ABSTRACT Banana is a climacteric fruit with short post-harvest shelf-life, undergoing significant changes during ripening. Refrigerated storage is considered the most efficient method to preserve the quality of fruit by slowing down their metabolism. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate physical and chemical characteristics of 'BRS-Princesa' bananas stored under refrigeration, focusing on determining their post-harvest shelf-life. The fruit were stored in a cold chamber at temperature of 14±1 °C and relative air humidity of 75±1% for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. They were removed from the cold chamber after each period and kept at 25±1 °C in a climate-controlled environment (CCE) until they presented a fully yellow peel (ripening stage 6). The fruit were evaluated immediately after removal from the cold chamber and when they reached the ripening stage 6. Refrigeration affected all physical and chemical characteristics of the fruit evaluated after removal from the cold chamber. However, when the fruit were fully ripe, pulp yield, soluble solids content, and total soluble sugars presented no significant difference, indicating a similar ripening to the control group. Fruit stored for 21 and 28 days showed chilling injury. 'BRS-Princesa' bananas can be stored at 14 °C for up to 14 days, without losses in fruit appearance and quality, thus extending the time for fruit consumption by 8 days when compared to fruit stored in the CCE (25±1 °C). postharvest post harvest shelflife, shelflife shelf life, life shelf-life metabolism Thus BRSPrincesa BRS Princesa 'BRS-Princesa refrigeration shelflife. life. 141 1 14± C 751 75 75±1 0 7 2 251 25 25± climatecontrolled climate controlled (CCE 6 . 6) However ripe yield content difference group injury (25± °C. °C) 75± (25 (2 (

RESUMO A banana é um fruto climatérico de vida pós-colheita curta e que sofre mudanças acentuadas durante seu amadurecimento. O armazenamento refrigerado é considerado a forma mais eficaz de preservar a qualidade dos frutos, diminuindo seu metabolismo. Assim, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características físicoquímicas de bananas 'BRS-Princesa' armazenadas sob refrigeração, visando determinar o período de vida útil pós-colheita. Os frutos foram armazenados em câmara fria, em temperatura de 14±1 ºC e 75±1% UR por períodos de 0, 7,14, 21 ou 28 dias. Após cada período, os frutos foram retirados da câmara fria e mantidos em temperatura ambiente (25±1 ºC) até apresentarem coloração da casca completamente amarela (estádio 6 de maturação). As avaliações foram realizadas logo após a retirada dos frutos da refrigeração e quando os frutos atingiram o estádio 6. A refrigeração afetou todas as variáveis de qualidade físico-química dos frutos avaliados após a retirada da câmara fria. Porém, quando os frutos atingiram o completo amadurecimento, as variáveis rendimento da polpa, sólidos solúveis e açúcares solúveis totais não apresentaram diferença significativa, indicando um amadurecimento semelhante ao controle. Frutos armazenados por 21 e 28 dias apresentaram índices de injúrias por frio. As bananas 'BRS-Princesa' podem ser armazenadas a 14 °C por um período de até 14 dias, sem prejuízo à boa aparência e qualidade dos frutos, com incremento de 8 dias na possibilidade de consumo dos frutos, quando comparados ao controle. póscolheita pós colheita metabolismo Assim BRSPrincesa BRS Princesa 'BRS-Princesa póscolheita. colheita. 141 1 14± 751 75 75±1 0 714 7 7,14 2 25±1 251 25 (25± maturação. maturação . maturação) físicoquímica físico química Porém polpa significativa controle frio C 75± 71 7,1 25± (25 7, (2 (

Resumen Este estudio analiza la cantidad y la distribución territorial de las “escuelas de fútbol” en Belo Horizonte. El objetivo es examinar cuántos establecimientos de este tipo existen en la ciudad, dónde están ubicados y qué criterios utilizan sus propietarios para esta decisión. Para ello, se utilizaron datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, basados en información sobre la ubicación de estos establecimientos y datos censales, por un lado, y entrevistas semiestructuradas a propietarios de escuelas de fútbol de la ciudad, por otro. Nuestra interpretación general es que las escuelas de fútbol se distribuyen aleatoriamente por la ciudad debido a circunstancias que imponen una lógica de opotunismo en la toma de decisiones sobre la apertura de un establecimiento comercial de este tipo. Horizonte decisión ello cualitativos censales lado otro

