Abstract Objectives: To provide an overview of the main evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of hearing loss in children and adolescents aged 0–18 years. Methods: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on childhood hearing loss were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians’ guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association’s guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. Results: The topics were divided into 2 parts: (1) treatment of sensorineural hearing loss: individual hearing aids, bilateral cochlear implants, cochlear implants in young children, unilateral hearing loss, and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder; and (2) treatment of conductive/mixed hearing loss: external/middle ear malformations, ventilation tube insertion, and tympanoplasty in children. Conclusions: In children with hearing loss, in addition to speech therapy, Hearing AIDS (HAs) or implantable systems may be indicated. Even in children with profound hearing loss, both the use of HAs and behavioral assessments while using the device are important.

Abstract Objectives: To provide an overview of the main evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of hearing loss in children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years. Methods: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on childhood hearing loss were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians’ guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association’s guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. Results: The evaluation and diagnosis of hearing loss: universal newborn hearing screening, laboratory testing, congenital infections (especially cytomegalovirus), genetic testing and main syndromes, radiologic imaging studies, vestibular assessment of children with hearing loss, auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and noise-induced hearing loss. Conclusions: Every child with suspected hearing loss has the right to diagnosis and appropriate treatment if necessary. This task force considers 5 essential rights: (1) Otolaryngologist consultation; (2) Speech assessment and therapy; (3) Diagnostic tests; (4) Treatment; (5) Ophthalmologist consultation.

Abstract Objective: There are few studies on long-latency auditory evoked potential (P300) in people with hearing loss who use a cochlear implant. Central auditory system evaluation with behavioral and electrophysiological tests is believed to help understand the neuroplasticity mechanisms involved in auditory functioning after cochlear implant surgery. This study investigated the electrophysiological processing of cortical level acoustic signals in a group of 21 adult individuals with postlingual bilateral severe-to-profound hearing loss who were submitted to cochlear implant surgery. Methods: Data were collected in three phases: pre-cochlear implant surgery, at cochlear implant activation, and 6 months after surgery. P300 measures were also registered during all phases. Tone-burst and speech stimuli were used to elicit P300 and were presented in free field. Results: Mean P3 component latency with tone-burst and speech stimuli were 352.9 and 321.9 ms in the pre-cochlear implant phase, 364.9 and 368.7 ms in the activation phase, 336.2 and 343.6 ms 6 months after the surgery. The P3 component mean latency values using tone-burst at activation were significantly different from those 6 months after cochlear implant. They were also significantly different using speech, between pre-cochlear implant and activation phases. Lower P3 component latency occurred 6 months after cochlear implant activation with tone-burst and pre-cochlear implant with speech stimulus. There was a weak correlation between mean P3 component latency with speech stimulus and time of hearing loss. There was no difference in amplitude between phases or in the comparison with the other variables. Conclusion: There were changes in P3 component latency during the period assessed, for both speech and pure-tone stimuli, with increased latency in the activation phase and similar lower results in the two other phases, Pre-CI and 6 months after CI use. Mean amplitude measures did not vary in the three phases.

