ABSTRACT Background: Approximately 71 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide. A significant number of these individuals will develop liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Beyond the liver, there is a sizeable body of scientific evidence linking cardiovascular disease and chronic hepatitis C (CHC); however, the biological mechanisms behind the concurrence of these conditions have not been completely clarified yet. Objective: To evaluate associations between hepatic histology, clinical comorbidities and lipid profile in patients with CHC. To investigate associations between liver histology and demographic, nutritional, biochemical and virological parameters. Methods: Eight-five patients with CHC prospectively underwent hepatic biopsy. Liver fragments were obtained from each patient by percutaneous route using a Menghini needle. Fibrosis was evaluated according to the METAVIR scoring system, as follows: F0, no fibrosis; F1, fibrous portal expansion; F2, fibrous portal widening with few septa; F3, bridging fibrosis with architectural distortion; and F4, liver cirrhosis. The activity was classified based on the degree of lymphocyte infiltration and hepatocyte necrosis, from A0 to A3. The diagnosis of liver disease was based on clinical, biochemical, histological, and radiological methods. The data were analyzed by logistic regression models. Results: This cross-sectional study included 85 outpatients followed at the tertiary care ambulatory centre with a mean age of 57.2±10.7 years and 45 (52.9%) were females. There were 10 patients with cirrhosis. Patients with a METAVIR F3-F4 were significantly older (P=0.02) and had higher levels of ALT (P=0.0006), AST (P<0.0001), γ-GT (P=0.03) and bilirubin (P=0.001) and higher prothrombin time than patients with F0-F2 score. Albumin levels (P=0.01) were significantly lower in METAVIR F3-F4. Age (OR=1.09; 95%CI=1.02-1.16; P=0.02), steatosis (OR=4.03; 95%CI=1.05-15.45; P=0.04) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <60 mg/dL (OR=7.67; 95%CI=1.71-34.49; P=0.008) were independently associated with fibrosis. Hypertension (OR=6.36; 95%CI=1.31-30.85; P=0.02) and HDL-C <60 mg/dL (OR=9.85; 95%CI=2.35-41.39; P=0.002) were independently associated with necroinflammatory activity. Hypertension (OR=6.94; 95%CI=1.92-25.05; P=0.003) and HDL-C <60 mg/dL (OR=3.94; 95%CI=1.27-12.3; P=0.02) were associated with interface inflammatory activity. Triglycerides (TG ≥150 mg/dL) remained associated with lobular inflammatory activity. Conclusion: cholesterol levels <60 mg/dL were independently associated with necroinflammatory activity in chronic hepatitis C. Patients with hypertension are at an increased risk of developing necroinflammatory activity. Background 7 HCV (HCV worldwide andor or carcinoma (CHC) however yet Objective demographic nutritional parameters Methods Eightfive Eight five biopsy needle system follows F0 F F1 expansion F2 septa F3 distortion F4 necrosis A3 histological methods models Results crosssectional cross sectional 8 572107 57 2 57.2±10. 