ABSTRACT Background: The use of autologous blood transfusion in digestive tract surgeries, whether after preoperative blood collection or intraoperative blood salvage, is an alternative to allogeneic blood, which brings with it certain risks and shortage, due to the lack of donors. Studies have shown lower mortality and longer survival associated with autologous blood, however the theoretical possibility of spreading metastatic disease is still one of the limiting factors of its use. Objective: To evaluate the application of autologous transfusion in digestive tract surgeries, noting the benefits, damages and effects on the spread of metastatic disease. Methods: This is an integrative review of the literature available in the PubMed, Virtual Health Library and SciELO databases, by searching for “Autologous Blood Transfusion AND Gastrointestinal Surgical Procedures”. Observational and experimental studies and guidelines published in the last five years in Portuguese, English or Spanish were included. Results: Not all patients benefit from blood collection before elective procedures, with the time of surgery and hemoglobin levels some of the factors that may indicate the need for preoperative storage. Regarding the intraoperative salvaged blood, it was observed that there is no increased risk of tumor recurrence, but the importance of using leukocyte filters and blood irradiation is highlighted. There was no consensus among the studies whether there is a maintenance or reduction of complication rates compared to allogeneic blood. The cost related to the use of autologous blood may be higher, and the less stringent selection criteria prevent it from being added to the general donation pool. Conclusion: There were no objective and concordant answers among the studies, but the strong evidence of less recurrence of digestive tumors, the possibility of changes in morbidity and mortality, and the reduction of costs with patients suggest that the practice of autologous blood transfusion should be encouraged in digestive tract surgeries. It is necessary to note if the deleterious effects would stand out amidst the possible benefits to the patient and to health care systems.

RESUMO Contexto: O emprego da transfusão sanguínea autóloga nas cirurgias do aparelho digestivo, seja através da coleta de sangue no pré-operatório ou da recuperação de sangue no intraoperatório, é uma alternativa ao sangue alogênico, que traz consigo determinados riscos e a escassez, pela falta de doadores. Estudos têm demonstrado menor mortalidade e maior sobrevida associadas ao sangue autólogo, no entanto a possibilidade teórica de propagação de doença metastática ainda é um dos fatores limitantes do seu uso. Objetivo: Avaliar a aplicação da transfusão autóloga em cirurgias do aparelho digestivo, observando os benefícios, prejuízos e efeitos sobre a propagação de doenças metastáticas. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura disponível nas bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e SciELO, através da busca por “Autologous Blood Transfusion AND Gastrointestinal Surgical Procedures”. Foram incluídos estudos observacionais e experimentais e guidelines publicados nos últimos 5 anos, nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol. Resultados: Nem todos os pacientes beneficiam-se da coleta de sangue antes de procedimentos eletivos, sendo o tempo de cirurgia e os níveis de hemoglobina alguns dos fatores que podem indicar a necessidade do armazenamento pré-operatório. Em relação ao sangue recuperado no intraoperatório, observou-se que não há maior risco de recorrência de tumores, mas destaca-se a importância do uso de filtros leucocitários e irradiação sanguínea. Não houve consenso entre os estudos se há uma manutenção ou redução das taxas de complicação, em comparação com o sangue alogênico. O custo relacionado ao uso de sangue autólogo pode ser maior, além de os critérios de seleção menos rigorosos impedirem que seja adicionado ao pool geral de doações. Conclusão: Não houve respostas objetivas e concordantes entre os estudos, mas os fortes indícios da menor recorrência de tumores digestivos, a possibilidade de alterações na morbimortalidade e a redução dos custos com os pacientes sugerem que a prática da transfusão sanguínea autóloga seja fomentada nas cirurgias do aparelho digestivo. É necessário observar se os efeitos deletérios se destacariam em meio aos possíveis benefícios ao paciente e aos sistemas de saúde.

The mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana, Linn.) is a tropical fruit cultivated in the tropical forests of Southeast Asian countries. It is recognized as the queen of fruits due to its unique color, aroma, and flavor. It has been used for centuries in Southeastern Asian traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Many functional molecules with high medicinal value are obtained from the pericarp of mangosteen fruit, whose major constituent is xanthone α-mangostin. Several studies have been carried out over the last decades to further investigate and understand the pharmacological properties associated with the plant and its main chemical constituents, belonging to the class of xanthones. In addition, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies related to mangosteen have been published, indicating its importance and its potential application in medicinal chemistry. Prenylated xanthones, which include α-mangostin, are secondary metabolites particularly common in plants belonging to the Clusiaceae family. These substances have been intensively investigated for their potential as biologically active agents. This article describes a critical analysis of published data related to the properties of α-mangostin, aiming to provide a more detailed view of its potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

Resumo O basquete é um esporte praticado em todo o mundo, desta forma, testes de desempenho principalmente com baixo custo e acessíveis são sugeridos para adequar o treinamento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e correlacionar a velocidade e o desempenho de salto de membros inferiores de atletas de basquetebol da cidade da Praia Grande, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram avaliados 12 atletas do sexo masculino (6,92 ± 2,57 anos de prática) da equipe de Basquetebol da Cidade de Praia Grande, com idade 18,7 ± 0,6 anos, estatura 1,85 ± 0,06, massa corporal 83,66 ± 10,16 kg. Os atletas foram submetidos a sessões de testes utilizando o protocolo de avaliação da velocidade máxima de 20 metros e do salto vertical unilateral. A velocidade no teste de 20 metros foi de 3,53 ± 0,20 segundos. Embora tenha sido encontrada uma assimetria de 17,81 ± 14,64%, não foi encontrada diferença estatística (p = 0,817) entre o desempenho do salto vertical dominante (36,50 ± 7,36 cm) e não dominante (35,92 ± 5,63 cm). Além disso, foi encontrada correlação entre o teste de 20 metros e os valores de salto para perna dominante (p = 0,042), mas não para perna não dominante (p = 0,704). Em conclusão, embora tenha sido encontrada assimetria entre membros do lado dominante e não dominante do campo, não houve diferença no salto vertical

Abstract Basketball is a sport practiced around the world in this way, performances tests especially with low-cost and accessible are suggested to adjust the training. The 00aim of present study was to evaluate and correlate the speed and jump performance of lower limbs of basketball athletes from the Praia Grande, city of São Paulo, Brazil. Twelve male athletes (6.92 ± 2.57 years of pratice) from the Basketball team of Praia Grande City, aged 18.7 ± 0.6 years, height 1.85 ± 0.06, body mass 83.66 ± 10.16 kg were evaluated. The athletes were submitted to test sessions using the protocol for evaluating the maximum speed of 20 meters and the unilateral vertical jump. The speed on 20 meter test was 3.53 ± 0.20 seconds. Although an asymmetry of 17.81 ± 14.64% was found, no statistical difference (p = 0.817) was found between the dominant (36.50 ± 7.36 cm) and non-dominant (35.92 ± 5.63 cm) of vertical jump performance. Additionally, correlation between 20-meter test and values jump was found to dominant leg (p = 0.042) but not to non-dominant leg (p = 0.704). In conclusion, although asymmetry was found between members of the dominant and non-dominant side of the pitch, did not show any difference in the vertical jump.

Resumo Este estudo desenvolveu e testou géis experimentais contendo íons fluoreto (F-) e estanho (Sn2+) para o controle da erosão dentária. Os espécimes polidos, de esmalte e dentina, foram previamente erodidos (solução de ácido cítrico a 1%, 10 min) e alocados aleatoriamente em 5 grupos (n = 10): Placebo - gel de hidroxipropilmetilcelulose (HMC); F + Sn + HMC - 7.500 ppm F- / 15.000 ppm Sn2+; F + HMC - 7.500 ppm F-; Gel de flúor fosfato acidulado comercial (12.300 ppm F-); e Controle - sem tratamento. Após o tratamento (aplicado por 60 s), os espécimes foram submetidos a uma ciclagem de erosão-remineralização (5 min em solução de ácido cítrico a 0,3%, 60 min em saliva artificial, 4 × / dia, 20 dias). A perda de superfície (SL, em µm) foi determinada após o 5º, 10º e 20º dias de ciclagem (α = 0,05). Para o esmalte, após 5 e 10 dias, o F + Sn + HMC apresentou a menor PS, não diferindo do gel comercial. Após 20 dias, não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos comercial, F + HMC e F + Sn + HMC. O placebo não diferiu do controle em nenhum momento, e ambos os grupos apresentaram a maior PS, comparado aos demais grupos. Para dentina, no 5º dia , F + Sn + HMC, F + HMC e comercial não diferiram significativamente, apresentando menor PS que o grupo controle e placebo. No 10º dia, F+Sn+HMC e comercial apresentaram a menor PS comparado ao grupo controle e placebo. No 20º dia, apenas o gel comercial apresentou PS menor que o controle e o placebo. Assim, o gel experimental F + Sn + HMC foi capaz de controlar a progressão da erosão dentária.