Resumo Introdução: As próteses auditivas ancoradas ao osso têm se tornado a opção de tratamento mais viável para indivíduos com perda auditiva condutiva ou mista, incapazes de se beneficiar de aparelhos auditivos convencionais ou cirurgia da orelha média. Objetivo: Comparar os resultados cirúrgicos e audiológicos entre as técnicas minimally invasive Ponto surgery e incisão linear com preservação de tecidos moles em usuários de próteses auditivas ancoradas ao osso. Método: Foi feito um estudo retrospectivo de janeiro de 2017 a junho de 2018. Foram incluídos no estudo 42 pacientes adultos candidatos para cirurgia de prótese auditiva ancorada ao osso unilateral com o sistema Ponto. Os comprimentos de implante e pilar usados variaram de 3–4 milímetros e de 6–14 milímetros, de acordo com a espessura óssea e subcutânea dos participantes, respectivamente. Resultados: Foram feitas 22 cirurgias com uso da técnica minimally invasive Ponto surgery (52,4%) e 20 (47,6%) com incisão linear. A idade média dos indivíduos implantados com técnicas minimally invasive Ponto surgery e incisão linear foi de 42 e 33,3 anos, respectivamente. Dez homens (45,5%) e 14 (70%) mulheres foram implantadas com técnicas minimally invasive Ponto surgery e incisão linear, respectivamente. Não houve diferenças entre os limiares audiométricos em campo livre e as pontuações de reconhecimento de palavras monossilábicas dos sujeitos, quando comparadas as duas técnicas cirúrgicas. A técnica minimally invasive Ponto surgery reduziu significantemente o tempo cirúrgico em comparação com a técnica de incisão linear. Não houve diferenças entre as duas tecnicas cirúrgicas para complicações cutâneas maiores (Holgers 3 e 4), que ocorreram em 18,18% para MIPS e em 25% para incisão linear. Os indivíduos incluídos no grupo da técnica minimally invasive Ponto surgery apresentaram aspecto cosmético superior, sem cicatriz cirúrgica ou sutura adicional. Conclusão: Os resultados cirúrgicos e audiológicos foram satisfatórios e não se correlacionaram com a técnica cirúrgica empregada em todos os indivíduos. Quando comparada à incisão linear, a técnica minimally invasive Ponto surgery apresentou tempo cirúrgico reduzido e resultados estéticos superiores no seguimento pós-operatório.

Abstract Introduction: The bone-anchored hearing system has become the most viable treatment option for subjects with conductive or mixed hearing loss, who are unable to benefit from conventional hearing aids or middle ear surgery. Objective: To compare the surgical and audiological outcomes between the minimally-invasive Ponto surgery and a linear incision with soft tissue preservation techniques in bone-anchored hearing system recipients. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from January 2017 to June 2018. Forty-two adult patients eligible for unilateral bone-anchored hearing system surgery with the Ponto system were included in the study. The implant and abutment lengths used varied from 3 to 4 mm and from 6 to 14 mm, according to the bone and skin thickness of the participants, respectively. Results: Twenty-two surgeries were performed using the minimally invasive Ponto surgery technique (52.4%) and 20 (47.6%) using the linear incision. The mean age of the subjects implanted with minimally invasive Ponto surgery and linear incision techniques were 42.0 and 33.3 years old, respectively. Ten male (45,5%) and 14 (70%) female patients were implanted using minimally invasive Ponto surgery and the linear incision techniques, respectively. There were no differences between pure tone audiometric thresholds and monosyllabic word recognition scores of the subjects, when comparing both surgical techniques. The minimally invasive Ponto surgery technique significantly reduced the surgical time compared to the linear incision technique. There were no differences between both surgical techniques for skin-related complications; (Holgers 3 and 4) which occurred in 18.8% for MIPS and in 25% for linear incision. Subjects included in the minimally invasive Ponto surgery technique group showed a superior cosmetic outcome, with no surgical scar or additional sutures. Conclusion: The surgical and audiological outcomes were satisfactory and were not correlated to the surgical technique selected in all subjects. When compared to the linear incision, the minimally invasive Ponto surgery technique showed reduced surgical time and superior esthetic outcomes in the postoperative follow-up.

