Abstract Paper aims This paper addresses the influence of socioeconomic, quality, built environment, and safety variables on the demand for public transportation service. Originality This study covers a differentiated and little explored analysis in the literature on the frequency of use of public transport, using different exploratory variables and characteristics of the urban environment. Research method A sample of 274 bus users was obtained and the multinomial logistic regression method was performed to analyze how different variables impact frequency of use public transportation. Main findings The use of public transportation to work and study, transportation vouchers, distance traveled to central business and accessibility were strongly associated with more frequency of public transportation use. Owning a vehicle, and dissatisfaction with fare and bus schedules led to less frequent use. Implications for theory and practice This study corroborate with literature, where the public transportation is not the main mode of transportation due: private vehicle ownership; dissatisfaction with the public transportation; very low household income; no tariff subsidy; and difficulties in accessing bus stops. In practice, it can aid public transport providers to promote strategies to increase demand and improve service. It also advises government bodies on encouraging sustainable mobility, bringing benefits to society.

Abstract Paper aims This study aimed to analyze how the satisfaction level of public transport (PT) users is influenced by their socioeconomic characteristics. Originality The analysis of how socioeconomic variables influence the satisfaction level through the association between MANOVA and exploratory analysis is still not explored, especially in Brazil and in medium-sized cities, which represent the majority of Brazilian cities. Research method Data collection was carried out by questionnaire in a Brazilian city. The 330 users of PT evaluated their satisfaction level concerning 12 quality indicators. Statistical analyses were performed using Pearson's correlation and MANOVA. Main findings Most socioeconomic variables influenced user satisfaction in at least one indicator, gender and schooling being the most prominent. The results showed that women’s mean level of satisfaction is lower than men’s concerning indicators affected by gender. Fare was the indicator with the worst score, being influenced by users’ occupation. Implications for theory and practice The study presents practical and methodological contributions. The results provides technical and scientific subsidies for public policies and service improvement. It possible to improve each indicator according to the users’ socioeconomic characteristics, encouraging the use of PT and contributing to the urban environment sustainability.

Abstract Paper aims To analyze service levels offered in a highway toll plaza and to test the influence of operational and human factors on manual customer service. Originality The methodology is an approach which involves systematic and efficient examination of multiple factors. This approach has been widely used in multiple areas; however, little research has been done on experiments in the area of transportation. Research method Design of Experiment (DOE) and Computation Modeling and Simulation. Main findings The association of the two methods allowed the development of a more robust empirical model of the customer service process. We have also verified that the human agent interacts and interferes in the manual payment process. Implications for theory and practice To contribute to the very important debate that surrounds service processes. The research showed that there are alternatives and improvements that can be applied and to serve as basis for transportation policies.

Resumo A expansão urbana no município de Itajubá (MG) ocorreu em áreas onde atualmente o Código Florestal visa proteger, denominadas áreas urbanas de ocupação consolidadas. Porém, a carência de dados específicos da região dificulta a tomada de decisão dos gestores. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem o objetivo de diagnosticar as áreas do município limítrofes ao Rio Sapucaí, com vista à gestão sustentável de uso e ocupação do solo. O estudo de caso aborda o ordenamento jurídico referente às áreas de preservação permanente (APP), do âmbito federal ao municipal, bem como as diretrizes do Plano Diretor. Foi realizado o mapeamento das áreas limítrofes ao rio, com o auxílio do Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), por meio da interpretação visual de imagens de satélite georreferenciadas. A elaboração dos mapas possibilitou a classificação dessas áreas quanto ao uso e à ocupação, como também a preocupação em aumentar e manter áreas reflorestadas nos últimos dez anos pela administração municipal, além de constatar a existência de locais já adensados que poderiam receber projetos de revitalização e mobilidade visando à melhoria da qualidade de vida da população.

