mostrou as associações esperadas entre as variáveis, e a análise da trajetória mostrou conformidade com as hipóteses propostas, uma vez que a autoeficácia acadêmica mediou a relação entre motivação autónoma, desempenho acadêmico e satisfação com a vida e, por sua vez, a ansiedade de teste mediou a relação entre motivação controlada e desempenho acadêmico e satisfação com a vida. São discutidas as implicações dos resultados empíricos na perspectiva da educação pré-universitária no Peru.

Abstract Using Self-Determination Theory, the relationship between motivation (autonomous and controlled), academic self-efficacy, test anxiety, life satisfaction and academic achievement was studied in a group of pre-university students from Lima-Peru. A total of 252 students of both sexes with ages between 16 and 30 years (Mage = 17.69) were assessed. Correlational analyses showed the expected relationships among the studied variables. The path analysis performed gave evidence of the fulfillment of the hypotheses proposed for this study since academic self-efficacy mediated the relationship between autonomous motivation and academic achievement and life satisfaction; also test anxiety mediated the relationship between controlled motivation and academic achievement and life satisfaction. The implications of these empirical findings are discussed in relation to pre-university education in Peru.

Abstract The aim of this research was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Behaviors Questionnaire in Sport adapted to Peru. Based on Self-Determination Theory, this questionnaire assess the perception of interpersonal behaviors that support or thwart the basic psychological needs of athletes (autonomy, competence, relatedness) by their coaches.228 university athletes (M age = 21.24; SD = 2.39) of both sexes participated in the study. The results of the confirmatory factor analyzes showed that a six-factor model obtained good fit index and adequate reliability. Correlational analyzes with variables: life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs, and burnout showed satisfactory evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Thus, it was concluded that the IBQD could be used in the university sports Peruvian context to assess the perception of interpersonal behaviors displayed by its trainers.

Resumen Se investigaron las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Comportamientos Interpersonales en el Deporte (IBQD) adaptado al Perú. Basado en la Teoría de la Autodeterminación, este cuestionario evalúa la percepción de los comportamientos interpersonales de apoyo u obstaculización de las necesidades psicológicas básicas de los(las) deportistas (autonomía, competencia, relación) por parte de sus entrenadores(as). Participaron en el estudio 228 deportistas universitarios (M edad = 21.24; DE = 2.39) de ambos sexos. Los resultados de los análisis factoriales confirmatorios mostraron que un modelo de seis factores obtuvo buenos índices de ajuste y una adecuada confiabilidad. Los análisis correlacionales con las variables: satisfacción con la vida, afecto positivo y negativo, satisfacción y frustración de necesidades psicológicas básicas, y burnout mostraron evidencias de validez convergente y discriminante satisfactorias. Así, se concluyó que el IBQD puede ser utilizado en el contexto deportivo universitario peruano para evaluar la percepción de los comportamientos interpersonales que muestran sus entrenadores(as).

Resumo Foram investigadas as propriedades psicométricas do Questionário de Comportamentos Interpessoais no Esporte adaptado ao Peru. Com base na Teoria da Autodeterminação, este questionário avalia a percepção de comportamentos interpessoais que apoiam ou obstaculizam as necessidades psicológicas básicas dos atletas (autonomia, competência, relacionamento) por seus treinadores. Participaram do estudo 228 atletas universitários (M idade = 21,24; DP = 2,39) de ambos os sexos. Os resultados das análises fatoriais confirmatórias mostraram que um modelo de seis fatores obteve bons índices de ajuste e uma confiabilidade adequada. Análises correlacionais com variáveis: satisfação com a vida, afeto positivo e negativo, satisfação e frustração das necessidades psicológicas básicas e burnout mostraram evidências satisfatórias de validade convergente e discriminante. Assim, concluiu-se que o IBQD pode ser utilizado no contexto esportivo universitário peruano para avaliar a percepção de comportamentos interpessoais demonstrados por seus treinadores.