Resumo: Introdução: A avaliação do estudante deve induzir aprendizagem e ser baseada em competência, ou seja, avaliar (habilidades cognitivas, psicomotoras e afetivas). Para avaliar conhecimento e a habilidade para sua utilização no contexto profissional, o Teste de Progresso (TP) tem sido usado em larga escala, com finalidade somativa e principalmente formativa. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a adequação e qualidade de itens que compõem os TP realizados pelos estudantes. Método: Trata-se de estudo exploratório descritivo e retrospectivo que analisou todos os itens de seis provas do TP aplicado a estudantes de Medicina do primeiro ao sexto ano da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto/USP, no período de 2013 a 2018. Os sete indicadores de boas práticas foram: 1. abordar tema relevante na formação médica; 2. ter enunciado maior que as alternativas; 3. avaliar aplicação do conhecimento; 4. definir pergunta clara para o item no enunciado; 5. avaliar apenas um domínio do conhecimento em cada item; 6. ter resposta correta e distratores homogêneos e plausíveis; 7. ausência de erros no item que acrescentam dificuldade desnecessária ou dão pistas da resposta correta. Dois avaliadores independentes analisaram as questões e, quando necessário, revisavam em conjunto os itens discordantes. Resultado: A análise das provas permitiu identificar boa qualidade técnica na maioria dos itens das seis provas, além de indicar que a não adesão foi mais frequente nos indicadores 4 e 5, que podem comprometer tanto a validade quanto a interpretação dos resultados da prova em termos de lacunas do conhecimento por parte dos estudantes. Conclusão: A qualidade das questões das provas analisadas é muito boa, mas foi possível identificar oportunidades de melhoria no processo de elaboração de itens, que servem de base para o desenvolvimento docente dos elaboradores da instituição.

Abstract: Introduction: Assessment drives learning and should follow a competence-based approach. The Progress Test (PT) has been used on a large scale for summative and mainly formative purposes to assess knowledge and the ability to use it in the professional context. Objective: To check the adequacy and quality of the items and that make up the progress tests sat by students. Method: Descriptive and retrospective exploratory study that analyzed all the items of six PT exams applied to medical students from the first to the sixth year of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto/USP, from 2013 to 2018. The seven indicators of good practices were: 1. Addresses a relevant topic in medical training; 2. Statement longer than key answer and distractors; 3. Application of knowledge evaluated; 4.Clear lead-in defined for the item in the statement; 5. Only one domain of knowledge assessed in each item; 6.Plausible and homogeneous key answer and distractors; 7.Absence of flaws that add unnecessary difficulty or give clues to the correct answer. Two independent evaluators analyzed the items and, if necessary, they jointly reviewed any disagreement. Result: The analysis showed a good technical quality of most items in the six PT exams. In addition, they indicated that non-adherence was a bit more frequent for indicators 4 and 5, which can compromise both the validity and the interpretation of the test results in terms of knowledge gaps on the part of students. Conclusion: In general, the quality of the items was very good but there are some opportunities for improvement in the process of item writing based on faculty development within the institution.

Resumo Introdução: A cirurgia para a implantação do dispositivo interno do implante coclear não é inteiramente livre de riscos e pode apresentar problemas que exigem cirurgias revisionais. Objetivo: Verificar a incidência das indicações de cirurgias revisionais para a implantação do dispositivo interno do implante coclear, sua efetividade e correlacionar às variáveis relacionadas às categorias de linguagem e audição. Método: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes menores de 18 anos submetidos à cirurgia de implante coclear de 2004 a 2015 em um hospital público no Brasil. Os dados coletados foram: idade no momento da implantação, sexo, etiologia da surdez, características audiológicas e da linguagem oral de cada paciente no pré e pós-operatório, necessidade de revisão cirúrgica e razão para ela. Resultados: Foram feitas 265 cirurgias em 236 pacientes. Oito pacientes foram submetidos ao implante coclear bilateral e 10 necessitaram de cirurgia de revisão. Foram necessárias 32 cirurgias para essas 10 crianças (um implante coclear bilateral), das quais 21 foram cirurgias de revisão. Em duas crianças, a remoção do implante coclear foi necessária, sem realização de reimplante; uma delas apresentava malformação coclear, por partição incompleta tipo I; e a outra, devido a trauma. Quanto à causa da necessidade da cirurgia revisional, das oito crianças que permaneceram com implante coclear, quatro apresentaram calcificação coclear após meningite, seguida de trauma (1), malformação do nervo facial (1), falha do dispositivo interno da IC (1) e torção do feixe de eletrodos (1). Conclusão: A incidência de cirurgias revisionais foi de 4,23%. O pós-operatório das cirurgias revisionais permite uma melhoria no desempenho de audição e na linguagem dos pacientes, indicando que essas cirurgias são válidas na maioria dos casos.

