Resumo A importância da educação ambiental marinha (EAM) vem tomando relevância à medida que aumenta a expectativa de impactos nos ecossistemas brasileiros ocasionados por mudanças nos ambientes costeiros. Entretanto, apenas 32 contribuições sobre esse assunto foram publicadas no Brasil. O grupo de trabalho em EAM da ReBentos objetiva promover a comunicação da pesquisa ecológica marinha para o público escolar como um todo, bem como a grupos com influência na percepção comum, como a mídia, políticos e cientistas. Este trabalho apresenta uma visão das iniciativas em EAM no Brasil, com ênfase nos projetos e diretrizes da ReBentos. A base conceitual de ação é o Tratado de Educação Ambiental da Rio 92, implicando em um ensino com características transdisciplinares, reflexivas e emancipatórias, dirigidas a mudanças em valores, princípios e atitudes. Durante o período de 2011 a 2015, 10 modelos de atividade foram desenvolvidos, de Alagoas a Santa Catarina, envolvendo sua concepção, implementação e teste por meio de pesquisa científica. O material didático produzido compreendeu três livros e 21 capítulos de livros. Um público total ao redor de 5500 visitantes de UCs, 250 professores de escolas públicas e 800 estudantes foi impactado. Como monitores e multiplicadores, foram treinados 250 estudantes de graduação e profissionais. Projetos de avaliação de pesquisa geraram nove trabalhos científicos. Como uma próxima iniciativa, é salientada a necessidade de elaboração de protocolos para cada modelo, a fim de direcionar e facilitar futuras iniciativas.

Abstract As changes in coastal and marine environments are expected to negatively affect Brazilian ecosystems, the importance of Marine Environmental Education (MEE) comes to the fore. However, so far only 32 contributions related to this issue have been published in Brazil. The MEE workgroup of ReBentos aims at promoting EE and the communication of marine ecological research to the scholastic public as a whole, as well as to groups which exert an influence on general perception, such as the media, politicians, and scientists. This paper presents an overview of the initiatives of MEE in Brazil, with emphasis on the ReBentos projects and guidelines. The conceptual background of action is based on the Rio'92 Treaty on Environmental Education, thereby implying an MEE with Transdisciplinar, emancipatory and reflexive characteristics, directed to changes in values, principles and attitudes. During the period 2011 to 2015, 10 projects were developed from Alagoas to Santa Catarina States, involving the development, implementation and testing through scientific research of 16 MEE activity-models. The didactic material subsequently produced comprised three books and 21 book-chapters. A public of around 6,500 Conservation Unit visitors, 250 public school teachers and 800 high school students have been impacted to date. To act as monitors and multipliers, 250 undergraduate students and professionals were trained. Research project evaluation generated the publication of nine papers. As a further step, the need for protocol elaboration for each model is placed in evidence, in order to direct and facilitate future initiatives.

Three species of Sidneioides Kesteven, 1909 were known until now, all of them from the western Pacific. Sidneioides peregrinus is a new species we found in Paranaguá Bay, southern Brazil. Diagnostic characteristics of the species are: colonies with 1-5 lobes, closely clumped, and attached by the entire basal area or by a common smaller area; seven to ten thin longitudinal fiber muscles (some branched) along the anterior two thirds of the thorax; no transverse muscle fibers; more than 30 tentacles of three orders forming one circle; pharynx with 10 to 12 rows of stigmata with 13 to 15 stigmata in each half row; bilobed anus at the level of the fourth or fifth row of stigmata; posterior abdomen not very elongated, oval, and joined to the abdomen by a narrow neck; numerous (> 30) testicular follicles; ovary with about 15 oocytes at about the ninth or tenth row of stigmata in the thorax; large number of embryos incubated in the atrial cavity in the right side of the thorax; larvae oval with a 0.65 mm long trunk, four club-shaped ectodermal ampullae in each side and three, linear and evenly spaced, adhesive papillae with thin stalks, two clusters of ectodermal vesicles, one postero-ventral (around 15 vesicles) and another antero-dorsal (around eight vesicles) between the ampullae and the oral siphon. This paper describes this new species and reports its occurrence in Brazil, where it is most likely introduced. The hypothesis that it is introduced is based on 1) it was never found in previous surveys, 2) in Brazil, it has a restricted and local distribution, 3) its type locality is near a major international port, and 4) the genus, prior to this description, had never been found in the Atlantic Ocean. Considering the great abundance found on the underside of natural boulders, it is imperative that S. peregrinus population growth be studied to evaluate the possibility of rapid distribution expansion.