Abstract: This study synthesized and tested experimental gels containing fluoride (F-) and stannous (Sn2+) ions for the control of dental erosion. Enamel and dentin polished specimens were eroded (1% citric acid solution, 10 min) and randomly allocated into 5 groups (n=10): Placebo - Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HMC) gel; F+Sn+HMC - 7,500 ppm F- / 15,000 ppm Sn2+; F+HMC - 7,500 ppm F-; Commercial acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (12,300 ppm F-); and Control - no treatment. After treatment (applied for 60 s), specimens underwent an erosion-remineralization cycling (5 min in 0.3% citric acid solution, 60 min in artificial saliva, 4×/day, 20 days). Surface loss (SL, in µm) was determined after the 5th, 10th and 20th days of cycling (α=0.05). For enamel, after 5 and 10 days, F+Sn+HMC presented the lowest SL, which did not differ from the commercial gel. After 20 days, no differences were found between commercial, F+HMC, and F+Sn+HMC groups. Placebo did not differ from the control at any time points, and both groups presented the highest SL when compared to the other groups. For dentin, on the 5th day, F+Sn+HMC, F+HMC and commercial did not differ significantly, showing lower SL than the control and the placebo. On the 10th day, F+Sn+HMC and commercial presented the lowest SL compared to control and placebo. After 20 days, only the commercial gel showed lower SL than the control and placebo. Thus, the experimental F+Sn+HMC gel was able to control the progression of tooth erosion.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o processo de diagnóstico de pacientes com mesotelioma pleural maligno (MPM) em um hospital terciário. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo envolvendo pacientes encaminhados a um centro oncológico terciário no Brasil entre 2009 e 2020. O processo diagnóstico foi dividido em quatro etapas: início dos sintomas, encaminhamento para consulta especializada, diagnóstico histopatológico e início do tratamento. Foram avaliados os intervalos entre as etapas e os fatores de atraso. Os dados coletados incluíram estado clínico, exames radiológicos, estadiamento, modalidades de tratamento e resultados de sobrevida. Resultados: Durante o período do estudo, 66 pacientes (média de idade = 64 anos) foram diagnosticados com MPM e submetidos a tratamento. Apenas 27 (41%) dos pacientes tinham conhecimento de exposição prévia ao amianto. A mediana de meses (IIQ) entre o início dos sintomas e a primeira consulta especializada, entre a consulta especializada e a caracterização histopatológica e entre o diagnóstico definitivo e o início do tratamento foi, respectivamente, de 6,5 (2,0-11,4), 1,5 (0,6 -2,1) e 1,7 (1,2-3,4). Conhecimento de exposição prévia ao amianto associou-se a menor tempo para encaminhamento a um especialista (mediana: 214 vs. 120 dias; p = 0,04). O número substancial de procedimentos não diagnósticos e as biópsias falso-negativas (a maioria envolvendo o uso de biópsia com agulha de Cope) foram considerados fatores decisivos para o tempo de espera. A sobrevida global média foi de 11,9 meses. Conclusões: A falta de familiaridade dos profissionais de saúde com o MPM e o desconhecimento dos pacientes em relação à exposição prévia ao amianto foram os principais fatores que ocasionaram um longo intervalo de tempo entre o início dos sintomas e o início do tratamento. A sobrevida global inferior a 1 ano provavelmente se deve aos atrasos supracitados.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the process of diagnosing patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective study involving patients referred to a tertiary-care cancer center in Brazil between 2009 and 2020. The diagnostic process was divided into four steps: onset of symptoms, referral to a specialist visit, histopathological diagnosis, and beginning of treatment. The intervals between each phase and the factors for delays were evaluated. Data including clinical status, radiological examinations, staging, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes were collected. Results: During the study period, 66 patients (mean age = 64 years) were diagnosed with MPM and underwent treatment. Only 27 (41%) of the patients had knowledge of prior exposure to asbestos. The median number of months (IQR) between the onset of symptoms and the first specialist visit, between the specialist visit and histopathological characterization, and between definite diagnosis and beginning of treatment was, respectively, 6.5 (2.0-11.4), 1.5 (0.6-2.1), and 1.7 (1.2-3.4). The knowledge of prior asbestos exposure was associated with a shorter time to referral to a specialist (median: 214 vs. 120 days; p = 0.04). A substantial number of nondiagnostic procedures and false-negative biopsy results (the majority of which involved the use of Cope needle biopsy) were found to be decisive factors for the length of waiting time. The mean overall survival was 11.9 months. Conclusions: The unfamiliarity of health professionals with MPM and the patient’s lack of knowledge of prior asbestos exposure were the major factors to cause a long time interval between the onset of symptoms and beginning of treatment. An overall survival shorter than 1 year is likely to have been due to the aforementioned delays.