Abstract Introduction: The surgery during which the cochlear implant internal device is implanted is not entirely free of risks and may produce problems that will require revision surgeries. Objective: To verify the indications for cochlear implantation revision surgery for the cochlear implant internal device, its effectiveness and its correlation with certain variables related to language and hearing. Methods: A retrospective study of patients under 18 years submitted to cochlear implant surgery from 2004 to 2015 in a public hospital in Brazil. Data collected were: age at the time of implantation, gender, etiology of the hearing loss, audiological and oral language characteristics of each patient before and after cochlear implant surgery and any need for surgical revision and the reason for it. Results: Two hundred and sixty-five surgeries were performed in 236 patients. Eight patients received a bilateral cochlear implant and 10 patients required revision surgery. Thirty-two surgeries were necessary for these 10 children (1 bilateral cochlear implant), of which 21 were revision surgeries. In 2 children, cochlear implant removal was necessary, without reimplantation, one with cochlear malformation due to incomplete partition type I and another due to trauma. With respect to the cause for revision surgery, of the 8 children who were successfully reimplanted, four had cochlear calcification following meningitis, one followed trauma, one exhibited a facial nerve malformation, one experienced a failure of the cochlear implant internal device and one revision surgery was necessary because the electrode was twisted. Conclusion: The incidence of the cochlear implant revision surgery was 4.23%. The period following the revision surgeries revealed an improvement in the subject's hearing and language performance, indicating that these surgeries are valid in most cases.

Resumo Introdução: O implante coclear é uma prótese sensorial capaz de restaurar a audição em pacientes com perda auditiva neurossensorial bilateral severa ou profunda. Objetivo: Avaliar se há um melhor lado para o implante coclear em pacientes pós-linguais. Método: Estudo longitudinal retrospectivo; incluiu 40 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, média de 47 anos, com perda auditiva pós-lingual, usuários de implante coclear unilateral por mais de 12 meses e menos de 24 meses, com perda auditiva assimétrica entre as orelhas (diferença de 10 dBNA, em pelo menos uma das frequências), divididos em dois grupos. O Grupo A foi composto por indivíduos com implante coclear na orelha com melhor audição residual e Grupo B com menor audição residual em relação ao lado contralateral. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatística entre o limiar auditivo tonal antes e depois do implante coclear. Uma melhor percepção da fala nos testes pré-implante coclear foi observada no grupo B (20%), mas os resultados finais foram semelhantes em ambos os grupos. Conclusão: O implante coclear na orelha com pior audição residual favorece uma audição bimodal, o que possibilitaria a somação binaural, sem comprometer a melhora do limiar audiométrico e a percepção da fala.

Abstract Introduction: Cochlear Implant is a sensory prosthesis capable of restoring hearing in patients with severe or profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Objective: To evaluate if there is a better side to be implanted in post-lingual patients. Methods: Retrospective longitudinal study. Participants were 40 subjects, of both sex, mean age of 47 years, with post-lingual hearing loss, users of unilateral cochlear implant for more than 12 months and less than 24 months, with asymmetric auditor reserve between the ears (difference of 10 dBNA, In at least one of the frequencies with a response, between the ears), divided into two groups. Group A was composed of individuals with cochlear implant in the ear with better auditory reserve and Group B with auditory reserve lower in relation to the contralateral side. Results: There was no statistical difference for the tonal auditory threshold before and after cochlear implant. A better speech perception in pre-cochlear implant tests was present in B (20%), but the final results are similar in both groups. Conclusion: The cochlear implant in the ear with the worst auditory residue favors a bimodal hearing, which would allow the binaural summation, without compromising the improvement of the audiometric threshold and the speech perception.

