Resumen En este artículo discutimos los usos de la categoría “acoso” empleada por jóvenes estudiantes de escuelas públicas de enseñanza media para dar sentido a la experiencia de violencia y discriminación de género ocurridas dentro y fuera de la escuela. El análisis se basa en registros de trabajo en campo producidos en el ámbito de una investigación multicéntrica y de métodos mixtos, realizada en nueve escuelas de São Paulo (SP/BR). El acoso parece como una categoría polisémica que, al nombrar la violencia, ayuda en el enfrentamiento de las jerarquías y desigualdades de género y generación. Concluimos que las jóvenes han puesto en tela de juicio normativas y actitudes que alimentan las desigualdades de género de las escuelas, además de denunciar el silenciamiento o la inadecuación de la institución en el enfrentamiento del problema, lo que posibilita la identificación de convergencias con una nueva sensibilidad alrededor de la violencia contra mujeres que los discursos feministas globalizados hicieron surgir. “acoso escuela mixtos SP/BR. SPBR SP/BR . SP BR (SP/BR) generación problema surgir (SP/BR

Abstract In this article, we discuss uses of “harassment” as a category employed by young students from public high schools to make sense of violence and gender discrimination experiences that occur in and out of school. The analysis is based on fieldwork records produced within the scope of a multicenter, mixed-methods research carried out in nine schools located in São Paulo. Harassment appears as a polysemic category that, by naming violence, helps to face gender and generation hierarchies and inequalities. We infer that the young girls have questioned norms and attitudes that feed gender inequalities in schools; in addition, they have denounced the silence or inadequacy of the institution in facing the problem. This enables to identify convergences with a new sensibility regarding violence against women that globalized feminist discourses have brought to the surface. article harassment “harassment school multicenter mixedmethods mixed methods Paulo addition problem surface

Neste artigo, discutimos os usos da categoria “assédio” empregada por jovens estudantes de escolas públicas de Ensino Médio para dar sentido a experiências de violência e discriminação de gênero ocorridas dentro e fora da escola. A análise baseia-se em registros de trabalho de campo produzidos no âmbito de uma pesquisa multicêntrica e de métodos mistos, realizada em nove escolas de São Paulo (SP/BR). O assédio aparece como uma categoria polissêmica que, ao nomear a violência, ajuda no enfrentamento das hierarquias e desigualdades de gênero e geração. Depreendemos que as jovens têm questionado normativas e atitudes que alimentam as desigualdades de gênero nas escolas, além de denunciarem o silenciamento ou inadequação da instituição no enfrentamento do problema, o que possibilita identificar convergências com uma nova sensibilidade em torno da violência contra mulheres que os discursos feministas globalizados fizeram emergir. artigo “assédio escola baseiase baseia se mistos SP/BR. SPBR SP/BR . SP BR (SP/BR) geração problema emergir (SP/BR

Resumen Este artículo es fruto de investigación desenvuelta en una escuela secundaria pública y discute cómo los marcadores de género y de orientación sexual atraviesan las experiencias de coqueteo en esta institución. Han sido analizados materiales producidos a partir de entrevistas, ruedas de conversación y observaciones de inspiración etnográfica. La temática surge a partir del trabajo de campo cuando los jóvenes apuntan las relaciones de coqueteo como práctica y tema recurrente entre los estudiantes. Siendo la escuela un importante espacio de socialización juvenil, identificamos que para relaciones de coqueteo heterosexuales parece haber un rotero que reitera las expectativas y las normas de género. Ya entre personas del mismo género, el coqueteo es marcado por distintas mediaciones para que puedan vivir sus relaciones afectivo-sexuales, además de necesitaren lidiar con experiencias de discriminación. institución entrevistas etnográfica estudiantes juvenil afectivosexuales, afectivosexuales afectivo sexuales, sexuales afectivo-sexuales discriminación

