Abstract Paper aims To propose a framework to support online simulation studies considering facilitated modeling and concepts of modern industry context, such as agility and flexibility. Originality Since the frameworks in the literature deal with simulation projects focused on healthcare and face-to-face meetings, the present work innovates by offering an agile and flexible guide for simulation projects in production systems, which also supports online interventions. Research method Action Research method was used to develop the framework. After its development, the FaMoSim (Facilitated Modeling Simulation) framework was applied in a real case to evaluate its applicability. Main findings In the application of FaMoSim, we achieved the framework's objectives: carrying out a faster (up to 3 months) and more flexible online modeling process; creating a simple computer model that does not require a complex data collection structure nor a specialist team; generating a better understanding of the process and assisting the stakeholders in identifying improvements. Implications for theory and practice Considering some challenges that prevent the expansion of DES studies, the framework assists in expanding DES studies in environments where it is not widely used. The framework supports online interventions, making it an interesting tool that can be used mainly in times of social distancing.

Abstract Paper aims This paper presents a comparative evaluation of different forecasting methods using two artificial neural networks (Multilayer Perceptron network and Radial Basis Functions Neural Network) and the Gaussian process regression. Originality Due to the current world scenario, solving economic problems has become extremely important. Artificial neural networks are one of the most promising tools to forecast economic trends and are being widely studied in economic analyses. Therefore, due to the concerns about the performance of different forecasting methods to solve economic problems, this study contributes with an example of the forecasting performance of artificial neural network models compared with Gaussian process regression using Nelson-Plosser and U.S. macroeconomic real-life data sets. Research method Two real-life data sets were used to evaluate the forecasting methods proposed in this paper. These data sets were normalised to values between zero and one. After that, the data training was performed and, once it was built, a model was used to generate forecasts. Thus, observations were made to verify how accurately the fitted model forecast the values. Main findings The results obtained from the study show that, for all forecasting horizons, multi-layer perceptron networks and Gaussian process regression models had the most satisfactory results. On the other hand, the radial basis functions neural network model was unsuitable for econometric data. Implications for theory and practice This study contributes to a discussion about artificial neural networks and Gaussian process regression models for econometric forecasting. Although artificial neural networks are mainly used in economic analyses, the results showed that not all models, such as radial basis functions neural networks, present good results. In addition, the regression of the Gaussian process showed promising results to forecast econometric data.

Abstract Paper aims Propose a continuous decision support system, a Digital Twin, integrating two widely used techniques, Discrete Event Simulation and forecasting methods. Originality With the evolution of the industry, there is a growing need for increasingly agile and assertive decision support systems. Also, familiar tools and techniques tend to change over time to suit such a scenario, supporting new researches on their use in the modern industry. Research method The proposed method allows the use of simulation, with the aid of forecasting methods, for continuous decision making, composing the so-called Digital Twin. The method was applied in a real process to validate it. Main findings The Moving Average, Single Exponential Smoothing, and Double Exponential Smoothing forecasting methods were used to supply the simulation model in order to test scenarios and guide decision making. The developed system enabled a virtual copy with a certain degree of intelligence and that provides answers to make the constant decision-making process more efficient. Implications for theory and practice The proposed method can be used for several operational problems like headcount, production planning and covers different levels of decision. Therefore, it can be used both on the shop floor and at managerial levels.

Abstract Paper aims To analyze service levels offered in a highway toll plaza and to test the influence of operational and human factors on manual customer service. Originality The methodology is an approach which involves systematic and efficient examination of multiple factors. This approach has been widely used in multiple areas; however, little research has been done on experiments in the area of transportation. Research method Design of Experiment (DOE) and Computation Modeling and Simulation. Main findings The association of the two methods allowed the development of a more robust empirical model of the customer service process. We have also verified that the human agent interacts and interferes in the manual payment process. Implications for theory and practice To contribute to the very important debate that surrounds service processes. The research showed that there are alternatives and improvements that can be applied and to serve as basis for transportation policies.