Abstract: The aims of the study were to identify the motivational profiles of university students and to assess their differences according to the academic satisfaction. The participants were 882 students aged 17 to 50, from nine Chilean universities. Motivational profiles were identified by cluster analysis, following the combination of hierarchical and non-hierarchical methods. The cluster analysis was perform including the following motivational variables: (1) autonomous motivation, (2) controlled motivation, (3) perception of autonomy support, and (4) perception of autonomy control. The differences between the profiles were assessed through the one way Anova test, considering the effect size calculation, and the Games-Howell post-hoc test. The cluster analysis results supported a four motivational profiles solution: poor quality (n = 167), low quantity (n = 144), good quality (n = 333), and high quantity (n = 238). Moreover, students grouped into profiles with higher levels of autonomy for learning, presented the highest levels of academic satisfaction. In conclusion, the importance of motivational factors to facilitate the development of university students' well-being is highlighted.

Resumen: Los objetivos del estudio fueron identificar los perfiles motivacionales de estudiantes universitarios y evaluar sus diferencias en cuanto a la satisfacción académica. Los participantes fueron 882 estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y 50 años, procedentes de nueve universidades chilenas. Los perfiles motivacionales se identificaron mediante análisis de conglomerados, siguiendo la combinación de métodos jerárquicos y no jerárquicos. El análisis de conglomerados se realizó incluyendo las siguientes variables motivacionales: (1) motivación autónoma, (2) motivación controlada, (3) percepción de apoyo a la autonomía, y (4) percepción de control de la autonomía. Las diferencias entre los perfiles se evaluaron a través de la prueba Anova unifactorial, considerando el cálculo del tamaño del efecto y el análisis post-hoc de Games-Howell. Los resultados del análisis de conglomerados apoyaron una solución de cuatro perfiles motivacionales: mala calidad (n = 167), baja cantidad (n = 144), buena calidad (n = 333), y alta cantidad (n = 238). Además, los estudiantes agrupados en los perfiles con mayores niveles de autonomía para el aprendizaje, presentaron los niveles más altos de satisfacción académica. Como conclusión, se destaca la importancia que tienen los factores motivacionales para facilitar el desarrollo del bienestar de los estudiantes universitarios.

This research work aims to analyze the psychometric properties of the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) -autonomy, competence and relatedness- identified by the self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000b), in a sample of 297 university students from different faculties and programs belonging to a Chilean university. To achieve the objective, through a psychometric study by confirmatory procedures, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed, analyzing the six-factor proposal developed by Chen et al. (2015), and the internal consistency of the scale was evaluated using the ordinal Alpha. The outcomes obtained from the sample of university students indicate a good internal consistency, Alpha = 0.90 and 0.86 for psychological needs satisfaction and frustration. Besides, the outcomes of the confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit of the model (χ²/gl = 1.75; CFI = 0.92; IFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.90; RMSEA = .05 and SRMR =.05) to the data, showing evidences of the validity of the six-factor structure proposed. According to the foregoing, it is considered that the scale to measure satisfaction and frustration of the three basic psychological needs can be used initially in university students in the higher education of Chile, thus, allowing the relationship with other variables of interest to generate explanatory models that allow going in depth the understanding of aspects that are of institutional interest.

La presente investigación tiene como propósito analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción y Frustración de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas de Autonomía, Competencia y Relación (ESFNPB) identificadas por la teoría de la autodeterminación (Deci & Ryan, 2000b), en una muestra de 297 estudiantes universitarios de distintas facultades y carreras pertenecientes a una universidad Chilena. Para lograr el objetivo, mediante un estudio psicométrico por procedimientos confirmatorios, se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), analizando la propuesta de seis factores realizada por Chen et al. (2015) y se evaluó la consistencia interna de la escala mediante el Alfa ordinal. Los resultados obtenidos con la muestra de estudiantes universitarios indican una buena consistencia interna, alfa = 0.90 y 0.86 para satisfacción y frustración de las necesidades psicológicas, así mismo los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio mostraron un ajuste adecuado del modelo a los datos (χ²/gl = 1.75; CFI = 0.92; IFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.90; RMSEA = .05 y SRMR =.05), brindando evidencias de validez de la estructura de seis factores. Según lo anterior se considera que la escala para medir satisfacción y frustración de las tres necesidades psicológicas básicas puede ser utilizada preliminarmente en estudiantes universitarios en el contexto de la educación superior chilena, permitiendo también la relación con otras variables de interés para generar modelos explicativos que permitan profundizar la comprensión de aspectos que son de interés institucional.