Abstract This article is the result of research developed in a public high school and discusses how the markers of gender and sexual orientation cross the experiences of flirting in this institution. It analyzes materials from interviews, conversation circles and observations inspired on ethnographic methods. The theme arises from fieldwork when young people point to flirting relationships as a practice and a recurring issue among students. As the school is an important space for youth socialization, we identified that for heterosexual flirting relationships there seems to be a script that reiterates gender expectations and norms. In contrast, among people of the same gender, flirting is marked by different assemblages so they can experience affective-sexual relationships, in addition they have to deal with experiences of discrimination. institution interviews methods students socialization norms contrast affectivesexual affective discrimination

Resumo Esse artigo é fruto de pesquisa desenvolvida em uma escola pública de ensino médio e discute como os marcadores de gênero e orientação sexual atravessam as experiências de paquera nessa instituição. Foram analisados materiais produzidos a partir de entrevistas, rodas de conversa e observações de inspiração etnográfica. A temática surge a partir do trabalho de campo quando os/as jovens apontam as relações de paquera como prática e assunto recorrente entre os/as estudantes. Sendo a escola um importante espaço de socialização juvenil, identificamos que para relações de paquera heterossexuais parece haver um roteiro que reitera as expectativas e normas de gênero. Já entre pessoas do mesmo gênero, a paquera é marcada por distintos agenciamentos para que possam vivenciar suas relações afetivo-sexuais, além de terem que lidar com experiências de discriminação. instituição entrevistas etnográfica osas estudantes juvenil afetivosexuais, afetivosexuais afetivo sexuais, sexuais afetivo-sexuais discriminação

Resumen En este artículo discutimos los usos de la categoría “acoso” empleada por jóvenes estudiantes de escuelas públicas de enseñanza media para dar sentido a la experiencia de violencia y discriminación de género ocurridas dentro y fuera de la escuela. El análisis se basa en registros de trabajo en campo producidos en el ámbito de una investigación multicéntrica y de métodos mixtos, realizada en nueve escuelas de São Paulo (SP/BR). El acoso parece como una categoría polisémica que, al nombrar la violencia, ayuda en el enfrentamiento de las jerarquías y desigualdades de género y generación. Concluimos que las jóvenes han puesto en tela de juicio normativas y actitudes que alimentan las desigualdades de género de las escuelas, además de denunciar el silenciamiento o la inadecuación de la institución en el enfrentamiento del problema, lo que posibilita la identificación de convergencias con una nueva sensibilidad alrededor de la violencia contra mujeres que los discursos feministas globalizados hicieron surgir.

Abstract In this article, we discuss uses of “harassment” as a category employed by young students from public high schools to make sense of violence and gender discrimination experiences that occur in and out of school. The analysis is based on fieldwork records produced within the scope of a multicenter, mixed-methods research carried out in nine schools located in São Paulo. Harassment appears as a polysemic category that, by naming violence, helps to face gender and generation hierarchies and inequalities. We infer that the young girls have questioned norms and attitudes that feed gender inequalities in schools; in addition, they have denounced the silence or inadequacy of the institution in facing the problem. This enables to identify convergences with a new sensibility regarding violence against women that globalized feminist discourses have brought to the surface.

Neste artigo, discutimos os usos da categoria “assédio” empregada por jovens estudantes de escolas públicas de Ensino Médio para dar sentido a experiências de violência e discriminação de gênero ocorridas dentro e fora da escola. A análise baseia-se em registros de trabalho de campo produzidos no âmbito de uma pesquisa multicêntrica e de métodos mistos, realizada em nove escolas de São Paulo (SP/BR). O assédio aparece como uma categoria polissêmica que, ao nomear a violência, ajuda no enfrentamento das hierarquias e desigualdades de gênero e geração. Depreendemos que as jovens têm questionado normativas e atitudes que alimentam as desigualdades de gênero nas escolas, além de denunciarem o silenciamento ou inadequação da instituição no enfrentamento do problema, o que possibilita identificar convergências com uma nova sensibilidade em torno da violência contra mulheres que os discursos feministas globalizados fizeram emergir.