4 52.9% 529 52 9 (52.9% females 1 F3F4 FF F3-F P=0.02 P002 P 0 02 (P=0.02 P=0.0006, P00006 P=0.0006 , 0006 (P=0.0006) P<0.0001, P00001 P<0.0001 0001 (P<0.0001) γGT γ GT P=0.03 P003 03 (P=0.03 P=0.001 P0001 001 (P=0.001 F0F2 F0-F score P=0.01 P001 01 (P=0.01 F3F4. F4. OR=1.09 OR109 OR 09 (OR=1.09 95%CI=1.021.16 95CI102116 CI 95%CI=1.02 1.16 95 16 95%CI=1.02-1.16 P=0.02, OR=4.03 OR403 (OR=4.03 95%CI=1.0515.45 95CI1051545 95%CI=1.05 15.45 05 15 95%CI=1.05-15.45 P=0.04 P004 04 highdensity high density HDLC HDL (HDL-C 60 <6 mgdL mg dL OR=7.67 OR767 67 (OR=7.67 95%CI=1.7134.49 95CI1713449 95%CI=1.71 34.49 34 49 95%CI=1.71-34.49 P=0.008 P0008 008 OR=6.36 OR636 6 36 (OR=6.36 95%CI=1.3130.85 95CI1313085 95%CI=1.31 30.85 31 30 95%CI=1.31-30.85 OR=9.85 OR985 (OR=9.85 95%CI=2.3541.39 95CI2354139 95%CI=2.35 41.39 35 41 39 95%CI=2.35-41.39 P=0.002 P0002 002 OR=6.94 OR694 94 (OR=6.94 95%CI=1.9225.05 95CI1922505 95%CI=1.92 25.05 92 25 95%CI=1.92-25.05 P=0.003 P0003 003 OR=3.94 OR394 3 (OR=3.94 95%CI=1.2712.3 95CI127123 95%CI=1.27 12.3 27 12 95%CI=1.27-12.3 TG 150 ≥15 Conclusion (CHC 57210 5 57.2±10 52.9 (52.9 F3F P=0.0 P00 (P=0.0 P0000 P=0.000 000 (P=0.0006 P<0.000 (P<0.0001 P=0.00 P000 00 (P=0.00 F0F OR=1.0 OR10 (OR=1.0 021 95%CI=1.021.1 95CI10211 95CI102 95%CI=1.0 116 1.1 95%CI=1.02-1.1 OR=4.0 OR40 (OR=4.0 0515 95%CI=1.0515.4 95CI105154 95CI105 1545 15.4 95%CI=1.05-15.4 < OR=7.6 OR76 (OR=7.6 7134 95%CI=1.7134.4 95CI171344 95CI171 95%CI=1.7 3449 34.4 95%CI=1.71-34.4 OR=6.3 OR63 (OR=6.3 3130 95%CI=1.3130.8 95CI131308 95CI131 95%CI=1.3 3085 30.8 95%CI=1.31-30.8 OR=9.8 OR98 (OR=9.8 3541 95%CI=2.3541.3 95CI235413 95CI235 95%CI=2.3 4139 41.3 95%CI=2.35-41.3 OR=6.9 OR69 (OR=6.9 9225 95%CI=1.9225.0 95CI192250 95CI192 95%CI=1.9 2505 25.0 95%CI=1.92-25.0 OR=3.9 OR39 (OR=3.9 2712 95%CI=1.2712. 95CI12712 95CI127 95%CI=1.2 123 12. 95%CI=1.27-12. ≥1 5721 57.2±1 52. (52. P=0. P0 (P=0. (P=0.000 P<0.00 (P<0.000 OR=1. OR1 (OR=1. 95%CI=1.021. 95CI1021 95CI10 95%CI=1. 11 1. 95%CI=1.02-1. OR=4. OR4 (OR=4. 051 95%CI=1.0515. 95CI10515 154 15. 95%CI=1.05-15. OR=7. OR7 (OR=7. 713 95%CI=1.7134. 95CI17134 95CI17 344 34. 95%CI=1.71-34. OR=6. OR6 (OR=6. 313 95%CI=1.3130. 95CI13130 95CI13 308 30. 95%CI=1.31-30. OR=9. OR9 (OR=9. 354 95%CI=2.3541. 95CI23541 95CI23 95%CI=2. 413 41. 95%CI=2.35-41. 922 95%CI=1.9225. 95CI19225 95CI19 250 25. 95%CI=1.92-25. OR=3. OR3 (OR=3. 271 95%CI=1.2712 95CI1271 95CI12 95%CI=1.27-12 ≥ 572 57.2± (52 P=0 (P=0 P<0.0 (P<0.00 OR=1 (OR=1 95%CI=1.021 95CI1 95%CI=1 95%CI=1.02-1 OR=4 (OR=4 95%CI=1.0515 95CI1051 95%CI=1.05-15 OR=7 (OR=7 95%CI=1.7134 95CI1713 95%CI=1.71-34 OR=6 (OR=6 95%CI=1.3130 95CI1313 95%CI=1.31-30 OR=9 (OR=9 95%CI=2.3541 95CI2354 95CI2 95%CI=2 95%CI=2.35-41 95%CI=1.9225 95CI1922 95%CI=1.92-25 OR=3 (OR=3 95%CI=1.271 95%CI=1.27-1 57.2 (5 P= (P= P<0. (P<0.0 OR= (OR= 95CI 95%CI= 95%CI=1.02- 95%CI=1.051 95%CI=1.05-1 95%CI=1.713 95%CI=1.71-3 95%CI=1.313 95%CI=1.31-3 95%CI=2.354 95%CI=2.35-4 95%CI=1.922 95%CI=1.92-2 95%CI=1.27- 57. ( (P P<0 (P<0. (OR 95%CI 95%CI=1.05- 95%CI=1.71- 95%CI=1.31- 95%CI=2.35- 95%CI=1.92- P< (P<0 (P<