Abstract The study analyzes the quantity and geographical distribution of “football schools” in Belo Horizonte. The objective is to examine how many of these establishments exist in the city, where they are located and what criteria their owners use to make this decision. For this, we used quantitative and qualitative data, based on information about the location of these establishments and census data, on the one hand, and semi-structured interviews with owners of soccer schools in the city, on the other. Our general interpretation is that football schools are distributed randomly throughout the city due to circumstances impose an opportunistic logic on decision-making. Horizonte decision data hand semistructured semi structured other decisionmaking. decisionmaking making. making decision-making

Resumo Este estudo analisa a quantidade e a distribuição territorial das escolinhas de futebol em Belo Horizonte. O objetivo é examinar quantos estabelecimentos desse tipo existem na cidade, onde estão localizados e quais critérios seus proprietários empregam para essa decisão. Para isso, utilizamos dados quantitativos e qualitativos, baseados, respectivamente, em informações sobre a localização desses estabelecimentos e dados censitários, de um lado, e entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com proprietários de escolinhas de futebol da cidade, de outro. Nossa interpretação geral é a de que escolinhas de futebol se distribuem aleatoriamente pela cidade em razão de circunstâncias que impõem uma lógica oportunista na tomada de decisão acerca da abertura de um estabelecimento comercial desse tipo. Horizonte isso qualitativos baseados respectivamente censitários lado outro

In this study, xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei) native endemic cactus from the Brazilian semiarid was used for the first time as a natural carbon source (“green precursor”) for the synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon dots (CDs). These CDs were successfully used to develop a fast, low-cost, eco-friendly fluorescence method for the determination of tannins in teas. This method was automatized employing a flow-batch system coupled to an inexpensive ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) used as an excitation source and a cheap handheld spectrometer used as a detector. CDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The proposed method presented a linear range from 2.0-30.0 mg L-1, relative standard deviation (RSD) < 3.0%, limit of detection (LOD) = 0.102 mg L-1, and recovery rates from 90.5-109.1%. A paired t-test at a 95% confidence level indicated no statistically significant difference between the proposed and reference methods, revealing that it is a useful alternative for the determination of tannins. study Pilosocereus gounellei green precursor precursor” CDs. . (CDs) fast lowcost, lowcost low cost, cost low-cost ecofriendly eco friendly teas flowbatch flow batch lightemitting light emitting UVLED UV LED (UV-LED detector TEM, TEM , (TEM) Xray X ray XRD, XRD (XRD) FTIR, FTIR (FTIR) UVVis, UVVis Vis, Vis UV-Vis 2.030.0 20300 2.0 30.0 2 0 30 2.0-30. L1, L1 L 1, 1 L-1 RSD (RSD 3 3.0% LOD (LOD 0102 102 0.10 90.5109.1%. 9051091 90.5 109.1%. 90 5 109 90.5-109.1% ttest t test 95 methods (CDs (TEM (XRD (FTIR 030 2.030. 2030 20 2. 300 30. 2.0-30 L- 3.0 010 10 0.1 5109 90.5109.1% 905109 905 90. 1091 109.1% 9 90.5-109.1 03 2.030 203 2.0-3 3. 01 0. 510 90.5109.1 90510 109.1 90.5-109. 2.03 2.0- 51 90.5109. 9051 109. 90.5-109 90.5109 90.5-10 90.510 90.5-1 90.51 90.5-