Resumo O artigo é fruto de pesquisas realizadas entre os anos de 2010 e 2018 sobre os argumentos acionados em controvérsias públicas que vêm permeando o cenário político brasileiro, suscitadas por parlamentares ligados às bancadas religiosas. A reflexão volta seu olhar para o pânico moral criado em torno do Projeto Escola sem Homofobia, chamado de “kit gay” por seus detratores, a partir de 2011. Em seguida, acompanha os intensos debates desde 2013 - com o acionamento da terminologia “ideologia de gênero” - em torno dos planos de educação no país. Mais recentemente, acompanha o processo eleitoral para a Presidência da República, no qual o “kit gay” foi um dos principais artefatos da campanha do presidente eleito. Essas controvérsias se articulam em um cenário de fortalecimento de conservadorismos, cujos pontos de interseção são o confronto de moralidades em relação ao gênero e à sexualidade e a mobilização do discurso de defesa das crianças e dos adolescentes. A hipótese, assim, é que a infância e a adolescência se tornam pontos estratégicos para refletir sobre os processos de transformação por que passa a política sexual brasileira.

Abstract The current article results from research carried out between 2010 and 2018 on the arguments raised in public controversies that have pervaded the Brazilian political scene in recent years, examining the discourse of “conservative” religious actors, especially parliamentarians adopting a religious rhetoric. The author scrutinizes the moral panic created around the School without Homophobia Project, dubbed by its detractors “Gay Kit”, from 2011 onwards; she then analyses the intense debates (beginning in 2013) revolving around education plans all over the country - debates in which the term “gender ideology” has been growingly used. Finally, the author examines the 2018 Brazilian presidential election, in which the “Gay Kit” was one of the main topics of the president-elect’s campaign. All such controversies, which arise in a scenario of strengthened “conservatism”, share two characteristics. First, the confrontation of different moralities related to gender and sexuality. Secondly, the discourse that depicts children and adolescents as having to be “protected”. The author then hypothesizes that childhood and adolescence have become strategic features to think over the transformation that the Brazilian sexual policy is currently going through.

Resumen El artículo es el resultado de una investigación realizada entre 2010 y 2018 sobre los argumentos desencadenados en polémicas públicas que han impregnado el escenario político brasileño, originadas por parlamentarios vinculados a fracciones religiosas. La reflexión vuelve su mirada hacia el pánico moral creado alrededor del Proyecto Escuela sin Homofobia, llamado “kit gay” por sus detractores, desde 2011. Luego se acompañan los intensos debates de 2013 - con la terminología activada “Ideología de género”: en torno a los planes de educación en el país. Más recientemente, acompañó el proceso electoral para la presidencia de la República, donde el “kit gay” fue uno de los principales artefactos de la campaña del presidente electo. Esas polémicas se articulan en un escenario de fortalecimiento del conservadurismo, cuyos puntos de intersección son la confrontación de moralidades en relación con el género y la sexualidad, y la movilización del discurso de defensa de las niñas, niños y adolescentes. La hipótesis, por lo tanto, es que la infancia y la adolescencia se convierten en puntos estratégicos para reflexionar sobre los procesos de transformación que experimenta la política sexual brasileña.