RESUMO Contexto: Aproximadamente 71 milhões de pessoas estão infectadas pelo vírus da hepatite C em todo o mundo. Um número significativo desses indivíduos desenvolverá cirrose hepática e/ou carcinoma hepatocelular. Além do fígado, há evidências científicas que associam doenças cardiovasculares e hepatite C crônica; no entanto, os mecanismos biológicos implicados na ocorrência dessas condições ainda não foram completamente esclarecidos. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre histologia hepática, comorbidades clínicas e perfil lipídico em pacientes com hepatite C crônica. Investigar associações entre histologia hepática e parâmetros demográficos, nutricionais, bioquímicos e virológicos. Métodos: Oitenta e cinco pacientes com hepatite C crônica foram prospectivamente submetidos à biópsia hepática. Biópsias hepáticas foram obtidas de cada paciente por via percutânea com agulha de Menghini. A fibrose foi avaliada de acordo com o sistema de pontuação METAVIR, como segue: F0, sem fibrose; F1, expansão portal fibrosa; F2, alargamento portal fibroso com poucos septos; F3, fibrose em ponte com distorção arquitetônica; e F4, cirrose hepática. A atividade foi classificada com base no grau de infiltração de linfócitos e necrose de hepatócitos, de A0 a A3. O diagnóstico da doença hepática foi baseado em métodos clínicos, bioquímicos, histológicos e radiológicos. Os dados foram analisados por modelos de regressão logística. Resultados: Neste estudo transversal, realizado em um ambulatório do hospital universitário, foram incluídos 85 pacientes que tinham média de idade de 57,2±10,7 anos, sendo 45 (52,9%) do sexo feminino. Havia 10 pacientes com cirrose. Os pacientes com METAVIR F3-F4 eram significativamente mais velhos (P=0,02) e tinham níveis mais elevados de ALT (P=0,0006), AST (P<0,0001), γ-GT (P=0,03) e bilirrubina (P=0,001) e, maior tempo de protrombina do que pacientes com escore F0-F2. Os níveis de albumina (P=0,01) foram significativamente mais baixos naqueles classificados como METAVIR F3-F4. Idade (OR=1,09; IC95%=1,02-1,16; P=0,02), esteatose (OR=4,03; IC95%=1,05-15,45; P=0,04) e HDL-C <60 mg/dL (OR=7,67; 95%IC=1,71-34,49; P=0,008) foram independentemente associados à fibrose. Hipertensão (OR=6,36; IC95%=1,31-30,85; P=0,02) e HDL-C <60 mg/dL (OR=9,85; IC95%=2,35-41,39; P=0,002) foram independentemente associados à atividade necroinflamatória. Hipertensão (OR=6,94; IC 95%=1,92-25,05; P=0,003) e HDL-C <60 mg/dL (OR=3,94; IC95%=1,27-12,3; P=0,02) foram associados à atividade inflamatória de interface. Os triglicerídeos (TG >150 mg/dL) permaneceram associados à atividade inflamatória lobular. Conclusão: Níveis de coleterol HDL <60 mg/dL foram independentemente associados à atividade necroinflamatória na hepatite C crônica. Pacientes com hipertensão têm risco aumentado de desenvolver atividade necroinflamatória. Contexto 7 mundo eou ou hepatocelular fígado entanto esclarecidos Objetivo demográficos nutricionais virológicos Métodos Menghini segue F0 F F1 fibrosa F2 septos F3 arquitetônica F4 hepatócitos A3 clínicos radiológicos logística Resultados transversal universitário 8 572107 57 2 