Resumo Durante a condução do projeto de simulação, analistas e clientes adquirem um maior conhecimento do que está sendo simulado, porém grande parte deste conhecimento é perdido, devido à ausência de formas de se retê-lo. Em boa parte, isto ocorre devido à falta de discussão com relação aos tipos de conhecimento presentes nas etapas de um projeto de simulação. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo de caso, a fim de conhecer como são conduzidos os projetos e identificar os tipos de conhecimento gerados durante sua realização, em empresas de consultoria em simulação. Para isto, foram escolhidas três empresas que trabalham com simulação, de pequeno, médio e grande porte. Como resultado, identificou-se que em cada etapa do projeto de simulação estão presentes os quatro tipos de conhecimento estabelecidos na espiral de Nonaka e Takeuchi. Estes resultados auxiliam os analistas na documentação e gestão do conhecimento e contribuem para evitar erros.

Abstract During a simulation project, modelers and customers acquire a greater knowledge of what is being simulated. However, much of this knowledge is lost due to the lack of ways to retain it and due to the lack of discussion about the types of knowledge present in the stages of a simulation project. In this context, this paper aims to present a case study to know how the projects are conducted and to identify the types of knowledge generated during their execution. The case study was performed in simulation consulting firms. Three companies specialized in the simulation were selected: a small one, a medium one, and a large one. It was identified that the four types of knowledge, established by the Nonaka and Takeuchi are present in each step of the simulation project. These results assist modelers in documenting and managing the knowledge and help them to avoid errors.

Abstract This study presents the use of a serious game developed to teach Lean philosophy. The structure of this game was built from theoretical elements and predefined learning events. Learning outcomes and student motivation were considered in the evaluation of the efficacy of the game. This serious game was applied to four groups of students with different profiles. The evaluation results were compared among these groups of students. It can be concluded that the serious game developed showed positive results in learning and motivation demonstrated by the students, regardless of the group analyzed. The main contributions to the literature presented in this article were the serious game (named 3L) that was developed and the efficacy evaluation method, considering the learning and motivation demonstrated in different profiles of students.

Abstract Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis is a rare syndrome, defined as the simultaneous presence of vascular nevus and melanocytic nevus in the same patient. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman presented with dermal melanosis and extensive vascular nevus, which match the typical manifestations of phakomatosis pigmetovascularis of cesioflammea type, according to Happle's classification. The rare occurrence of this genodermatosis and the clinical exuberance of the skin lesions motivated this case report.

Adequate management of urban solid waste (USW) is beneficial to the environment, cities and people who depend on the income generated from collecting this waste material to survive. Due to the level of complexity of these processes involved in recyclable USW sorting, management tools which enable systemic studies become valuable assets by evaluating the effects changes may cause on the organization. This paper presents a modeling study, which used process mapping and discrete event simulation, in which a USW collection process was evaluated. The study was conducted in conjunction with the USW trash gatherers association of Itajubá, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The lack of standardized processes presented difficulties for developing the simulation model. To diminish this problem, three conceptual modelingtechniques were used (SIPOC, flowcharts and IDEF-SIM). Data were collected via observation, interviews and questionnaires. The validated conceptual model, obtained in this study, will be able to be used to better understand the process. Finally, the model was used to evaluate process improvement scenarios.

O fenômeno de Lúcio representa uma reação cutânea necrosante grave que pode ocorrer na hanseníase de Lúcio e em outras formas de hanseníase virchowiana. Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente masculino de 63 anos de idade apresentando há um ano lesões ulceronecróticas nos membros, lóbulos auriculares e tronco, associadas a sinusite de repetição, rouquidão e perda ponderal de 25 kg. A baciloscopia de raspado intradérmico mostrou índice baciloscópico de 5 e o exame histopatologico foi compatível com fenômeno de Lúcio. O tratamento instituído foi exclusivamente com poliquimioterapia multibacilar (PQT-MB), havendo melhora importante do quadro cutâneo após um mês de tratamento. Os autores apresentam um caso exuberante de fenômeno de Lúcio que obteve excelente resposta ao tratamento somente com PQT-MB.