Abstract The development of opportunistic infections due to poor denture hygiene conditions justified the search for effective hygiene protocols for controlling denture biofilm. Objective This study evaluated Ricinus communis and sodium hypochlorite solutions in terms of biofilm removal ability, remission of candidiasis, antimicrobial activity, and participant satisfaction. Material and Methods It was conducted a controlled clinical trial, randomized, double-blind, and crossover. Sixty-four denture wearers with (n=24) and without candidiasis (n=40) were instructed to brush (3 times/day) and immerse their dentures (20 min/day) in different storage solutions (S1 / S2: 0.25% / 0.5% sodium hypochlorite; S3: 10% R. communis; S4: Saline).The trial period for each solution was seven days and a washout period of seven days was used before starting the use of another solution. The variables were analyzed at baseline and after each trial period. The biofilm of inner surfaces of maxillary dentures was disclosed, photographed, and total and dyed areas were measured (Image Tool software). The percentage of biofilm was calculated. Remission of candidiasis was assessed by visual scale and score were attributed. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by the DNA-Checkerboard hybridization method. Patient satisfaction was measured using a questionnaire. Results S1 (4.41±7.98%) and S2 (2.93±5.23%) were more effective then S3 (6.95±10.93%) in biofilm remotion(P<0.0001). All solutions were different from the control (11.07±11.99%). S3 was the most effective solution in remission of candidiasis (50%), followed by S1 (46%). Concerning antimicrobial action, S1/S2 were similar and resulted in the lowest microorganism mean count (P=0.04), followed by S3. No significant differences were found with patient’s satisfaction. Conclusions 10% R. communis and 0.25% sodium hypochlorite were effective in biofilm removal, causing remission of candidiasis and reducing the formation of microbial colonies in denture surfaces. All solutions were approved by patients.

Resumo Introdução: A lombalgia é uma das mais prevalentes disfunções musculoesqueléticas, porém pouco se sabe sobre os métodos posturais no seu tratamento. Objetivo: Analisar as alterações de força muscular, flexibilidade, função e dor em pacientes com lombalgia crônica submetidos à Reeducação Postural Global (RPG) e Isostretching. Métodos: Trinta e nove pacientes com idade entre 40 e 59 anos foram avaliados antes e após os protocolos de tratamento quanto à flexibilidade pelo teste Sentar e alcançar, força muscular, capacidade funcional pelo Questionário Rolland-Morris e intensidade da dor pela Escala Visual Analógica. A amostra foi aleatorizada em dois grupos (1-RPG; 2-Isostretching), sendo todos tratados individualmente através de 12 sessões de 45 minutos, duas vezes por semana. Resultados: Foi observada mediana de redução na intensidade da dor de 28 mm no grupo 1 e de 32 mm no grupo 2; e melhora mediana na capacidade funcional no grupo 1 de 8,5 pontos e de 7 pontos no grupo 2 (p < 0,05). Observou-se mediana de melhora de 7 repetições na força muscular extensora de tronco no grupo 1 e no grupo 2; na Dinamometria de 10 kg/f no grupo 1 e de 12,5 kg/f no grupo 2; de 10 repetições da força abdominal no grupo 1 e 4 repetições no grupo 2 (p < 0,05). No teste Sentar e Alcançar o grupo 1 obteve aumento médio de 3 cm e o grupo 2 de 1,6 cm (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Ambos os grupos foram efetivos na melhora de força muscular, flexibilidade, da dor e da capacidade funcional.

Abstract Introduction: Low back pain is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders, but little is known about postural methods in its treatment. Objective: Analyze changes in muscle strength, flexibility, function and pain in patients with chronic low back pain that underwent isostretching and global posture reeducation (GPR). Methods: Thirty-nine patients, aged between 40 and 59 years, were evaluated before and after treatment protocols regarding: flexibility for sit and reach, muscle strength, functional capacity using the Rolland-Morris Questionnaire, and intensity of pain by Visual Analog Scale. The sample was randomized into two groups (1-GPR; 2-Isostretching), all of whom were treated individually through 12 sessions lasting 45 minutes each, twice a week. Results: After treatment, median reduction in pain intensity of 28 mm in group 1 and 32 mm in group 2 was observed, and a median improvement in functional capacity in group 1 of 8.5 points and 7 points in group 2 (p < 0,05). A mean improvement of severn repetitions in trunk extensor muscle strength was observed in group 1 and in group 2; by dynamometry of 10 kg / f in group 1 and 12.5 kg / f in group 2 of ten abdominal repetitions strength in group 1 and four repetitions in group 2 (p < 0.05).In the Sit and Reach, Group 1 had a total mean increase of 3cm, and group 2 had 1.6cm (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Both groups were effective in improvement of muscle strength, flexibility, pain and functional capacity.