Abstract The urban expansion in Itajubá-MG occurred in areas where the Forest Code currently purpose to protect, called consolidated urban areas of occupation. However, the failure of specific data in the region makes it difficult for managers to make a decision. In this context, this work objectives to diagnose in surrounding the Sapucaí River, with a view to the sustainable management of land use and occupation. The case study deals with the legal framework for the “Áreas de Preservação Permanente” (APP) from the Federal to the Municipal scope, as well as the directives of the Master Plan. The mapping the surround areas to the River was realized, with the support of the Geographic Information System (GIS), by visual interpretation of georeferenced satellite images. The mapping made it possible to classify these areas in terms of use and occupation, as well as the concern to increase and maintain areas reforested in the last ten years by the municipal administration, besides to verify the existence of already densely populated sites that could receive revitalization and mobility projects to improve the quality of life of the population.

Resumo A Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (GRSU) é um desafio mundial. Com o rápido processo de urbanização, crescimento populacional e econômico nos países pertencentes ao BRICS (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul) o desafio é ainda maior, decorrente do aumento do volume de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) gerados por esses processos. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o status da gestão dos RSU nos países do BRICS, bem como promover um intercâmbio de experiência e estratégias de gestão, apontando possíveis caminhos para melhorar os sistemas de GRSU, cuja a implementação deve ser adaptada à realidade de cada país. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura a partir de uma análise bibliométrica. Os resultados mostraram que os sistemas de gestão de RSU nos países membros do BRICS não apresentam uma estrutura bem desenvolvida, muitas vezes a coleta não é eficiente, os resíduos são armazenados de maneira imprópria e destinados em áreas irregulares. A participação do setor informal é característica marcante na GRSU dos países do BRICS, notando-se, portanto, a necessidade de integração do setor informal ao sistema formal de coleta destes resíduos. Devido à alta fração orgânica, é notória as vantagens da compostagem como forma de aproveitamento dos resíduos orgânicos e como meio de reduzir a quantidade de resíduos enviados a aterros. O conhecimento da geração de RSU e a descentralização dos serviços oferecidos de GRSU possibilitaria um maior êxito no atendimento à população.

Abstract Urban Solid Waste Management (USWM) is a worldwide challenge. The problems faced are even greater due to the disproportional increase of Urban Solid Waste (USW) generation in volume, especially in a context of increased urbanization, population growth and economic globalization in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). In this context, the objective of this work is to analyze the status of MSW management in the BRICS countries, as well as to promote an exchange of experience and management strategies, pointing out possible ways to improve USWM systems that have to be adapted to each local reality. Focusing on this, a systematic literature revision was carried out through a bibliometric analysis. Results showed that the management system of these BRICS countries does not possess well-developed structures. The collection stage is quite often inefficient, the solid waste being stored in inappropriate ways and also disposed of in irregular locations. The participation of the informal sector is a trademark characteristic in USWM for BRICS countries, highlighting the need to integrate and formalize these activities for USW collection. Due to the high organic fraction, it is known that composting offers advantages as a way to promote a better use of organic waste and also as a means of reducing the amount of waste sent to sanitary landfills. Finally, with a better knowledge about solid waste generation and decentralization of the offered services, the decision makers will be able to successfully provide this essential public service.

ResumoAvaliar a acessibilidade de grupos específicos em um determinado espaço urbano passa por desafios, como verificar as normas técnicas e legislação vigente e considerar a opinião dos indivíduos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a acessibilidade das pessoas com mobilidade reduzida, em relação aos espaços de circulação pública, utilizando um modelo multicritério de avaliação da acessibilidade. O objeto de estudo foi o deslocamento pedonal em calçadas, obstáculos, travessias e estacionamentos na região central da cidade de Itajubá, no Estado de Minas Gerais. Verificou-se que os julgamentos dos usuários variam de acordo com o tipo de dificuldade de locomoção e com a disponibilidade de dispositivos e de meios de transportes. O estudo fornece subsídios para melhorias de propostas de mobilidade urbana com vistas ao desenvolvimento sustentável, principalmente no que se refere a projetos adequados a um conceito mais abrangente que considere a experiência humana na cidade e viabilize a participação do usuário nos projetos para o coletivo.