Lucio's phenomenon represents a serious cutaneous necrotizing reaction, which can occur with Lucio's leprosy and also in other forms of lepromatous leprosy. The authors discuss the case of a 63-year-old male patient presenting with ulcers and necrotic cutaneous lesions on the limbs, torso and face, associated with recurring sinusitis, hoarseness and a weight loss of 25 kilos over the last year. Bacilloscopy of intradermal scrapings showed a bacilloscopic index of 5 and the histopathological findings were compatible with the diagnosis of Lucio's phenomenon. The chosen treatment was exclusively multibacillary multidrug therapy, resulting in important dermatological improvement after one month of therapy. The authors present an impressive case of Lucio's phenomenon with an exceptional response to treatment exclusively with multibacillary multidrug therapy.

A endometriose cutânea é forma rara de endometriose, representando de 0,5% a 1% de todos os casos da doença. Pode ser dividida em forma primária, de surgimento espontâneo, ou secundária, após procedimentos cirúrgicos aonde geralmente encontra-se sobre a cicatriz cirúrgica. Diversas etiologias foram propostas, porém, nenhuma capaz de explicar inteiramente seu aparecimento. Diagnósticos diferenciais incluem melanoma, nódulos metastáticos, quelóide e granuloma piogênico. A dermatoscopia da lesão ainda não foi bem estabelecida, mas existem alguns achados que podem sugerir o diagnóstico. O tratamento é cirúrgico nos casos de lesões maiores e o screening para endometriose é mandatório através de avaliação ginecológica, de imagem e marcador tumoral. Relatamos um caso de endometriose cutânea primária e discutimos seus aspectos dermatoscópicos.

Cutaneous endometriosis is a rare manifestation of endometriosis, representing 0.5% to 1% of all endometriosis cases. It can be divided into primary and secondary, when appearing spontaneously or after a surgical procedure, when it is mostly found on surgical scar tissue. Some etiologies were proposed, but none of them could entirely explain the appearance of the tumor. Differential diagnosis includes melanoma, metastatic nodule, keloid and pyogenic granuloma. Dermoscopic features are not yet well established, but there are some characteristics that suggest the diagnosis. Treatment is surgical in larger sized lesions. Malignization can occur. The screening for endometriosis is mandatory by means of gynecologic, imaging and marked-tumor evaluation. We report a case of primary umbilical endometriosis and discuss its dermoscopic aspects.

A acantose nigricante é uma dermatose comum, mais frequentemente associada a condições benignas, como resistência periférica à insulina. É rara como marcador paraneoplásico. Como tal, é caracterizada pelo aparecimento repentino e disseminação rápida de lesões cutânas aveludadas e hipercrômicas. O termo "palma em tripa" se refere ao aumento da demarcação do sulcos cutâneos, que se assemelha à face interna do trato intestinal bovino. É um marcador paraneoplásico de alta especificidade, com 90% dos casos associados à malignidade. Relatamos uma paciente com adenocarcinoma de ovário, estágio IV, apresentando acantose nigricante e "palma em tripa"; ambos achados estão estreitamente relacionados ao curso da neoplasia.

Acanthosis nigricans is a common dermatosis and is most often associated with benign conditions, such as insulin resistance. It is rare as a paraneoplastic marker. As such, it is characterized by sudden onset and rapid dissemination of velvety and hyperchromic skin lesions. The term "tripe palm" refers to exaggeration of the palmar ridge pattern, which resembles the internal surface of the bovine intestinal tract. This is a paraneoplastic marker of high specificity, with 90% of the cases being associated with malignancy. We report the case of a patient with stage IV ovarian adenocarcinoma presenting acanthosis nigricans and tripe palm. Both findings are closely correlated to the neoplasm course.