ABSTRACT To preserve oral health and to maintain the prosthetic devices, it is important not only to improve the properties of commonly known hygiene products, but also to investigate new materials with antimicrobial action. Objectives This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite (0.25% and 0.50%) and 10% Ricinus communis’ solutions against specific microorganisms. Material and Methods Sixty four maxillary complete denture wearers were instructed to brush their dentures three times a day and to soak them (20 min/day) in the solutions: SH1: 0.25% sodium hypochlorite; SH2: 0.5% sodium hypochlorite; RC: 10% R. communis oil; and C: 0.85% saline (control). The solutions were used for 7 days in a randomized sequence. Following each period of use, there was a 1-week washout period. Antimicrobial activity was determined by Colony Forming Units (CFU) counts of Streptococcus mutans, Candida spp., and gram-negative microorganisms. For collecting biofilm, the internal surface of maxillary dentures was brushed with saline solution, and biofilm suspension obtained. After dilutions (100 - 10-3), aliquots were seeded in Mitis salivarius, CHROMagar Candida®, and MacConkey agar for detecting S. mutans, Candida spp., or gram-negative microorganisms, respectively. After incubation, colonies were counted, and CFU/mL values were calculated. Then, transformation - log10 (CFU+1) - data were analyzed using the Friedman test (α=0.05). Results showed significant differences between the solutions (p<0.001). Results All three solutions showed antimicrobial activity against S. mutans. Against Candida spp., RC and SH1 solutions showed similar effect while SH2 showed superior activity. SH1 and SH2 solutions showed antimicrobial action against gram-negative microorganisms. The Candida species most frequently isolated was C. albicans, followed by C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. Conclusions The 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution was the most effective and might be used to control denture biofilm. C. albicans was the most frequently isolated Candida sp.

Abstract Aim: To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of brushing with a Ricinus communis-based experimental toothpaste on color stability and surface roughness of artificial teeth. Methods: Ninety artificial teeth (maxillary central incisors) in different shades, light and dark (NatusDent Triple Pressing, Dentbras) were used. Initial color (Spectrophotometer Easyshade, VITA) and surface roughness (Rugosimeter Surfcorder SE 1700, Kosakalab) readouts were performed. After baseline measurements, samples were assigned to 10 groups (n=9) according to the artificial tooth shade and type of toothpaste used during the mechanical brushing test (Pepsodent, MAVTEC): Sorriso Dentes Brancos - SDB, Colgate Luminous White - CLW (Colgate-Palmolive), Close up White Now - CWN (Unilever), Trihydral - THL (Perland Pharmacos) and Ricinus communis - RCE (Experimental). After 29,200 cycles of brushing, corresponding to 2 years of brushing by a healthy individual, new color and roughness readouts of the specimens were performed. Data (before and after the tests) were statistically analyzed (2-way repeated measures ANOVA, Tukey, p<0.05). Results: RCE toothpaste produced the greatest color stability for dark tooth shade and the second best color stability for light tooth shade. For surface roughness alteration, there was no difference (p>0.05) for any tested toothpaste regardless of tooth shade. Conclusions: The experimental Ricinus communis toothpaste did not cause color and surface roughness alteration in the artificial teeth, and it may be considered a suitable option for denture cleaning.