Abstract Global climate change is expected to increasingly affect climate-sensitive sectors of society, such as the economy and environment, with significant impacts on water, energy, agriculture and fisheries. This is the case in South America, whose economy is highly dependent on the agricultural sector. Here, we analyzed the sensitivity of South American climate to positive extremes of Antarctic sea ice (ASI) extent and volume at continental and regional scales. Sensitivity ensemble experiments were conducted with the GFDL-CM2.1 model and compared with the ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset. The results have shown significant impacts on the seasonal regime of precipitation, air temperature and humidity in South America, such as a gradual establishment of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone, the formation of the Upper Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortex, the strengthening of Bolivian High and the presence of a low level cyclonic circulation anomaly over the South Atlantic Subtropical High region which contributed, for instance, to increased precipitation over the Southeastern Brazil. A northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone was initially also a response pattern to the increased ASI. Moreover, the greatest variance of the climatic signal generated from the disturbances applied on the high southern latitudes has occurred in the interseasonal timescale (110–120 days), especially over the Brazilian Amazon and the Southeastern Brazil regions.

RESUMO Este texto apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que tem como objetivo compreender o papel da Educação Física em um programa de escolarização de adultos trabalhadores do município de Porto Alegre/RS. Utiliza-se o materialismo histórico dialético como teoria e método de pesquisa, apontando como parte dos resultados a ausência da categoria trabalho no interior da Educação Física e a reivindicação por parte dos sujeitos pesquisados de que a área possa contribuir para pensar o trabalho enquanto atividade humana fundamental. Por fim, considera-se que a educação física é parte importante da formação humana, aliada a uma educação científica e técnica, que possa contribuir para a constituição de um projeto histórico da classe trabalhadora, superando a sociedade do capital.

ABSTRACT This text presents the results of a research that aims to understand the role of Physical Education in a schooling program for working adults in the city of Porto Alegre/RS. Dialectical historical materialism is used as a theory and research method, pointing out as part of the results the absence of the work category within Physical Education and the claim by the researched subjects that the area can contribute to thinking about work as a human activity fundamental. Finally, it is considered that physical education is an important part of human formation, combined with scientific and technical education, which can contribute to the constitution of a historical project of the working class, overcoming the capital society.

RESUMEN Este texto presenta los resultados de una investigación que tiene como objetivo comprender el papel de la Educación Física en un programa de escolarización de adultos trabajadores en la ciudad de Porto Alegre/RS. Se utiliza como teoría y método de investigación el materialismo histórico dialéctico, señalando como parte de los resultados la ausencia de la categoría trabajo dentro de la Educación Física y la afirmación de los sujetos investigados de que el área puede contribuir a pensar el trabajo como actividad humana fundamental. Finalmente, se considera que la educación física es parte importante de la formación humana, combinada con la educación científica y técnica, que puede contribuir a la constitución de un proyecto histórico de la clase obrera, superando la sociedad del capital.