AbstractEvaluating the accessibility of specific groups in a determined urban space is challenging, not only when it comes to verifying technical standards and current legislations, but also when considering individual opinions. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the accessibility of people with limited mobility in urban public spaces, using an accessibility multi-criteria analysis model. The goal of this study was pedestrian flow in sidewalks, obstacles, crossings and parking spots in downtown Itajubá-MG. It was verified that user’s judgment regarding accessibility depends on the different kinds of mobility difficulties, the availability of devices and means of transport. This study provides insights that support better urban mobility proposals for a sustainable development, especially to those projects that aim a social sustainability on a broader concept that embraces human experience in the cities and enables individuals to participate on projects targeted to the general population.

Adequate management of urban solid waste (USW) is beneficial to the environment, cities and people who depend on the income generated from collecting this waste material to survive. Due to the level of complexity of these processes involved in recyclable USW sorting, management tools which enable systemic studies become valuable assets by evaluating the effects changes may cause on the organization. This paper presents a modeling study, which used process mapping and discrete event simulation, in which a USW collection process was evaluated. The study was conducted in conjunction with the USW trash gatherers association of Itajubá, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The lack of standardized processes presented difficulties for developing the simulation model. To diminish this problem, three conceptual modelingtechniques were used (SIPOC, flowcharts and IDEF-SIM). Data were collected via observation, interviews and questionnaires. The validated conceptual model, obtained in this study, will be able to be used to better understand the process. Finally, the model was used to evaluate process improvement scenarios.

O objetivo do trabalho é utilizar o Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) como ferramenta para a roteirização do sistema de coleta resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). A partir da base de dados geográficos do sistema viário de Itajubá (MG), foram georeferenciadas os dados relativos à coleta de RSU da empresa responsável por prestar o serviço na cidade. De posse desses dados, foram simulados no SIG cenários de roteirização nos setores de coleta, utilizando a rotina de roteirização em arcos do SIG. As simulações possibilitaram avaliar a qualidade das rotas atuais e possíveis cenários de melhoria, visando à minimização da distância percorrida e, conseqüentemente, a redução dos custos envolvidos. Os resultados gerais mostraram que a rotina de roteirização presente no SIG é adequada e oferece resultados de boa qualidade, desde que as variáveis mais sensíveis do problema (taxa de geração de resíduos e velocidade dos caminhões) sejam obtidas com precisão.

The objective of this paper is to use the Geographic Information System (GIS) as a routing tool for urban solid waste (USW) systems. The data from the vehicle used in the USW collection system was put in the GIS database, obtained directly from the company responsible for the service in Itajubá city (MG). With this data, scenarios of the routing system were simulated in GIS, using the GIS ArcRouting algorithm. The goal of the simulations was to evaluate the quality of the current route system and sought solutions that minimize the distance covered by the vehicles and, consequently, the reduction of the involved costs. The general results showed the GIS ArcRouting algorithm to be adequate and as obtaining good results, since that the most important problem's variables (tax of waste generation and vehicle speed) are attained with precision.

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da aplicação da técnica de mapeamento para a caracterização e avaliação dos processos de seleção de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) desenvolvidos nas instalações de uma associação de catadores de materiais recicláveis. O trabalho utiliza métodos qualitativos por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e estudo de caso. O levantamento de dados contou com observação, entrevista e questionário. Dentre as técnicas disponíveis para o mapeamento, foram utilizados o SIPOC, o mapa de processo e o mapofluxograma. O mapeamento de processos como ferramenta gerencial possibilitou a visualização dos processos em diferentes escalas, o relacionamento entre as atividades e o cruzamento de fluxo (transporte) dentro do galpão, sendo esse um dos principais gargalos de produção.

The objective of this work was to present the application of the mapping technique for characterization and evaluation of procedures for selection of urban solid waste (USW) developed in an association of recyclable materials collectors. This work use qualitative methods through bibliographic research and case study. The gathering of data was performed by observation, interviews and questionnaire. Amongst the techniques available for the mapping, SIPOC, process map and flowchart map were used. The process mapping as a management tool made possible the visualization of the processes in different scales, the relationship between the activities and the flow crossing (transportation) in the deposits, one of the main bottlenecks of production.