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the sorption, solubility and color change in two lining materials after 120 days of immersion in either sodium perborate or artificial saliva. Methods: Thirty disk-shaped specimens (15×3 mm) of each material, Mucopren(r) soft (MS) and Elite(r) soft (ES) were manufactured and divided into two groups. The specimens in the control group (CG, n=15) were stored in artificial saliva at 37 °C. The specimens in the experimental group (EG, n=15) were stored in artificial saliva at 37 °C and immersed in sodium perborate daily for 5 min. The analysis of sorption and solubility was based on the initial dry weight and on the wet and dry weights after immersion. The color was assessed with a portable spectrophotometer and the NBS system. ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05) were used to analyze color and sorption. The solubility was analyzed by KruskalWallis test (p<0.05). Results: Sorption was higher in the EG group (0.31±0.08) than in the control group (0.26±0.05), and higher in Elite(r) soft relining (0.34±0.07) than in Mucopren(r) soft (0.23±0.06). There was no interaction between the factors. Elite(r) Soft presented a higher solubility when immersed in artificial saliva (CG: 0.16±0.07 and EG: 0.13±0.06; p=0.00). Mucopren(r) soft showed no solubility in either treatment. Regarding the color changes, there was a significant difference between the groups (CG: 9.2±1.2 and EG: 9.9±1.2; p=0.025) but not between the materials (Mucopren(r) soft: 9.4±1.3 and Elite(r)soft: 9.7±1.0; p=0.34). Using the NBS system, we verified that both materials presented a high color change. Conclusions: The daily use of sodium perborate promoted changes in the liners' sorption and color. Elite(r) soft relining was more prone to changes than Mucopren(r) soft.

Este estudo avaliou a atividade antimicrobiana de um dentifrício experimental a base de Ricinus communis para higiene de prótese contra as seguintes cepas padrão: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans e Candida glabrata. O ensaio de concentração inibitória mínima foi realizado com R. communis em óleo puro a 2,5 % . Apenas a E. coli não foi inibida por R. communis, no entanto, a concentração mínima (0,0781%) foi eficaz contra os outros microrganismos. A partir destes resultados foram determinadas as concentrações dos dentifrícios experimentais: 1, 2, 5 e 10 %, as quais foram avaliadas pelo teste de difusão em Agar. Os dentifrícios comerciais Colgate, Trihydral e Corega Brite foram testados para fins comparativos. O diâmetro dos halos de inibição do crescimento bacteriano, em torno dos poços, foi medido (em mm) com uma régua sob uma luz refletida. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio de análise de variância e teste post-hoc de Tukey (α=0,05). Nem os dentifrícios comerciais nem os experimentais foram eficazes contra E. coli. Os dentifrícios experimentais contendo R. communis a 2 , 5 e 10 % apresentaram ação contra S. mutans, S. aureaus e E. faecallis. Os dentifrícios experimentais não mostraram atividade antimicrobiana contra Candida spp e E. coli em nenhuma das concentrações testadas . O Trihydral foi o mais eficaz. Comparando os dentifrícios experimentais, o produto com 10% de R. communis produziu os maiores halos de inibição do crescimento microbiano e apresentou atividade antimicrobiana.

This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of a Ricinus communis-based experimental dentifrice for denture hygiene against the following standard strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was performed with R. communis in pure oil at 2.5%. Only E. coli was not inhibited by R. communis, but the MIC (0.0781%) was effective against the other microorganisms. From these results it was determined the R. communis concentrations for experimental dentifrices, 1, 2, 5 and 10%, which were evaluated by the test-well diffusion in agar. The commercial dentifrices Colgate, Trihydral and Corega Brite were tested for comparative purposes. The diameter of the zones of bacterial growth inhibition produced around the wells was measured (in mm) with a rule under reflected light. Data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test (α=0.05). Neither the commercial nor the experimental dentifrices were effective against E. coli. The experimental dentifrices containing R. communis at 2, 5 and 10% presented action against S. mutans, S. aureaus and E. faecallis. The experimental dentifrices showed no antimicrobial activity against Candida spp. and E. coli in any of the tested concentrations. Trihydral was the most effective. Comparing the experimental dentifrices, the product with 10% R. communis produced the largest zones of bacterial growth inhibition and had similar antimicrobial activity to the commercial dentifrices, except against S. aureus.