Abstract Introduction A cochlear implant in adolescent patients with pre-lingual deafness is still a debatable issue. Objective The objective of this study is to analyze and compare the development of auditory speech perception in children with pre-lingual auditory impairment submitted to cochlear implant, in different age groups in the first year after implantation. Method This is a retrospective study, documentary research, in which we analyzed 78 reports of children with severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, unilateral cochlear implant users of both sexes. They were divided into three groups: G1, 22 infants aged less than 42 months; G2, 28 infants aged between 43 to 83 months; and G3, 28 older than 84 months.We collectedmedical record data to characterize the patients, auditory thresholds with cochlear implants, assessment of speech perception, and auditory skills. Results There was no statistical difference in the association of the results among groups G1, G2, and G3 with sex, caregiver education level, city of residence, and speech perception level. There was a moderate correlation between age and hearing aid use time, age and cochlear implants use time. There was a strong correlation between age and the age cochlear implants was performed, hearing aid use time and age CI was performed. Conclusion There was no statistical difference in the speech perception in relation to the patient’s age when cochlear implant was performed. There were statistically significant differences for the variables of auditory deprivation time between G3 - G1 and G2 - G1 and hearing aid use time between G3 - G2 and G3 - G1.

Abstract Introduction Hearing difficulties can be minimized by the use of hearing aids. Objective The objective of this study is to assess the speech perception and satisfaction of hearing aids users before and after aid adaptation and to determine whether these measures are correlated. Methods The study was conducted on 65 individuals, 54% females and 46% males aged 63 years on average, after the systematic use of hearing aids for at least three months. We characterized subjectś personal identification data, the degree, and configuration of hearing loss, as well as aspects related to adaptation. We then applied a satisfaction questionnaire and a speech perception test (words and sentences), with and without the use of the hearing aids. Results Mean speech recognition with words and sentences was 69% and 79 %, respectively, with hearing aids use; whereas, without hearing aids use the figures were 43% and 53%. Mean questionnaire score was 30.1 points. Regarding hearing loss characteristics, 78.5% of the subjects had a sensorineural loss, 20% a mixed loss, and 1.5% a conductive loss. Hearing loss of moderate degree was present in 60.5% of cases, loss of descending configuration in 47%, and plain loss in 37.5%. There was no correlation between individual satisfaction and the percentages of the speech perception tests applied. Conclusion Word and sentence recognition was significantly better with the use of the hearing aids. The users showed a high degree of satisfaction. In the present study, there was no correlation observed between the levels of speech perception and levels of user satisfaction measured with the questionnaire.