ABSTRACT: A variety of laboratory techniques are used in parasitological diagnosis. However, studies that analyze their laboratory efficiency are very scarce, especially with regard to biological samples from wild animals that are little known, with little popular attachment, such as artiodactyls. These can be infected by different parasites, including protozoa of the phylum Ciliophora, which includes the parasites Balantioides coli and Buxtonella sulcata. In this light, the aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of five coproparasitological techniques for diagnosing protozoan cysts of the phylum Ciliophora in the feces of free-living artiodactyls. To this end, 101 fecal samples were collected from trails in Pedra Selada State Park, Rio de Janeiro state, from 2020 to 2021. All the samples were analyzed using the qualitative techniques of modified Sheather floatation, modified Ritchie sedimentation and Lutz, as well as the quantitative techniques of Mini-FLOTAC and McMaster. Cyst recovery was best achieved using the modified Ritchie technique, in which 62.5% positivity was detected, followed by Lutz (47.5%), modified Sheather (37.5%) and the quantitative techniques of Mini-FLOTAC (30%) and McMaster (17.5%). In most of the comparisons between the techniques, reasonable agreement regarding the diagnosis was observed (Kappa 0.21 to 0.40), which was statistically significant (p≤0.05). McMaster showed higher mean and standard deviation values for counts of cysts per gram of feces than Mini-FLOTAC. However, there was no significant difference in the estimates for cyst counts (Wilcoxon p>0.05). Sedimentation qualitative techniques were more indicated for diagnosing cysts of protozoa of the phylum Ciliophora in the feces of free-living wild artiodactyls. These techniques can therefore be used as laboratory tools for environmental parasite monitoring. In addition, between the two quantitative techniques, Mini-FLOTAC presented better performance, thus showing its potential as a tool for estimating the abundance of cystic forms of the phylum Ciliophora in environmental samples. ABSTRACT However scarce known attachment artiodactyls sulcata light freeliving free living end 10 Park state 202 2021 floatation MiniFLOTAC Mini FLOTAC technique 625 62 5 62.5 detected 47.5%, 475 47.5% , 47 (47.5%) 37.5% 375 37 (37.5% 30% 30 (30% 17.5%. 175 17.5% . 17 (17.5%) Kappa 021 0 21 0.2 0.40, 040 0.40 40 0.40) p≤0.05. p005 p p≤0.05 05 (p≤0.05) MiniFLOTAC. FLOTAC. Wilcoxon p>0.05. p>0.05 p>0.05) monitoring addition performance 1 20 6 62. 47.5 4 (47.5% 37.5 3 (37.5 (30 17.5 (17.5% 02 2 0. 04 0.4 p00 p≤0.0 (p≤0.05 p>0.0 47. (47.5 37. (37. (3 17. (17.5 p0 p≤0. (p≤0.0 p>0. (47. (37 ( (17. p≤0 (p≤0. p>0 (47 (17 p≤ (p≤0 p> (4 (1 (p≤ (p

RESUMO: Diversas são as técnicas laboratoriais utilizadas no diagnóstico parasitológico. No entanto, estudos que analisam a eficiência laboratorial das mesmas são muito escassos, principalmente quando se trata de amostras biológicas de animais silvestres, que possuem pouca divulgação e apego popular, como os artiodáctilos. Estes podem se infectar por diferentes parasitos, incluindo os protozoários do Filo Ciliophora, no qual se inclui Balantioides coli, bem como Buxtonella sulcata. Mediante o exposto, este estudo objetivou comparar a eficiência entre cinco técnicas coproparasitológicas para o diagnóstico de cistos de protozoário do Filo Ciliophora em fezes de artiodáctilos em vida livre. Entre 2020 e 2021 foram coletadas 101 amostras fecais em trilhas do Parque Estadual da Pedra Selada localizado no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Todas as amostras foram analisadas pelas técnicas qualitativas de flutuação de Sheather modificada, sedimentação de Ritchie modificada e Lutz, bem como por meio das técnicas quantitativas de Mini-FLOTAC e McMaster. Pode-se verificar uma superioridade na recuperação dos cistos por meio da técnica de Ritchie modificada, no qual foi detectado 62,5% de positividade, seguida pelo Lutz (47,5%), Sheather modificada (37,5%) e pelas técnicas quantitativas de Mini-FLOTAC (30%) e McMaster (17,5%). Na maioria das comparações entre as técnicas foi possível verificar uma concordância razoável (Kappa 0,21 a 0,40) em relação ao diagnóstico entre as mesmas, sendo este estatisticamente significativo (p≤0,05). McMaster em comparação com o Mini-FLOTAC foi a que apresentou os maiores valores médio e de desvio padrão na contagem dos cistos por grama de fezes. No entanto, não foi evidenciado diferença significativa na estimativa de contagem dos cistos (Wilcoxon=p>0,05). Pode-se verificar que as técnicas qualitativas de sedimentação foram consideradas as mais indicadas para o diagnóstico de cistos do protozoário do Filo Ciliophora em fezes de artiodáctilos silvestres em vida livre, podendo ser utilizadas como ferramentas laboratoriais de monitoramento parasitário ambiental. Além disso, dentre as técnicas quantitativas, o Mini-FLOTAC foi a que apresentou a melhor performance, denotando o seu potencial como uma ferramenta para se estimar a abundância de formas císticas do Filo Ciliophora em amostra ambiental. RESUMO parasitológico entanto escassos popular parasitos coli sulcata exposto livre 202 10 Janeiro MiniFLOTAC Mini FLOTAC Podese Pode 625 62 5 62,5 positividade 47,5%, 475 47,5% , 47 (47,5%) 37,5% 375 37 (37,5% 30% 30 (30% 17,5%. 175 17,5% . 17 (17,5%) Kappa 021 0 21 0,2 0,40 040 40 p≤0,05. p005 p p≤0,05 05 (p≤0,05) Wilcoxon=p>0,05. Wilcoxonp005 Wilcoxonp Wilcoxon=p>0,05 Wilcoxon (Wilcoxon=p>0,05) ambiental disso performance 20 1 6 62, 47,5 4 (47,5% 37,5 3 (37,5 (30 17,5 (17,5% 02 2 0, 0,4 04 p00 p≤0,0 (p≤0,05 Wilcoxonp00 Wilcoxon=p>0,0 (Wilcoxon=p>0,05 47, (47,5 37, (37, (3 17, (17,5 p0 p≤0, (p≤0,0 Wilcoxonp0 Wilcoxon=p>0, (Wilcoxon=p>0,0 (47, (37 ( (17, p≤0 (p≤0, Wilcoxon=p>0 (Wilcoxon=p>0, (47 (17 p≤ (p≤0 Wilcoxon=p> (Wilcoxon=p>0 (4 (1 (p≤ Wilcoxon=p (Wilcoxon=p> (p (Wilcoxon=p

