Abstract Peripheral Arterial Obstructive Disease (PAOD) may course with severe ischemic pain. In low-income health systems, patients may wait for vascular surgery. Continuous peripheral nerve block may be an effective alternative, with fewer side effects, in this scenario. A female patient with acute arterial obstruction of upper limb evolving with severe ischemic pain. She was submitted to a continuous infraclavicular brachial plexus block, which led to a satisfying pain control until the amputation surgery. The early postoperative period evolved with good pain management. This approach may be effective and safe as an analgesia option for ischemic pain.

SUMMARY: Sewage sludge biosolids, product from urban sewage treatment, are rich in organic matter and nutrients with potential use in forestry. This work aimed at evaluating the growth of Ceiba speciosa, Peltophorum dubium and Sapindus saponaria and the concentration of nutrients and heavy metals in different soil layers under the application of biosolids as planting fertilizer. Two sequential experiments were set up. First in a pot, to determine the best dose for the growth of C. speciosa, using 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 and 6.4 liters of biosolids per pit and the absolute witness. Six months after the planting of C. speciosa seedlings, it was concluded that the best dose provided was around 3.9 liters. The field experiment was carried out using the three tree species with witness treatment or application of 3.0 liters of biosolids per pit, at the time of planting. Growth evaluations occurred at 4 and 12 months after planting and it was observed that C. speciosa and P. dubium responded to the application of biosolids. At 12 months, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and heavy metals contents were evaluated in different layers of the soil. It was found that the pits that received biosolids presented significantly higher values for phosphorus (except 75-100 cm soil layer) and heavy metals. There was no leaching of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil layers. Heavy metals contents were below the maximum values for levels in the soil profile stipulated by legislation.

RESUMEN: El biosólido de lodos de depuradora, producto del tratamiento de aguas residuales urbanas, es un material rico en materia orgánica y nutrientes con potencial uso en silvicultura. El objetivo fue evaluar el crecimiento de Ceiba speciosa, Peltophorum dubium y Sapindus saponaria y la concentración de nutrientes y metales pesados en diferentes capas del suelo con aplicación de biosólido como fertilizante al plantar. Se establecieron dos experimentos secuenciales. Primero, en maceta para determinar la mejor dosis para el crecimiento de C. speciosa (0,8, 1,6, 3,2 y 6,4 litros de biosólidos por taza) y el testigo absoluto. Seis meses después de plantar C. speciosa se concluyó que la mejor dosis fue de alrededor de 3,9 litros. Segundo, el experimento de campo utilizó las tres especies de árboles con tratamiento testigo o aplicación de 3.0 litros de biosólidos por hoyo, al momento de plantar. Después de 4 y 12 meses de plantar, C. speciosa y P. dubium respondieron a la aplicación de biosólidos. A los 12 meses fueron evaluados los contenidos de nitrógeno, fósforo, potasio y metales pesados en diferentes capas del suelo. Se encontró que las tazas que recibieron biosólidos tenían valores de fósforo significativamente mayores (excepto la capa de suelo de 75-100 cm) y metales pesados. No hubo lixiviación de nitrógeno, fósforo ni potasio en las capas del suelo. Los contenidos de metales pesados en el perfil del suelo estuvieron por debajo de los valores máximos estipulados por la legislación.

Resumo Um dos problemas encontrados na formação de povoamentos visando à restauração florestal é a qualidade das mudas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes volumes de tubetes para a produção de mudas de Ceiba speciosa, utilizando o biossólido como substrato. O experimento constou da fase de produção das mudas e da avaliação do desempenho dessas no campo. Os tratamentos utilizados foram os tubetes de 55, 110, 180 e 280 cm3. Ambas as fases do experimento foram instaladas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo a fase de viveiro composta por quatro repetições de 12 plantas, e a fase de campo composta por 20 mudas de cada tratamento, com altura e diâmetro mais próximos da média da última avaliação realizada no viveiro. Utilizando-se o biossólido como principal componente do substrato para a produção das mudas de Ceiba speciosa, e para as condições de sítio em que foi implantado o povoamento florestal, recomenda-se o uso do tubete de 110 cm3, pois neste ocorreu crescimento similar ao das plantas nos tubetes de maior volume, resultando em menor volume de substrato, menor área ocupada no viveiro e maior facilidade de transporte e manejo.

Abstract One of the problems encountered in the formation of stands aimed at forest restoration is the quality of the seedlings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the different volumes of tubes for the seedling production of Ceiba speciosa, using biosolids as a substrate. The experiment consisted of the seedlings production stage and evaluation of the performance in the field. The treatments were the tubes of 55, 110, 180 and 280 cm3. Both phases of this experiment were installed in a completely randomized design, with the stage of seedling production composed by four repetitions of 12 plants, and field stage composed by 20 seedlings from each treatment, with height and diameter closer to the average for the last assessment carried out in the nursery. Using biosolids as the main component of the substrate for the production of Ceiba speciosa seedlings, and for the site conditions where the forest stand was implanted, it is recommended to use the 110 cm3 tube, because in this tube occurred growth similar to plants in the tubes of larger volumes, resulting in lower volume of substrate, smaller area occupied in the seed-plot and greater ease of transport and handling.