Abstract Introduction The objective of the evaluation of auditory perception of cochlear implant users is to determine how the acoustic signal is processed, leading to the recognition and understanding of sound. Objective To investigate the differences in the process of auditory speech perception in individuals with postlingual hearing loss wearing a cochlear implant, using two different speech coding strategies, and to analyze speech perception and handicap perception in relation to the strategy used. Methods This study is prospective cross-sectional cohort study of a descriptive character. We selected ten cochlear implant users that were characterized by hearing threshold by the application of speech perception tests and of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults. Results There was no significant difference when comparing the variables subject age, age at acquisition of hearing loss, etiology, time of hearing deprivation, time of cochlear implant use and mean hearing threshold with the cochlear implant with the shift in speech coding strategy. There was no relationship between lack of handicap perception and improvement in speech perception in both speech coding strategies used. Conclusion There was no significant difference between the strategies evaluated and no relation was observed between them and the variables studied.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: O sistema vestibular é responsável pelo equilíbrio corporal. Existem substâncias que o danificam, causando tontura; são chamadas vestibulotóxicas. Agrotóxicos tornaram-se objeto de investigação da ototoxicidade a partir de pesquisas que apontaram tontura como sintoma recorrente entre as queixas de trabalhadores rurais. OBJETIVO: Constitui-se em avaliar a histopatologia do sistema vestibular de cobaias expostas a organofosforados, identificando os efeitos nesse sistema. MÉTODO: É um estudo clínico experimental, que utilizou 18 cobaias, sendo seis intoxicadas com organofosforadoclorpirifós na dose de 0,5 mg/kg/dia; sete na dose de 1 mg/kg/dia, e grupo controle com cinco cobaias expostas a água destilada, durante 10 dias consecutivos. Posteriormente realizou-se a contagem dos tufos ciliares nas máculas dos sáculos e utrículos através microscopia eletrônica de varredura. RESULTADOS: Na comparação intergrupos, para a variável sáculo realizou-se o teste ANOVA one-way (p = 0,0569); para a variável utrículo, utilizou-se o teste Kruskal-Wallis (p = 0,8958), revelando não haver diferença entre os grupos em ambas as variáveis. CONCLUSÃO: Análise histopatológica do sistema vestibular de cobaias expostas a organofosforado não demonstrou diferença na quantidade de tufos ciliares nas máculas dos sáculos e utrículos nas doses testadas, apesar do resultado para a variável sáculo ser considerado limítrofe mostrando uma tendência a significância.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The vestibular system is responsible for body balance. There are substances that damage it, causing dizziness; these are termed vestibulotoxic substances. Agrochemicals have been investigated for ototoxicity because of studies that identified dizziness as a recurrent symptom among rural workers' complaints. OBJECTIVE: To histopathologically evaluate the vestibular system in guinea pigs exposed to an organophosphate, and to identify the drug's effects on this system. METHODS: Experimental clinical study. Eighteen guinea pigs were used; six of them poisoned with the organophosphate chlorpyrifos at doses of 0.5 mg/kg/day and seven of them at 1 mg/kg/day; and a control group of five guinea pigs was exposed to distilled water, all for 10 consecutive days. Later, ciliary tufts of saccule and utricle maculae were counted by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Comparing the groups, a one-way ANOVA test for the variable "saccule" ( p = 0.0569) and a Kruskal-Wallis test for the variable "utricle" ( p = 0.8958) were performed, revealing no difference among groups in both variables. CONCLUSION: The histopathologic analysis of the vestibular system of guinea pigs exposed to an organophosphate showed no difference in the amount of ciliary tufts of saccule and utricle maculae at the doses tested, although the result for the variable "saccule" was considered borderline, showing a trend for significance.

OBJETIVO:avaliar o funcionamento do sistema vestibular de cobaias expostas ao organofosforado clorpirifós, de forma aguda, por meio da prova calórica da eletronistagmografia.MÉTODOS:a pesquisa do tipo experimental realizou a eletronistagmografia de cobaias expostas a organofosforado durante 10 dias consecutivos, nas doses 0,5mg/kg/dia e 1,0mg/kg/dia por via intraperitoneal e comparadas com grupo controle que recebeu administração de água destilada. Foi realizada prova calórica gelada (10ºC) e comparadas as variáveis frequência de aparecimento de nistagmos em 10 segundos (u/s) e velocidade angular da componente lenta (º/s).RESULTADOS:os resultados não demonstraram diferença estatisticamente significante na comparação das variáveis entre os grupos.CONCLUSÃO:conclui-se que nas doses testadas o agrotóxico organofosforado clorpirifós não causou danos funcionais detectáveis na prova calórica.

PURPOSE:this study aimed to assess the functioning of the vestibular system of guinea pigs exposed to the organophosphate chlorpyrifos, acutely, through caloric stimulation electronystagmography.METHODS:the research conducted an experimental electronystagmography of guinea pigs exposed to organophosphate for 10 consecutive days, at doses 0.5 mg / kg / day and 1.0 mg / kg / day intraperitoneally and compared with a control group that received distilled water administration. We performed caloric ice (10 º C) and compared the variables frequency of appearance of nystagmus in 10 seconds (u / s) and angular velocity of the slow component (º / s).Results:the results showed no statistically significant difference in the comparison of variables between groups.CONCLUSION:we conclude that the tested doses of the pesticide organophosphate chlorpyrifos caused no detectable functional damage in the caloric test.