OBJETIVO: comparar a resistência ao atrito entre braquetes autoligáveis e braquetes convencionais, variando o tipo de fio. MÉTODOS: foram usados braquetes incisivos Abzil Kirium Capelozza e Easy Clip. Uma ligadura elastomérica ou um fio ligável de 0,010" foi usado para ligação do fio no braquete Abzil. Três tipos de ligas de fio ortodôntico foram avaliadas: fio de NiTi de 0,016"; fio de NiTi de 0,016" x 0,022"; e fio de aço de 0,019" x 0,025". Dez observações foram feitas para cada combinação "braquete-fio-inclinação". Os braquetes foram montados em um aparelho especial, posicionados a 90° em relação ao fio, e testados em duas inclinações. O teste de atrito foi realizado na máquina universal de ensaios, a 5mm/min e com 10mm de deslocamento. As médias (em MPa) foram submetidas aos testes ANOVA e de Tukey, a 5% de significância. As superfícies dos fios e dos braquetes foram observadas no MEV. RESULTADOS: o braquete com amarrilhos metálicos (16,48 ± 8,31MPa) apresentou médias mais altas que o braquete com ligaduras elastoméricas (4,29 ± 2,16MPa) e o braquete autoligável (1,66 ± 1,57) (p < 0,05), os quais também diferiram entre si (p < 0,05). Quanto ao tipo do fio, o fio de aço de 0,019" x 0,025" (5,67 ± 3,97MPa) apresentou médias mais baixas (p < 0,05) que os fios de NiTi de 0,016" (8,26 ± 10,92MPa) e de 0,016" x 0,022" (8,51 ± 7,95), os quais não diferiram entre si (p > 0,05). Nenhuma diferença estatística (p > 0,05) foi encontrada entre inclinações de zero (7,76 ± 8,46) e cinco (7,19 ± 7,93) graus. Concluão: o atrito foi influenciado pelo tipo de braquete e sistemas de ligaduras. Diferentes aspectos morfológicos foram observados para os braquetes e fios estudados.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the frictional resistance between self-ligating and conventional brackets tied to different types of wire. MATERIAL AND METHODS : Abzil Kirium Capelozza (Pattern I) and Easy Clip (Roth prescription) incisor brackets were used. An elastomeric ligature or a ligating wire 0.10-in was used to ligate the wire to the Abzil bracket. Three types of orthodontic archwire alloys were assessed: 0.016-in NiTi wire, 0.016 x 0.021-in NiTi wire and 0.019 x 0.025-in steel wire. Ten observations were carried out for each bracket-archwire angulation combination. Brackets were mounted in a special appliance, positioned at 90 degrees in relation to the wire and tested in two angulations. Frictional test was performed in a Universal Testing Machine at 5 mm/min and 10 mm of displacement. The means (MPa) were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test set at 5% of significance. The surfaces of wires and brackets were observed at SEM. RESULTS: Steel-tied brackets (16.48 ± 8.31) showed higher means of frictional resistance than elastomeric-tied brackets (4.29 ± 2.16 ) and self-ligating brackets (1.66 ± 1.57) (P < 0.05), which also differed from each other (P < 0.05). As for the type of wire, 0.019 x 0.025-in steel wire (5.67 ± 3.97) showed lower means (P < 0.05) than 0.16-in NiTi wire (8.26 ± 10.92) and 0.016 x 0.021-in NiTi wire (8.51 ± 7.95), which did not differ from each other (P > 0.05). No statistical differences (P > 0.05) were found between zero (7.76 ± 8.46) and five-degree (7.19 ± 7.93) angulations. CONCLUSIONS: Friction was influenced not only by the type of bracket, but also by the ligating systems. Different morphological aspects were observed for the brackets and wires studied

Este artigo discute a relação teoria e prática nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Formação dos Professores da Educação Básica, no início da década de 2000. Tem como fonte de dados a legislação curricular que instituiu a reforma e os Projetos Pedagógicos de quatro cursos de licenciatura da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (Educação Física, Artes Visuais, Matemática e Ciências Sociais). A partir dos estudos de Michel Foucault sobre a governamentalidade e a ética e de estudos sobre as políticas educacionais e curriculares contemporâneas, mostra os efeitos da nova matriz curricular nos currículos dos cursos investigados. O estudo demonstra que a política oficial reforça o pragmatismo na educação de professores e problematiza a prática como tecnologia do eu docente implicada na formação de um professor prático-reflexivo, em uma visão reducionista das competências e habilidades docentes.