ABSTRACT The traditional paradigm of education, although outdated, still supports Soil Educational procedures in several Brazilian universities. However, the strategic documents of these institutions (Institutional Development Plan-IDP, Institutional Political Project-IPP and Pedagogical Projects of Courses-PPC's) support a critical vision of education, which converges with the emancipatory paradigm and with the purpose of Soil Education (SE), which is the formation and transformation of subjects for conscious actions in reality. To overcome this problem, we propose educational procedures guided by emancipatory principles for two disciplines related to the subject of soils in Higher Education (HE) in a traditional paradigm structure, with the objective of meeting the conception of education supported in the strategic documents of a Brazilian public university and achieving the purpose of SE. A bibliographical research and documental analysis of the strategic documents were carried out to form a theoretical and methodological base. In addition, emancipatory principles were considered in the elements that made up the educational procedures in SE. The proposal was analyzed and discussed based on the behavior of these principles in the structure of the disciplines. To verify how the proposal articulates with the conception of education defended by the university, the analysis started from the didactic-pedagogical aspects expressed in the IDP, IPP, PPC's and Teaching Plans of the disciplines involved in the research. We emphasize that it was possible to propose and apply educational procedures on soils with emancipatory principles within a traditional paradigm structure. Some principles were considered in essence, while others could not be considered or were only partially considered, showing that the traditional paradigm limits principles that go against its foundations. The proposal responded more to the concept of critical education defended in the strategic documents than the Soil Educational procedures with traditional principles elaborated and used by professors, since the proposal considered the student’s protagonism, the constitution of their autonomy, knowledge as relational, research as an educational principle, interculturality and procedural and continuous evaluation. On the other hand, procedures with traditional principles considered students as passive subjects, knowledge was seen as fragmented and their approach was made in an authoritarian way, disregarding students’ knowledge and the evaluation was quantitative. Furthermore, the convergence of educational intentionality between Education in Soils and education with emancipatory principles allows us to state that the emancipatory paradigm was an alternative to achieve the educational and formative purpose in educational processes on soils. outdated universities However PlanIDP, PlanIDP Plan IDP Plan-IDP ProjectIPP Project IPP CoursesPPCs Courses PPC s Courses-PPC's SE, SE , (SE) reality problem HE (HE base addition didacticpedagogical didactic pedagogical PPCs essence foundations professors student protagonism autonomy relational principle hand way quantitative Furthermore (SE