Resumo O treinamento de força é parte integrante dos programas de treinamento para estética, e desempenho esportivo. Embora experimentos comparem as respostas de alguns métodos, faltam estudos que analisem o tempo de execução, a recuperação e as percepções de dor e esforço. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e comparar as respostas metabólicas e fisiológicas do treinamento tradicional, drop set e restrição de fluxo sanguíneo em indivíduos treinados. A amostra foi composta por 16 homens treinados com idade entre 32 ± 10,5 e mínimo de 3 anos de prática contínua e regular de TF. Os dados foram coletados em 4 dias, sendo o primeiro atribuído ao teste de carga máxima e nos 3 dias seguintes analisamos aleatoriamente o drop set, restrição de fluxo sanguíneo e métodos tradicionais de treinamento. O lactato sanguíneo foi analisado após a sessão de treinamento. Circunferência do braço pré e pós-intervenção, frequência cardíaca e tempo total, escalas de percepção de dor e esforço, repetições e volumes totais. Os resultados não mostraram diferença significativa no número de repetições entre os métodos de restrição de fluxo sanguíneo e drop set, mas o volume total e o tempo foram significativamente maiores no drop set. O maior valor de lactato sanguíneo foi encontrado no drop set apesar dos outros métodos também apresentarem valores elevado. A restrição do fluxo sanguíneo e o drop set apresentaram diferença significativa em relação ao método tradicional na escala subjetiva de esforço pós-exercício, fato que se relaciona com o maior volume total, principalmente no drop set.

Abstract Strength training is an integral part of training programs for aesthetics and sports performance. Although experiments compare the responses of some methods, there is a lack of studies that analyze the time of execution, the recovery and perceptions of pain and exertion. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the metabolic and physiological responses of traditional, drop set and blood flow restriction training. The sample consisted of 16 trained men aged 32 ± 10,5 and minimum of 3 years of continuous and regular practice of ST. Data were collected in 4 days, being the first one assigned to maximum load testing and the following 3 days we analyzed randomly the drop set, blood flow restriction and traditional training methods. Blood lactate was analyzed after the training session. Pre and post intervention arm circumference, heart rate and total time, perceived pain and exertion rating scales, repetition and total volumes. Results showed no significant difference on repetitions number between blood flow restriction and drop set methods but total volume and time were significantly higher on drop set. The highest blood lactate value was found on drop set despite the other methods also show high values. Blood flow restriction and drop set showed significant difference regarding to traditional method on post exercise subjective exertion rating scale, a fact that relates with the highest total volume, mostly on drop set.

ABSTRACT During fieldwork in Serra Negra da Mantiqueira, Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil, a new taxon of Passiflora, subgenus Astrophea, was collected in cloud forest areas. Passiflora purii, the new species, is characterized by the conical trochlea and the totally vinaceous corona, and was named in honor of the Puri ethnic group that inhabited the mountain range where its population was located. Detailed data on the distribution, habitat, reproductive phenology, and conservation status of the new species, as well as a key to closely related taxa of subgenus Astrophea are provided.

resumo: O volume de resíduos gerados pelas centrais dosadoras de concreto (CDC) no Brasil é expressivo, de acordo com Oliveira et al [1] o resíduo de construção e demolição no Brasil foi de aproximadamente 45-79 milhões de tons e grande parte desse resíduo é enviada para aterros sanitários (79%). Este estudo avalia a capacidade de redução de resíduos da CDC usando 3 diferentes métodos: (a) reaproveitamento do concreto no estado fresco por meio de aditivos estabilizadores de hidratação (AEH); (b) reciclagem dos agregados de concreto separando os agregados da pasta de cimento antes que endureça; (c) reciclagem de concreto endurecido como agregados através do processo de britagem. Resultados apontam que concretos de resistências até 25,0 MPa, são mais efetivos na redução de CO2 e pegada de carbono quando utilizado o método (b), se avaliada classes de resistências maiores, o método (a) foi o mais efetivo.

abstract: The volume of waste generated by ready-mix concrete (RMC) plants in Brazil is significant. According to Oliveira et al. [1] waste from construction and demolition in Brazil was approximately 45-79 million tons and most of those waste is sent to landfills (79%). This study presents an assessment of the RMC plant waste reduction capacity using 3 different methods: (a) reuse of concrete in the fresh state by using hydration-stabilizing admixtures (HSA); (b) recycling of concrete aggregates by separating the aggregates from the cement paste before the concrete hardens; (c) recycling of hardened concrete as aggregates through the crushing process. Results indicated that concretes with compressive strengths up to 25.0 MPa are more effective in reducing CO2 emission and consequently CO2 footprint when using method (b); if evaluating higher resistance classes, method (a) was the most effective.