Objetivo Analisar a variabilidade da amplitude e latência do potencial cognitivo P3 em indivíduos normais, na condição teste e reteste, no período de sete dias. Métodos Foram avaliados 32 sujeitos, com idades entre 18 e 25 anos, 20 do gênero feminino e 12 do gênero masculino, sem queixas auditivas. Todos foram submetidos à avaliação audiológica e potencial evocado auditivo de longa latência. Resultados Os valores médios de latência e amplitude para o P3, obtidos neste estudo, foram de 314,78 ms e 312,40 ms para latência e 5,04 μV e 4,58 μV para amplitude, nas posições Cz e Fz, respectivamente. A média da diferença da latência da onda P3 na condição de reavaliação foi de 10,50 ms (Fz) e 15,25 ms (Cz) para o gênero feminino e de 6,00 ms (Fz) e 5,83 ms (Cz) para o gênero masculino. Conclusão Não houve diferença significativa quando comparadas latência e amplitude, no teste e reteste, com a fixação dos eletrodos em Cz e Fz. Não houve diferença para as latências e amplitude do P3 em todas as seguintes modalidades estudadas: gênero, fixação dos eletrodos (Cz e Fz) e condição teste e reteste. No entanto, para a latência do P3, houve diferença significativa para o gênero feminino, quando comparado em condição de teste e reteste.

Purpose To analyze the variability of the amplitude and latency of the P3 cognitive potential in normal individuals, the condition test and retest, in the period of 7 days. Methods We evaluated 32 subjects, with ages between 18 and 25 years, 20 females and 12 males, without hearing complaints. Were submitted to audiologic evaluation and cortical potential. Results The mean values of latency and amplitude for the P3 obtained in this study were of 314.78 ms and 312.40 ms for latency and 5.04 μV and 4.58 μV, for amplitude, in positions Cz and Fz, respectively. No significant difference was found when compared to the latency and amplitude, in the test-retest reliability, with the fixing of the electrodes in Cz and Fz. There was no difference for the latency and amplitude of P3 in all the modalities studied: gender, fixation of the electrodes (Cz and Fz) and condition test and retest. For the latency of the P3 in the female gender and condition of test and retest, there was significant difference. Conclusion The mean values of latency and amplitude found in this study were 313.6 ms and 4.81 μV, respectively. The values of latency and amplitude did not vary according to the position of the electrodes (Cz and Fz) and regarding the condition test as retest. There was a significant difference for the female gender when compared in condition test and retest.The mean difference of the latency of P3 in condition of reassessment was 10.50 ms (Fz) and 15.25 ms (Cz) for the female gender and of 6.00 ms (Fz) and 5.83 ms (Cz) for the male gender.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o reparo cicatricial de perfurações traumáticas da membrana timpânica em ratos. MÉTODO: A membrana timpânica de ratos Wistar machos foram perfuradas nas porções anterior e posterior ao cabo do martelo. Cinco membranas timpânicas foram avaliadas 3 dias após perfuração timpânica; 5 após 5 dias; 5 após 7 dias; 3 após 10 dias; e 4 após 14 dias. As membranas timpânicas foram submetidas à avaliação histopatológica após coloração com hematoxilina- eosina. RESULTADOS: O fechamento da membrana timpânica ocorreu em torno de 7 a 10 dias após perfuração traumática, e o processo de cicatrização estava completo no 14° dia. A atividade proliferativa da camada epitelial externa foi identificada próxima ao cabo do martelo e ao ânulus timpânico. CONCLUSÃO: O processo de cicatrização espontânea da membrana timpânica se inicia com a camada epitelial externa, com posterior cicatrização da lâmina própria e da camada mucosa.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to assess the healing of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation in rats. METHODS: The tympanic membrane from male Wistar rats was perforated in the anterior and posterior portions to the handle of the malleus. Five tympanic membranes were evaluated 3 days after tympanic perforation; 5 after 5 days; 5 after 7 days; 3 after 10 days; and 4 after 14 days. The tympanic membranes were submitted to histopathological evaluation after hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS: Tympanic membrane closure occurred at about 7-10 days after injury and the healing process was complete by day 14. The proliferative activity of the outer epithelial layer was present close to the handle of the malleus and to the tympanic annulus. CONCLUSION: The spontaneous healing process of the tympanic membrane starts from the outer epithelial layer, with later healing of the lamina propria and the mucosal layer.