Abstract In Malignant Hilar Biliary Stricture (MHBS) palliative biliary drainage is a frequent strategy, improving the quality of life, reducing pruritus, loss of appetite and relieving cholangitis. The endoscopic approach is an effective, although challenging procedure. This study aimed to evaluate technical and clinical success rates of biliary drainage by ERCP. This is a retrospective study including all patients with MHBS referred to Instituto do Cancer do Hospital de São Paulo (ICESP) submitted to biliary drainage by ERCP, between January 2010 and December 2017. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate predictors of clinical failure, as total bilirubin levels, Bismuth classification, number of hepatic sectors drained and presence of cholangitis. In total, 82 patients presenting unresectable MHBS were included in this study. 58.5% female and 41.5% male, with a mean age of 60±13 years. Bismuth classification grades II, IIIA, IIIB and IV were noted in 23.2%, 15.9%, 14.6% and 46.3%, respectively. Technical and clinical success was achieved in 92.7% and 53.7% respectively. At multivariable logistic-regression analyses, Bismuth IV strictures were related to higher clinical failure rates when compared to other strictures levels, with an Odds Ratio of 5.8 (95% CI 1.28‒20.88). In conclusion, endoscopic biliary drainage for malignant hilar biliary stricture had a high technical success but suboptimal clinical success rate. Proximal strictures (Bismuth IV) were associated with poor drainage outcomes. (MHBS strategy life pruritus cholangitis effective procedure ERCP ICESP (ICESP 201 2017 levels 8 585 58 5 58.5 415 41 41.5 male 6013 60 13 60±1 years II IIIA 232 23 2 23.2% 159 15 9 15.9% 146 14 6 14.6 463 46 3 46.3% respectively 927 92 7 92.7 537 53 53.7 logisticregression analyses 5. 95% 95 (95 1.28‒20.88. 1282088 1.28‒20.88 . 1 28 20 88 1.28‒20.88) conclusion rate outcomes 58. 4 41. 601 60± 23.2 15.9 14. 46.3 92. 53. (9 128208 1.28‒20.8 23. 15. 46. ( 12820 1.28‒20. 1282 1.28‒20 128 1.28‒2 12 1.28‒ 1.28 1.2 1.

Objective: to identify the evidence related to the risks of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in healthcare workers and the interventions adopted. Method: systematic literature review in eight scientific databases and three gray literature repositories. Results: 26 studies identified as risk factors: scarcity, inadequate use or reuse of personal equipment; low adherence to precautionary measures; working in intensive care and COVID-19 sectors; long stay in a closed work environment; sharing eating areas without the use of masks and distance; low knowledge and unpreparedness for disease management. 12 studies identified as interventions: health surveillance programs with early detection, diagnosis and early withdrawal; organization of care flows; double triage; telemedicine; limitation of visits; creation of exclusive sectors for care to COVID-19; qualification and training with virtual tools and simulation. Conclusion: besides the risk of infection, individual, psychosocial and organizational factors made the healthcare work environment unsafe. Interventions should be adopted to mitigate the risks and decrease the professionals' morbidity and mortality.

Objetivo: identificar as evidências relacionadas aos riscos de exposição ao SARS-CoV-2 em profissionais de saúde e as intervenções adotadas. Método: revisão sistemática de literatura em oito bases de dados científicas e três repositórios de literatura cinzenta. Resultados: 26 estudos identificaram como fator de risco: escassez, uso inadequado ou reuso de equipamentos individuais; baixa adesão às medidas de precaução; atuação em terapia intensiva e setores COVID-19; longa permanência em ambiente de trabalho fechado; compartilhamento de espaços para alimentação sem uso de máscara e distanciamento; baixo conhecimento e despreparo para atendimento à doença. 12 estudos identificaram como intervenções:  programas de vigilância em saúde com detecção precoce, diagnóstico e afastamento precoce; organização de fluxos de atendimento; triagem dupla; telemedicina; limitação de visitas; criação de setores exclusivos para atendimento à COVID-19; capacitações e treinamentos com ferramentas virtuais e simulação. Conclusão: além do risco de infecção, fatores individuais, psicossociais e organizacionais tornaram o ambiente de trabalho em saúde inseguro. Intervenções devem ser adotadas para mitigar os riscos e diminuir a morbimortalidade dos profissionais.