Abstract The formation of dense water masses at polar regions has been largely influenced by climate changes arising from global warming. In this context, based on ensemble simulations with a coupled model we evaluate the meridional shift of a climate signal (i.e., a cold and fresh water input pulse generated from melting of positive Antarctic sea ice (ASI) extremes) towards the Tropical Atlantic Ocean (TAO). This oceanic signal propagated from Southern Ocean towards the equator through the upper layers due to an increase in its buoyance. Its northward shift has given by the Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) flows, that inject cold and fresh mode/intermediate waters from into subtropical basin. The signal has reached low latitudes through the equatorial upwelling and spreads out southwards, through the upper branch of southern subtropical gyre. We concluded that 10 years of coupled simulations was enough time to propagate the climate signal generated by ASI positive extremes melting, which reached TOA around 2 year later. The oceanic connection between Southern Ocean and TAO is indeed established within the timescale analyzed in the study (10 years). Nonetheless, the period needed to completely dissipate the disturbance generated from ASI seems to be longer.

Abstract Aim: The present study aimed to screen for differences in isokinetic peak torque, hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio, and proprioception within the lower limbs of female handball athletes. Methods: Twelve college-level female handball athletes with no previous experience with resistance training performed five maximal isokinetic contractions of the knee extensors and knee flexors to determine isokinetic peak torque and hamstring-to-quadriceps ratios. Proprioception was determined by assessing passive position sense on an isokinetic dynamometer. Results: The athletes presented significantly greater (p < 0.01) knee extensors isometric peak torque for the jumping limb (144.9 ± 23.1) when compared to the non-jumping limb (132.9 ± 21.5). The Hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio was below 0.6 for both limbs, being significantly greater (p < 0.01) for the non-jumping limb (0.56 ± 0.08) when compared to the jumping limb (0.50 ± 0.08). Conclusion: Female handball athletes that do not engage in resistance training can experience functional bilateral asymmetries in the knee extensors and knee-joint instability, as assessed by the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio due to the asymmetric characteristics of handball. Regular strength training might correct such asymmetries and instabilities.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar a distribuição dos nutrientes dissolvidos em seis estações de amostragem no estuário do rio Anil (ERA) e caracterizar o sedimento de fundo. A área de estudo é influenciada por um clima tropical e regime macromarés semidiurnas. A amostragem das águas superficiais e sedimentos foi realizada no canal principal em seis estações de amostragem distribuídas ao longo do estuário no período chuvoso (09 de maio) e seco (05 de outubro) durante a primavera. Variáveis físicas foram coletadas com o auxílio de uma sonda multiparâmetro HANNA HI-8424 (temperatura da água, salinidade, pH, oxigênio dissolvido e turbidez) e sonda YSI CTD (condutividade, temperatura e profundidade). Uma draga van Veen foi usada para a coleta de sedimentos de fundo do canal principal. Os resultados sedimentológicos foram heterogêneos. O tamanho do grão variou de areia muito fina a média. Os nutrientes dissolvidos no ERA tinham fontes diferentes dependendo do período sazonal. Insumos continentais e fluviais, evidenciados pelos valores de salinidade, governaram a distribuição dos nutrientes no período chuvoso (janeiro a junho), enquanto as concentrações dos nutrientes foram relacionadas à reciclagem da matéria orgânica no estuário na estação seca (julho a dezembro). A presença de areia no canal principal indica que os sedimentos disponíveis no ERA estão expostos a uma hidrodinâmica intensa. A distribuição dos nutrientes e o tamanho do grão revelaram a ocorrência de diferentes fontes no estuário de acordo com o regime de chuvas e a intensa hidrodinâmica das correntes de maré (macromarés semidiurnas).