57,2±10, anos 4 52,9% 529 52 9 (52,9% feminino 1 F3F4 FF F3-F P=0,02 P002 P 0 02 (P=0,02 P=0,0006, P00006 P=0,0006 , 0006 (P=0,0006) P<0,0001, P00001 P<0,0001 0001 (P<0,0001) γGT γ GT P=0,03 P003 03 (P=0,03 P=0,001 P0001 001 (P=0,001 F0F2. F0F2 F2. F0-F2 P=0,01 P001 01 (P=0,01 F3F4. F4. OR=1,09 OR109 OR 09 (OR=1,09 IC95%=1,021,16 IC95102116 IC95%=1,02 1,16 IC95 16 IC95%=1,02-1,16 P=0,02, OR=4,03 OR403 (OR=4,03 IC95%=1,0515,45 IC951051545 IC95%=1,05 15,45 05 15 IC95%=1,05-15,45 P=0,04 P004 04 HDLC 60 <6 mgdL mg dL OR=7,67 OR767 67 (OR=7,67 95%IC=1,7134,49 95IC1713449 95%IC=1,71 34,49 95 34 49 95%IC=1,71-34,49 P=0,008 P0008 008 OR=6,36 OR636 6 36 (OR=6,36 IC95%=1,3130,85 IC951313085 IC95%=1,31 30,85 31 30 IC95%=1,31-30,85 OR=9,85 OR985 (OR=9,85 IC95%=2,3541,39 IC952354139 IC95%=2,35 41,39 35 41 39 IC95%=2,35-41,39 P=0,002 P0002 002 OR=6,94 OR694 94 (OR=6,94 95%=1,9225,05 951922505 95%=1,92 25,05 92 25 95%=1,92-25,05 P=0,003 P0003 003 OR=3,94 OR394 3 (OR=3,94 IC95%=1,2712,3 IC95127123 IC95%=1,27 12,3 27 12 IC95%=1,27-12,3 interface TG 150 >15 lobular Conclusão 57210 5 57,2±10 52,9 (52,9 F3F P=0,0 P00 (P=0,0 P0000 P=0,000 000 (P=0,0006 P<0,000 (P<0,0001 P=0,00 P000 00 (P=0,00 F0F F0-F OR=1,0 OR10 (OR=1,0 021 IC95%=1,021,1 IC9510211 IC95102 IC95%=1,0 116 1,1 IC9 IC95%=1,02-1,1 OR=4,0 OR40 (OR=4,0 0515 IC95%=1,0515,4 IC95105154 IC95105 1545 15,4 IC95%=1,05-15,4 < OR=7,6 OR76 (OR=7,6 7134 95%IC=1,7134,4 95IC171344 95IC171 95%IC=1,7 3449 34,4 95%IC=1,71-34,4 OR=6,3 OR63 (OR=6,3 3130 IC95%=1,3130,8 IC95131308 IC95131 IC95%=1,3 3085 30,8 IC95%=1,31-30,8 OR=9,8 OR98 (OR=9,8 3541 IC95%=2,3541,3 IC95235413 IC95235 IC95%=2,3 4139 41,3 IC95%=2,35-41,3 OR=6,9 OR69 (OR=6,9 9225 95%=1,9225,0 95192250 95192 95%=1,9 2505 25,0 95%=1,92-25,0 OR=3,9 OR39 (OR=3,9 2712 IC95%=1,2712, IC9512712 IC95127 IC95%=1,2 123 12, IC95%=1,27-12, >1 5721 57,2±1 52, (52, P=0, P0 (P=0, (P=0,000 P<0,00 (P<0,000 OR=1, OR1 (OR=1, IC95%=1,021, IC951021 IC9510 IC95%=1, 11 1, IC95%=1,02-1, OR=4, OR4 (OR=4, 051 IC95%=1,0515, IC9510515 154 15, IC95%=1,05-15, OR=7, OR7 (OR=7, 713 95%IC=1,7134, 95IC17134 95IC17 95%IC=1, 344 34, 95%IC=1,71-34, OR=6, OR6 (OR=6, 313 IC95%=1,3130, IC9513130 IC9513 308 30, IC95%=1,31-30, OR=9, OR9 (OR=9, 354 IC95%=2,3541, IC9523541 IC9523 IC95%=2, 413 41, IC95%=2,35-41, 922 95%=1,9225, 9519225 9519 95%=1, 250 25, 95%=1,92-25, OR=3, OR3 (OR=3, 271 IC95%=1,2712 IC951271 IC9512 IC95%=1,27-12 > 572 57,2± (52 P=0 (P=0 P<0,0 (P<0,00 OR=1 (OR=1 IC95%=1,021 IC951 IC95%=1 IC95%=1,02-1 OR=4 (OR=4 IC95%=1,0515 IC951051 IC95%=1,05-15 OR=7 (OR=7 95%IC=1,7134 95IC1713 95IC1 95%IC=1 95%IC=1,71-34 OR=6 (OR=6 IC95%=1,3130 IC951313 IC95%=1,31-30 OR=9 (OR=9 IC95%=2,3541 IC952354 IC952 IC95%=2 IC95%=2,35-41 95%=1,9225 951922 951 95%=1 95%=1,92-25 OR=3 (OR=3 IC95%=1,271 IC95%=1,27-1 57,2 (5 P= (P= P<0, (P<0,0 OR= (OR= IC95%= IC95%=1,02- IC95%=1,051 IC95%=1,05-1 95%IC=1,713 95IC 95%IC= 95%IC=1,71-3 IC95%=1,313 IC95%=1,31-3 IC95%=2,354 IC95%=2,35-4 95%=1,922 95%= 95%=1,92-2 IC95%=1,27- 57, ( (P P<0 (P<0, (OR IC95% IC95%=1,05- 95%IC 95%IC=1,71- IC95%=1,31- IC95%=2,35- 95% 95%=1,92- P< (P<0 (P<