Resumen: En este artículo analizamos la constitución de modelos de formación profesional en el Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje Industrial de Espírito Santo entre 1948 y 1992. Guiados por el materialismo histórico-dialéctico, dialogamos con la bibliografía y operamos con el análisis documental. La investigación nos permitió producir una periodización articulada a las prácticas pedagógicas de la institución, que, además de la historia institucional, señala tres subperíodos (1948-1963; 1963-1981; 1981-1992) en los que se alternan los modelos monotécnicos y multitécnicos, permitiendo, o no, la oferta articulada con la educación escolar básica, señalando la convivencia de proyectos en disputa que se desarrolla de manera compleja y no lineal. Resumen 194 1992 históricodialéctico, históricodialéctico histórico dialéctico, dialéctico histórico-dialéctico documental institución institucional 19481963 1963 (1948-1963 19631981 1981 1963-1981 19811992 1981-1992 multitécnicos permitiendo básica lineal 19 199 1948196 196 (1948-196 1963198 198 1963-198 1981199 1981-199 1 194819 (1948-19 196319 1963-19 198119 1981-19 19481 (1948-1 19631 1963-1 19811 1981-1 (1948- 1963- 1981- (1948 (194 (19 (1 (

Abstract: In this article we analyze the constitution of professional training models in the National Industrial Learning Service of Espírito Santo between 1948 and 1992. Guided by historical-dialectical materialism, we dialogue with bibliography and operate with documentary analysis. The research allowed us to produce a periodization articulated to the pedagogical practices of the institution, that, in addition to institutional history, it points out three subperiods (1948-1963; 1963-1981; 1981-1992) in which the monotechnical and multitechnical models alternate, allowing, or not, the offer articulated with basic school education, signaling the coexistence of projects in dispute that develops in a complex and non-linear way. Abstract 194 1992 historicaldialectical historical dialectical materialism analysis institution history 19481963 1963 (1948-1963 19631981 1981 1963-1981 19811992 1981-1992 alternate allowing not education nonlinear non linear way 19 199 1948196 196 (1948-196 1963198 198 1963-198 1981199 1981-199 1 194819 (1948-19 196319 1963-19 198119 1981-19 19481 (1948-1 19631 1963-1 19811 1981-1 (1948- 1963- 1981- (1948 (194 (19 (1 (

Resumo: Neste artigo, analisamos a constituição dos modelos de formação profissional no Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial do Espírito Santo entre 1948 e 1992. Orientados pelo materialismo histórico-dialético, dialogamos com a bibliografia e operamos com a análise documental. A pesquisa nos permitiu produzir uma periodização articulada às práticas pedagógicas da instituição que, para além da história institucional, aponta três subperíodos (1948-1963; 1963-1981; 1981-1992), nos quais os modelos monotécnico e multitécnico se alternam, possibilitando, ou não, a oferta articulada com a educação básica escolar e sinalizando a coexistência de projetos em disputa que se desenvolveram de modo complexo e não linear. Resumo artigo 194 1992 históricodialético, históricodialético histórico dialético, dialético histórico-dialético documental institucional 19481963 1963 (1948-1963 19631981 1981 1963-1981 19811992, 19811992 , 1981-1992) alternam possibilitando linear 19 199 1948196 196 (1948-196 1963198 198 1963-198 1981199 1981-1992 1 194819 (1948-19 196319 1963-19 198119 1981-199 19481 (1948-1 19631 1963-1 19811 1981-19 (1948- 1963- 1981-1 (1948 1981- (194 (19 (1 (

Resumo Depreendendo de uma abordagem construtivista, este artigo se baseia nas relações entre o Brasil e o mundo afro-asiático a partir dos escritos do diplomata Bezerra de Menezes, que defendeu um maior compromisso da política externa brasileira com o Sul Global. O autor agiu tanto como um empreendedor de normas (norm entrepreneur)que problematizava o pertencimento brasileiro ao Ocidente, quanto como um historiador prático-intuitivo (practical-intuitive historian) que usava o passado para mostrar que os laços que uniam o Brasil à Ásia e à África eram mais estreitos do que aqueles que o uniam à Europa.

