Abstract INTRODUCTION Dengue has affected Rio de Janeiro City since the 1980s. The sequential Zika and chikungunya virus introductions during 2015 aggravated the health scenario, with 97,241 cases of arboviral diseases reported in 2015-2016, some with neurological disorders. METHODS Arbovirus-related neurologic cases were descriptively analyzed, including neurological syndromes and laboratory results. RESULTS In total, 112 cases with non-congenital neurologic manifestations (Guillain-Barré syndrome, 64.3%; meningoencephalitis, 24.1%; acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis, 8%) were arbovirus-related; 43.7% were laboratory-confirmed, of which 57.1% were chikungunya-positive. CONCLUSIONS Emerging arbovirus infections brought opportunities to study atypical, severe manifestations. Surveillance responses optimized case identification and better clinical approaches.

A randomized, double-blinded study evaluating the immunogenicity, safety and consistency of production of a combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine entirely produced in Brazil by Bio-Manguinhos and Instituto Butantan (DTP/Hib-BM) was undertaken. The reference vaccine had the same DTP vaccine but the Hib component was produced using purified materials supplied by GlaxoSmithKline (DTP/Hib-GSK), which is registered and has supplied the Brazilian National Immunization Program for over more than five years. One thousand infants were recruited for the study and received vaccinations at two, four and six months of age. With respect to immunogenicity, the vaccination protocol was followed in 95.6% and 98.4% of infants in the DTP/Hib-BM and DTP/Hib-GSK groups, respectively. For the Hib component of the study, there was 100% seroprotection (>0.15 µg/mL) with all three lots of DTP/Hib-BM and DTP/Hib-GSK. The geometric mean titer (GMT) was 9.3 µg/mL, 10.3 µg/mL and 10.3 µg/mL for lots 1, 2 and 3 of DTP/Hib-BM, respectively, and the GMT was 11.3 g/mL for DTP/Hib-GSK. For diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis, seroprotection was 99.7%, 100% and 99.9%, respectively, for DTP/Hib-BM, three lots altogether and 99.2%, 100% and 100% for DTP/Hib-GSK. GMTs were similar across all lots and vaccines. Adverse events rates were comparable among the vaccine groups. The Brazilian DTP/Hib vaccine demonstrated an immunogenicity and reactogenicity profile similar to that of the reference vaccine.

A Doença Meningocócica tem sido um sério problema de saúde pública no município do Rio de Janeiro nos últimos 10 anos, com altas taxas de incidência em crianças de baixa idade, elevada letalidade e predomínio do sorogrupo B. Em dezembro de 1994 foi realizada a segunda campanha de vacinação anti-meningocócica contra os sorogrupos B e C, visando à imunização de crianças de 6 meses a 13 anos de idade. Foram vacinadas com duas doses cerca de 950 mil crianças. A vacina utilizada foi a produzida pelo Instituto Finlay de Cuba. Em 1995 foi observada uma modificação no comportamento da doença, quando passou a predominar o sorogrupo C e aumentou a incidência global da doença, particularmente entre os menores de 1 ano, adolescentes e adultos jovens. Nos grupos etários vacinados, a incidência foi menor que no ano de 1994, em função da diminuição do sorogrupo B. Não foram observadas modificações importantes no comportamento da letalidade.

Meningococcal disease has been a serious public health problem in the city of Rio de Janeiro, with high attack rates among younger children, high case fatality rates, and predominance of serogroup B. In December 1994 the second vaccination drive against B and C meningococcal disease was performed with the objective of protecting children ages 6 months to 13 years. A total of 950 thousand children received 2 doses of vaccine produced by the Finlay Institute of Cuba. In 1995 a change was observed in the disease pattern with a predominance of serogroup C and a higher global attack rate, particularly among children under 1 year of age, teenagers, and young adults. In vaccinated groups the attack rate was lower than in 1994, due to a decrease in serogroup B. No change was observed in the case fatality rate.

A Doença Meningocócica tem sido um sério problema de saúde pública no município do Rio de Janeiro nos últimos 10 anos, com altas taxas de incidência em crianças de baixa idade, elevada letalidade e predomínio do sorogrupo B. Em dezembro de 1994 foi realizada a segunda campanha de vacinação anti-meningocócica contra os sorogrupos B e C, visando à imunização de crianças de 6 meses a 13 anos de idade. Foram vacinadas com duas doses cerca de 950 mil crianças. A vacina utilizada foi a produzida pelo Instituto Finlay de Cuba. Em 1995 foi observada uma modificação no comportamento da doença, quando passou a predominar o sorogrupo C e aumentou a incidência global da doença, particularmente entre os menores de 1 ano, adolescentes e adultos jovens. Nos grupos etários vacinados, a incidência foi menor que no ano de 1994, em função da diminuição do sorogrupo B. Não foram observadas modificações importantes no comportamento da letalidade.

Meningococcal disease has been a serious public health problem in the city of Rio de Janeiro, with high attack rates among younger children, high case fatality rates, and predominance of serogroup B. In December 1994 the second vaccination drive against B and C meningococcal disease was performed with the objective of protecting children ages 6 months to 13 years. A total of 950 thousand children received 2 doses of vaccine produced by the Finlay Institute of Cuba. In 1995 a change was observed in the disease pattern with a predominance of serogroup C and a higher global attack rate, particularly among children under 1 year of age, teenagers, and young adults. In vaccinated groups the attack rate was lower than in 1994, due to a decrease in serogroup B. No change was observed in the case fatality rate.