RESUMO O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) tem sido proposto como um agente para acelerar o processo de cicatrização e estimular a capacidade regenerativa dos tecidos, devido à sua abundância de fatores de crescimento. Uma grande variedade de kits e de protocolos está disponível para obtenção de PRP, utilizando-se diferentes sistemas de separação de células. No entanto, a falta de padronização pode levar a resultados inconsistentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a composição celular, os parâmetros plaquetários pelo citômetro de fluxo ADVIA 120 e a concentração de TGF-β1 do PRP obtido em sistema fechado, por centrifugação simples. Seis cavalos clinicamente saudáveis foram usados neste estudo. O protocolo no sistema fechado resultou em concentrações de plaquetas aproximadamente 1,6 vez maior e concentrações de leucócitos aproximadamente 2,0 vezes menores em comparação com os valores do sangue total. O sistema avaliado foi eficiente na concentração de plaquetas e na recuperação de um pequeno número de leucócitos, utilizando um protocolo de centrifugação única em baixa velocidade.

ABSTRACT Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been proposed as an agent to accelerate the healing process and stimulate the regenerative capacity of tissues due to its abundance of growth factors. A large variety of kits and protocols are available to obtain PRP by different cell-separation systems. However, the lack of standardization may lead to inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to characterize cellular composition, platelet parameters using the ADVIA 120 flow cytometer, and TGF-β1 concentration from the PRP product obtained through a closed system, using simple centrifugation. Six clinically healthy horses were used in this study. The protocol in the closed system resulted in approximately 1.6-fold higher platelet and approximately 2.0-fold lower white blood cell concentrations in comparison with whole blood values. The evaluated system was efficient in concentrating platelets and in retrieving a small number of leukocytes, using a protocol of single centrifugation at low speed.

Abstract The analytic framework and its graphic representation, takes part of the integral approach in the systematic reviews that the US Preventive Services Task Force develop in the process of developing their recommendations. It is included as part of the methodology for the process of the working plan. Together with the key questions, the analytic framework establishes the needed steps in the logical process that should be demonstrated in order to assess the efficacy and the harms of a preventive service in primary care. The objective of an analytic framework is to present clearly and schematically the specific questions that relate interventions and results and that should be answered through the bibliographic review. A convention for its design, items, links, symbols and graphic representation is described.

Resumen El planteamiento del marco analítico, y su representación gráfica, forma parte del abordaje integral para la realización de las revisiones sistemáticas que el US Preventive Services Task Force utiliza en el proceso de elaboración de sus recomendaciones. Se incluye como parte de la metodología para el desarrollo del plan de trabajo. Junto a las preguntas clave, establecen los pasos necesarios en la lógica clínica que deben ser demostrados para evaluar la eficacia y los daños de un servicio preventivo en Atención Primaria. El objetivo de un marco analítico es presentar clara y esquemáticamente las preguntas específicas que relacionan intervenciones y resultados y que deben ser contestadas por la revisión bibliográfica. Se describe una convención para su diseño respecto a los ítems, enlaces, símbolos y representación gráfica.

Objective: to evaluate the influence of child day-care centres on morbidity and consumption of health resources in children younger than 2 years. Methods: design: prospective longitudinal study. Participating institutions: Primary Health Care centers, coordinated by "Grupo de Investigación de la Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria" (AEPap) (Research Group of the Spanish Primary Care Pediatrics Association). Subjects: children aged 0 to 2 years attending pediatric appointments of the participating health centres. Sample: all children born between April 1st and October 30th, 2009, that meet the inclusion criteria. Variables: independent variable will be Child day-care center or not. As dependent variables it will be analyzed the number and type of infection, treatments received and assistance to Health Care centers. Characterization personal and family variables that could act as confounding factors will be also collected. Data collection: interviews conducted during the first visit and at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age. Statistical analysis: to analyze the differences between number of infections depending on age of child when entering child day-care center, an Anova test will be done. We will apply Student's T test or Mann-Whitney's U test to compare antibiotic consumption, use of bronchodilators, health resource utilization among children attending child day-care center and those who don't. A multivariate lineal regression analysis will be done step by step to identify personal and family factors that may be considered as predictors of the number of infections after controlling potential confounders and interaction factors.

Objetivo: evaluar la influencia de la asistencia a la guardería sobre la morbilidad y el consumo de recursos sanitarios en los niños menores de 2 años. Material y métodos: diseño: estudio longitudinal prospectivo. Centros participantes: centros de Atención Primaria, coordinados por el Grupo de Investigación de la Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención de Primaria (AEPap). Sujetos: niños menores de 2 años que acuden a las consultas de pediatría de los centros de salud participantes. Muestra: niños nacidos entre el 1 de abril y el 30 de octubre de 2009 que cumplan los criterios de inclusión. Variables: la variable independiente será asistencia o no a la guardería. Como variables dependientes se analizarán el número y el tipo de infecciones, los tratamientos recibidos y la asistencia a centros sanitarios. Se recogerán variables de caracterización familiares y personales que pudieran actuar como factores de confusión. Recogida de datos: entrevistas realizadas en la primera visita y a los 6, 12, 18 y 24 meses de edad. Análisis estadístico: para analizar las diferencias entre el número de infecciones dependiendo de la edad del niño al entrar en la guardería se realizará un test de Anova. Para comparar el consumo de antibióticos y de broncodilatadores, así como la utilización de recursos sanitarios entre los niños que acuden a la guardería y aquellos que no lo hacen se aplicará el test de la T de Student o el test U de Mann-Whitney. Se realizará un análisis multivariante de regresión lineal paso a paso para identificar factores personales y familiares que pueden considerarse como variables predictoras del número de infecciones, controlando los posibles factores de confusión e interacciones.