As the number of simulation experiments increases, the necessity for validation and verification of these models demands special attention on the part of the simulation practitioners. By analyzing the current scientific literature, it is observed that the operational validation description presented in many papers does not agree on the importance designated to this process and about its applied techniques, subjective or objective. With the expectation of orienting professionals, researchers and students in simulation, this article aims to elaborate a practical guide through the compilation of statistical techniques in the operational validation of discrete simulation models. Finally, the guide's applicability was evaluated by using two study objects, which represent two manufacturing cells, one from the automobile industry and the other from a Brazilian tech company. For each application, the guide identified distinct steps, due to the different aspects that characterize the analyzed distributions

O desempenho das empresas em ambientes concorrenciais encontra-se cada vez mais relacionado com a capacidade das empresas em produzir, armazenar e disseminar conhecimento. Esta importância é intensificada quando o conhecimento é usado para a análise de falhas, com o objetivo de evitar a ocorrência de problemas e aumentar a confiabilidade dos sistemas. Dentro deste contexto o presente trabalho apresenta a aplicação da Gestão do Conhecimento para a análise de falhas em uma empresa distribuidora de energia elétrica. O foco deste artigo é a apresentação de um modelo para mapeamento de falhas e de um sistema de informação que operacionaliza o método. Tal sistema auxilia na construção das árvores de falhas, no armazenamento de documentos, fotos e descrições relacionadas para cada árvore de falhas desenvolvida. Em suma, este trabalho apresenta uma aplicação prática da Gestão do Conhecimento que enseja uma metodologia nova e de uso comprovado.

The managerial excellence is based on the company competence to produce, store and disseminate knowledge. Such an importance is even more justified by the use of knowledge to analyze failures in order to avoid undesirable consequences and guarantee the system reliability. In this context, this article presents a Knowledge Management application in an electric energy company. The main aim of this article is to present a method for mapping failures through an information system. This system provides failure trees, which storage photos, procedures, management descriptions of failures and, to avoid relapse, previous ways of solutions. In short, this work provides a practical application of the Knowledge Management approach to the failure analysis subject.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia e a possibilidade de contaminação da água em determinado tipo de equipamento eliminador de ar, fabricado em polipropileno. Sua operação foi estudada em nove pontos de consumo no município de Juiz de Fora - MG, com reclamações recorrentes de consumidores sobre intermitência no abastecimento. O trabalho de campo teve duração de 11 meses. Para avaliar a eficácia do equipamento, foi instalado, em série com o cavalete da ligação de água, um novo cavalete composto por dois hidrômetros, separados pelo eliminador de ar. Comparados os consumos acumulados pelos dois hidrômetros nos pontos, verificou-se uma variação de + 4,51% a - 2,02%. Pelos resultados obtidos, pode-se afirmar que o emprego do eliminador de ar na rede de abastecimento de água de Juiz de Fora - MG não apresentou benefício significativo para o consumidor. Contudo, 91% dos equipamentos testados apresentaram possibilidade de contaminação da água.

This work aimed to assess the efficacy and the water contamination possibility of a particular type of air-removal equipment, made of polypropylene. Its functioning was analysed at nine different consumption points in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG, there being recurrent complaints from consumers about constant interruptions in water supply. The field work had a duration of 11 months. In order to assess the efficacy of the equipment, a new sawhorse was installed in a row with the water connection sawhorse. The new sawhorse was composed of two hydrometers, with the air-removal equipment between them. Having compared the consumption levels recorded by the two hydrometers at the points, it was founded a variation ranging from + 4.51% to -2.02 %. The obtained results may state that the use of the air-removal equipment in Juiz de Fora did not cause any significant beneficial effect as far as consumers are concerned. However, 91% of the tested air-removal equipments showed possibility of water contamination.