Abstract: Human rights of older adults are still not sufficiently developed. This paper will explore how the rights of older adults are regulated by European law and whether European law sufficiently recognizes older adults as a heterogeneous social group. The population of the European Union is growing older. According to the European Commission’s reports, age discrimination in Europe is widespread. Therefore, the concept of work and retirement system as well as the perception of older adults should be transformed. Discrimination against older adults and various forms of inequality are amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Resumen: Los derechos humanos de las personas mayores aún no están suficientemente desarrollados. Este artículo explorará cómo los derechos de los adultos mayores están regulados por la legislación europea y si la legislación europea reconoce suficientemente a los adultos mayores como un grupo social heterogéneo. La población de la Unión Europea está envejeciendo. Según los informes de la Comisión Europea, la discriminación por edad en Europa está muy extendida. Por tanto, se debe transformar el concepto de sistema de trabajo y jubilación, así como la percepción de los adultos mayores. La discriminación contra los adultos mayores y diversas formas de desigualdad se ven agravadas por la pandemia de COVID-19.

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta as dimensões sociais e políticas do perdão na filosofia de Jacques Derrida. A filosofia do perdão de Derrida é um exemplo de como a filosofia pode nos ajudar a compreender e resolver problemas sociais e políticos contemporâneas. Derrida acredita que o conceito tradicional de perdão deve ser ampliado além dos limites do racional e do imaginável. Segundo Derrida, o conceito tradicional de perdão precisa ser repensado devido ao fenômeno de proliferação de cenas de perdão após a Segunda Guerra Mundial que produziram a globalização do perdão e banalizaram e descaracterizaram esse termo. Segundo Derrida, o ato de perdoar só pode ser pensado além dos limites do bom senso e no espaço do impossível, e que é o perdão de algo que o bom senso não pode perdoar. A filosofia do perdão de Derrida tem amplas implicações sociais e políticas, pois transcende oposições binárias: presente/passado, eu/outro, amigo/inimigo e assim por diante. Todos os conceitos da filosofia política de Derrida (amizade, inimigo, hospitalidade, perdão, justiça e assim por diante) são significativos para sociedades erodidas por traumas de guerras e divisões e conflitos étnico-nacionais.

Abstract This paper presents social and political dimensions of forgiveness within Jacques Derrida’s philosophy. Derrida’s philosophy of forgiveness is an example of how philosophy can help us understand and resolve contemporary social and political issues. Derrida believes that traditional concept of forgiveness should be broadened beyond the bounds of the rational and the imaginable. According to Derrida, traditional concept of forgiveness needs rethinking because of the phenomenon of proliferation of scenes of forgiveness after the Second World War that produced globalization of forgiveness and trivialized and decharacterized this term. According to Derrida, the act of forgiveness can only be thought beyond the limits of common sense and in the space of the impossible, and that is the forgiveness of something that common sense cannot forgive. Derrida’s philosophy of forgiveness has wide social and political implications as it transcends binary oppositions: present/past, self/other, friend/enemy and so forth. All concepts within Derrida’s philosophy of politics (friendship, enemy, hospitality, forgiveness, justice, and so on) are significant for societies eroded with traumas of wars and ethno-national divisions and conflicts.

Human rights of older adults are still not sufficiently developed. The "older adults" are still perceived as homogeneous social group within legal framework, which leaves room for multiple discrimination. However, the experience of the old age is different and it depends on race, class, gender, occupation, place of living, and so forth. This paper will explore how the rights of older adults are regulated within European law. Ageing in Europe is accelerating and puts pressure on welfare systems. That is why both the retirement system and the perception of older adults should be revised. In dealing with the problem of discrimination against older adults, this paper will inquire whether citizenship which transcends any idea of age represents a symbolic and normative imperative of Europe today.

Il restedes progrès à faire dans le domaine des droits de l'homme concernant les adultes âgés. Les "gens âgés" sont considérés dans le discours juridique comme un groupe homogène, ce qui permet de multiples formes de discrimination. Pourtant, l'expérience de la vieillesse est diverse et dépend de plusieurs facteurs tels que race, classe sociale, sexe, profession et lieu de résidence, entre autres. Dans cet article, on cherche à comprendre comment le droit des gens âgés est réglé dans la législation européenne. Le vieillissement de la population européenne s'accélère, ce qui menace les systèmes de l'Etat providence. Dans cet article, en abordant la question de la discrimination contre les adultes plus âgés, on cherchera à savoir si le concept de citoyenneté, qui dépasse tout concept d'âge, représente aujourd'hui en Europe une contrainte symbolique et normative.

Os direitos humanos não representam uma verdade absoluta. Caso contrário, eles representariam a ideologia, o que é contraditório em relação à própria idéia básica de direitos humanos. Consequentemente, há uma necessidade de redefinição dos pressupostos principais da moderna concepção de direitos humanos representada na Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos. Esse artigo argumenta que a concepção de Rawls de direitos humanos é importante para a reconfiguração dos direitos humanos. Ela representa o caminho para a idéia pós-moderna de direitos humanos e para o reconhecimento da diferença.

Human rights do not represent an absolute truth. Otherwise, they would represent ideology, which is contradictory to the basic idea of human rights itself. Consequently, there is a need for redefinition of the main presuppositions of modern conception of human rights represented in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This paper argues that Rawls's conception of human rights is significant for the refiguration of human rights. It represents the path towards postmodern idea of human rights and the recognition of difference.