Abstract Drawing from constructivist scholarship, this article dwells on the relations between Brazil and the Afro-Asian world based on the writings of diplomat Adolpho Justo Bezerra de Menezes, who advocated a larger commitment of the Brazilian foreign policy to the Global South. The author acted both as a norm entrepreneur who problematized Brazilian belonging to the West and a practical-intuitive historian who used the past to show that the ties uniting Brazil to Asia and Africa were tighter than those uniting it to Europe.

ABSTRACT Soil Education aims to give individuals a transforming formative process for conscious actions related to the soil in their life experiences in and with the world. As such, the educational methodologies addressing soil-related contents should be in dialogue with the purpose of this educational process. On the perspective of education for social transformation, it is recommended that professors of Higher Education avoid from pedagogical actions with traditional approaches, and start using other strategies and methodologies centered on students and their context. With the challenge of addressing the implementation of emancipatory principles in educational procedures within the disciplinary structure of a traditional paradigm of education and achieving the aim of Soil Education, we put forward the Alternative Methodology of Problem Cases (AMPC), which was shaped up from two methodologies with constructivist principles, P roblem-Based Learning (PBL) and Team-Based Learning (TBL). This methodology is divided into three phases (preparation, application, and reflection), which are in turn divided into seven steps that complement each other (recovery of socio-historical knowing and knowledge; study of the themes; problem case resolution; team guidance; individual activity report; and individual and collective feedback). In addition, the steps contain individual and team assignments, which revolve around the resolution of problem cases related to the future profession. The AMPC is different from PBL and TBL as the former is grounded on emancipatory principles that facilitate the development of educational processes that value the socio-historical knowing and knowledge of individuals and enable the development of students’ autonomy, creativity, critical thinking, and awareness for actions in real life. The challenges through which individuals can develop relational, complex, and critical thinking, apply them to professional life situations, confront and reframe their knowledge and knowing, as well as create solutions and plan future scenarios with the practice of solving problem cases about soils consist in the capacity of AMPC to be efficient to soil learning.

Neste trabalho descrevemos e analisamos o processo de transição dos pressupostos teóricos para descrição e fundamentação do efeito Faraday, ocorrido na segunda metade do século XIX. A partir dos artigos científicos originais, publicados nos periódicos da época, procuramos caracterizar como tais esforços buscaram inspiração inicial na lei de Biot da atividade óptica natural e na teoria da birrefringência circular de Fresnel. Daí surgiram as tentativas de descrição elastodinâmica do fenômeno. Os continuadores da obra eletromagnética de Maxwell, por sua vez, promoveram a transição para a fundamentação eletromagnética do mesmo e, conforme indicamos, tal abordagem somente se tornou viável com a hipótese iônica da matéria e a descoberta do elétron, no encerramento do século.

In this work we describe and analyze the process of transition of the theoretical assumptions for the description and foundation of the Faraday effect, which took place in the second half of the 19th century. From the original scientific articles, published in the journals of the time, we tried to characterize how such efforts sought initial inspiration from Biot’s law of natural optical activity and from Fresnel’s theory of circular birefringence. Hence, the attempts at elastodynamic description of the phenomenon emerged. The followers of Maxwell’s electromagnetic work, in turn, promoted the transition to its electromagnetic foundation and, as we have indicated, such an approach only became viable with the ionic hypothesis of matter and the discovery of the electron, at the end of the century.

Resumo Nos últimos anos, o turismo vem sendo interpretado, pelas narrativas oficiais da gestão pública brasileira, como uma via possível para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico e para a inclusão social. Desta forma, muitas experiências vem ocorrendo no mundo com este objetivo, dentre as quais, aquelas relacionadas ao denominado turismo de base comunitária ou TBC, que, em tese, busca o desenvolvimento das localidades turísticas, a partir de premissas centrais de conservação dos recursos naturais, valorização da cultura e protagonismo local. Sob essa inspiração, este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a maneira pela qual as premissas conceituais relativas ao TBC vêm sendo expressas nas narrativas de políticas públicas de turismo, no caso brasileiro, buscando contribuir para a construção de uma linha de base para orientar um debate qualificado sobre o tema, em um cenário pós-pandemia da Covid-19. Para tal, a metodologia adotada partiu de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, considerando, como universo de análise, as políticas públicas de turismo, no período entre 2003 e 2018. A análise realizada sugere que, apesar de algumas das premissas teóricas que orientam o TBC estarem expressas nos documentos mais recentes, de maneira geral interpretado, predominantemente, pela lógica do mercado nas narrativas de políticas públicas, em contradição com a base teórica, que tem orientado o debate sobre o tema. Assim, considerando essa tendência e, em um cenário de incertezas pós-pandemia da Covid-19, parece evidente o risco de instrumentalização dessa prática nas narrativas oficiais, para atender aos interesses do mercado, por meio do falso discurso de combate às desigualdades sociais.