Abstract The objective of this research was to characterize the distribution of dissolved nutrients at six sampling stations in the estuary of the Anil River (ARE) and characterize the bottom sediment. The study area is influenced by a tropical climate and semidiurnal macrotidal regime. Sampling of the surface water and sediment was performed in the main channel at six sampling stations distributed along the estuary in the rainy period (May 9th) and dry period (October 5th) during the spring. Physical variables were collected with the aid of a HANNA HI-8424 multi-parameter probe (water temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity) and YSI CTD (conductivity, temperature, and depth) probe. A van Veen dredge was used for the collection of bottom sediment from the main channel. The sedimentological results were heterogeneous. Grain size ranged from very fine to medium sand. Dissolved nutrients in the ARE had different sources depending on the season. Continental and fluvial inputs, evidenced by salinity values, governed the distribution of nutrients in the rainy period (January to June), whereas nutrient concentrations were related to the recycling of organic material in the estuary in the dry season (July to December). The considerable presence of sand in the main channel indicates that the sediments available in ARE are exposed to intense hydrodynamics. The distribution of nutrients and the grain size revealed the occurrence of different sources in the estuary according to the rainfall regime and the intense hydrodynamics of tidal currents (semidiurnal macrotidal).

Abstract The variability of Antarctic sea ice (ASI) has great potential to affect atmospheric circulation, with impacts that can extend from the surface to the middle and high levels of troposphere. The present study has evaluated the response of South Atlantic tropospheric circulation to increased coverage in area and volume of ASI. Monthly data of air temperature, zonal and meridional wind and mean sea level pressure were obtained from two ensemble simulations performed with the GDFL/CM2.1 model, covering the period from July 2020 to June 2030. In general, the response of South Atlantic tropospheric circulation to increased ASI showed that the climatic signal extended up from the surface to the high levels, propagating as a South Pole–Tropics teleconnection. The results show a general cooling of the southern troposphere, which for instance lead to the strengthening and northward shift of the polar jet and the southward shift of the subtropical jet and to an inversion from the positive to negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode. This study has great relevance for understanding the global climate changes in short term, by assessing the sensitivity of South Atlantic tropospheric circulation to extreme variations in ASI.

RESUMO Objetivo: O pectus excavatum é uma deformidade importante por comprometer a estética e causar distúrbios emocionais. A sua correção cirúrgica é bem estabelecida, mas o tratamento conservador é menos familiar. Investigamos os resultados de longo prazo do tratamento do pectus excavatum localizado (deformidade restrita a linha média e na linha mamilar) com uso de órtese e exercícios físicos específicos. Métodos: Selecionamos 115 pacientes (média de 12,8 anos) com seguimento mínimo de 36 meses, sendo avaliados mais de um ano após o término do tratamento e maturidade esquelética. Os resultados foram relacionados estatisticamente (qui-quadrado e Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel) com a flexibilidade da deformidade, a gravidade, o uso regular da órtese e a realização de exercícios específicos. Resultados: O tratamento foi bem-sucedido em 58% dos pacientes, mas quando o uso da órtese e os exercícios foram regulares em pacientes com deformidades flexíveis, essa taxa aumentou para 83% (p = 0,005). A gravidade e a adesão ao tratamento tiveram grande impacto no sucesso do tratamento (p = 0,009 e <0,001, respectivamente). Conclusão: O método de tratamento proposto foi eficaz para correção total ou parcial da deformidade em pacientes motivados acompanhados até a maturidade esquelética, principalmente quando a terapêutica foi iniciada precocemente em deformidades mais leves e flexíveis. Nível de Evidência V, Opinião do especialista.

ABSTRACT Objective: Pectus excavatum is a deformity that affects aesthetics and causes emotional disorders. Surgical correction is well established, but conservative treatment is less common. We investigated the long-term results of using a brace and performing specific physical exercises to treat localized pectus excavatum, a type of deformity in which the depressed area is restricted to the midline region along the nipple line. Methods: We selected 115 patients (mean age 12.8 years), with a minimum follow-up of 36 months, who were evaluated more than one year after the end of treatment and skeletal maturity. Results were correlated with deformity flexibility, severity, regular use of the device, and performance of specific exercises. The chi-square (χ2) and the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Treatment was successful in 58% of patients, however, when exercises were performed and the brace was used regularly by patients with flexible deformities, the rate increased to 83% (p = 0.005). Severity and adherence to treatment greatly impacted successful treatment (p = 0.009 and < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The proposed treatment method was effective for correction or partial correction of the deformity in motivated patients followed up until skeletal maturity, especially when started early in milder and more flexible deformities. Level of Evidence V, Expert opinion.