This work approaches the relation between theory and practice in the scope of the Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (national syllabus guidelines) for the Basic Education Teacher Training, in the early 2000s. It uses as source the syllabus guidelines that instituted the Reform and Educational Projects of four undergraduate courses of the Federal University of Pelotas (Physical Education, Visual Arts, Mathematics and Social Science). From the study of Michel Foucault concerning governmentality and ethics, and from studies on education and contemporary syllabus policies, this paper shows the effects of the new curriculum design in the investigated courses. It also shows that official policy reinforces pragmatism in teacher education and problematizes the practice as the selfteacher technology involved in the formation of a practical-reflective teacher, from a reductionist view of skills and teaching abilities.

Este artigo tem como objetivo debater a possibilidade de afirmação da sexualidade como um direito dos adolescentes, explorando como diferentes perspectivas em relação à sexualidade adolescente se articulam no discurso e atuação de atores do campo de garantia de direitos de crianças e adolescentes. A construção do ideário dos direitos sexuais e do paradigma das crianças e adolescentes como sujeitos de direitos, trazido pela mudança no marco legal brasileiro com a promulgação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), serve de base para um debate acerca da possibilidade de os adolescentes serem titulares de direitos sexuais. O trabalho se propõe contribuir para uma reflexão mais geral sobre o quanto a sexualidade adolescente coloca em xeque tanto o ideário dos adolescentes sujeitos de direitos como o processo de universalização dos chamados direitos sexuais.

This article aims to discuss the possibility of sexuality affirmation as an adolescents' right, exploring the way by which different perspectives towards adolescent sexuality articulate themselves in the discourse and acting of the actors involved in the assurance field of children and adolescents. The construction of the sexual rights ideology and the paradigm of children and adolescents as subjects of rights, brought by the shift in the Brazilian legal landmark with the promulgation of the Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA) serve as a basis for a debate concerning the possibility of adolescents being holders of sexual rights. The work intends to contribute to a more general reflection about how much adolescent sexuality calls into question both the ideology of adolescents as subjects of rights and the universalism process of the so-called sexual rights.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the color stability and hardness of two denture liners obtained by direct and indirect techniques, after thermal cycling and immersion in beverages that can cause staining of teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy disc-shaped specimens (18 x 3 mm) processed by direct (DT) and indirect techniques (IT) were made from Elite soft (n=35) and Kooliner (n=35) denture liners. For each material and technique, 10 specimens were subjected to thermal cycling (3,000 cycles) and 25 specimens were stored in water, coffee, tea, soda and red wine for 36 days. The values of color change, Shore A hardness (Elite soft) and Knoop hardness (Kooliner) were obtained. The data were subjected to ANOVA, Tukey's multiple-comparison test, and Kruskal-Wallis test (P<0.05). RESULTS: The thermal cycling promoted a decrease on hardness of Kooliner regardless of the technique used (Initial: 9.09± 1.61; Thermal cycling: 7.77± 1.47) and promoted an increase in the hardness in the DT for Elite Soft (Initial: 40.63± 1.07; Thermal cycling: 43.53± 1.03); hardness of Kooliner (DT: 8.76± 0.95; IT: 7.70± 1.62) and Elite Soft (DT: 42.75± 1.54; IT=39.30± 2.31) from the DT suffered an increase after the immersion in the beverages. The thermal cycling promoted color change only for Kooliner in the IT. Immersion in the beverages did not promote color change for Elite in both techniques. The control group of the DT of Kooliner showed a significant color change. Wine and coffee produced the greatest color change in the DT only for Elite Soft when compared to the other beverages. CONCLUSION: The three variation factors promoted alteration on hardness and color of the tested denture lining materials.