Abstract For the past few years, tourism has been interpreted by official narratives of public policies in Brazil, as a possible route for socioeconomic development and for social inclusion. Thus, many experiments took place in the world for this purpose and, among them, the community based tourism or CBT, which in theory, seeks the development of tourist locations, based on central premises for the conservation of natural resources, valuing culture and local protagonism. Under this inspiration, this article aims to analyze the way in which the conceptual premises related to CBT has been expressed in the narratives of public tourism policies, in the Brazilian case, seeking to contribute to the construction of a baseline to guide a qualified debate on the topic, in a post-pandemic scenario of Covid-19.Therefore, the methodology adopted was based on bibliographic and documentary research, considering public tourism policies in the period between 2003 and 2018 as the universe of analysis. The analysis suggests that, despite some of the theoretical premises that guide CBT being expressed in the most recent documents, in general, this has been interpreted, predominantly, by the logic of the market in the narratives of public policies, in contradiction with the theoretical basis, which has guided the debate on the theme. Thus, considering this trend in a scenario of post-pandemic uncertainties in Covid-19, the risk of instrumentalising this practice in official narratives seems to be evident, in order to meet the interests of the market, through the false discourse of fighting social inequalities.

Resumen En los últimos años, el turismo ha sido interpretado, por narraciones oficiales de gestión pública, en Brasil, como una posibilidad para el desarrollo socioeconómico y para la inclusión social. De esta manera, se dieron muchas experiencias en el mundo con este objetivo y, entre ellas, el turismo comunitario o TBC, que, en teoría, busca el desarrollo de lugares turísticos, desde premisas centrales de conservación de recursos naturales, valorización de la cultura y protagonismo loca. A partir de esa inspiración, este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la manera por la cual las principales premisas conceptuales relacionadas con TC se han expresado en las políticas públicas de turismo, en el caso brasileño, contribuyendo para la construcción de una línea de base para guiar un debate calificado sobre el tema, en un escenario posterior a la pandemia de Covid-19. Para ello, la metodología adoptada se basó en la investigación bibliográfica y documental sobre las políticas públicas de turismo en el período desde 2003 hasta 2018. El análisis sugiere que, aunque algunas de las premisas teóricas que guían el TBC se expresan en los documentos más recientes, de manera general, es interpretado por la lógica del mercado en las narrativas de políticas públicas, en contradicción con la base teórica, que ha guiado el debate sobre el tema. Por lo tanto, teniendo en cuenta esta tendencia y, en un escenario de incertidumbres pos pandémicas de Covid-19, el riesgo de instrumentalizar esta práctica en las narrativas oficiales parece ser evidente, para satisfacer los intereses del mercado, a través del falso discurso de combatir las desigualdades sociales.

Objective: To review the literature regarding adolescent suicide risk and explore the associations between treatment compliance (expressed as a concept including measured adherence to treatment and/or mental health service utilization) and risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior (SB), as well as the association between treatment compliance and reattempts. Methods: PubMed, LILACS, and Google Scholar were searched using the following terms: (adolescent*) AND (suicide*) AND (risk factor OR protective factors) AND (treatment compliance OR treatment attrition OR treatment adherence OR treatment drop out OR treatment retention OR mental health utilization). We retrieved studies that focused on the relation of treatment compliance to risk and protective factors for SB and that had only adolescent samples. Results: Of 4,841 articles, 30 original articles were selected for review. Most studies indicated high mental health service (MHS) utilization and poor treatment adherence by SB patients. Social minority status and conduct disorder were associated with less treatment adherence, while female sex, parental perceived need for treatment, and major depression were associated with greater treatment adherence. Inpatient and intensive emergency care after SA and family interventions improved MHS utilization and treatment compliance. However, we found no substantial protective effect of treatment compliance against reattempts. Conclusion: Effective treatment planning for compliance requires considering psychopathology, treatment planning, and social, familial, and individual factors.