Abstract High heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major clinical challenge. This study aims to characterize the molecular features of LUAD through classification based on metabolism-related genes. A total of 500 LUAD samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 612 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were integrated with 2,753 metabolism-related genes to determine the molecular classification. Systematic bioinformatics analysis was used to conduct correlation analysis between metabolism-related classification and molecular characteristics of LUAD. LUAD patients were divided into three molecular clusters (C1-C3). Survival analysis revealed that C1 and C2 showed good and poor prognoses, respectively. Associational analysis of classification and molecular characteristics revealed that C1 was associated with low pathological stage, metabolic pathways, high metabolic process, active immune process and checkpoint, sensitive drug response, as well as a low genetic mutation. Nevertheless, C2 was associated with high pathological stage, carcinogenic pathways, low metabolic process, inactive immune signatures, resistant drug response, and frequent genetic mutation. Eventually, a classifier with 60 metabolic genes was constructed, confirming the robustness of molecular classification on LUAD. Our findings promote the understanding of LUAD molecular characteristics, and the research data may be used for providing information be helpful for clinical diagnosis and treatment. (LUAD challenge metabolismrelated metabolism related 50 TCGA (TCGA 61 GEO (GEO 2753 2 753 2,75 C1C3. C1C3 CC C3 . C (C1-C3) prognoses respectively stage pathways checkpoint response mutation Nevertheless signatures Eventually 6 constructed treatment 5 275 75 2,7 C1C (C1-C3 27 7 2, (C1-C

The objectives of this study were to modify Chinese natural zeolite by NaCl and to investigate its suitability as a low-cost clay adsorbent to remove ammonium from aqueous solution. The effect of pH on ammonium removal was investigated by batch experiments. The findings indicated that pH has a significant effect on the removal of ammonium by M-Zeo and maximum adsorption occured at pH 8. Ion exchange dominated the ammonium adsorption process at neutral pH, with the order of exchange selectivity being Na+ > Ca2+ > K+ > Mg2+. The Freundlich model provided a better description of the adsorption process than the Langmuir model. The maximum ammonium adsorption capacity was 17.83 mg/g for M-Zeo at 293K. Considering the adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic studies, the adsorption of ammonium by M-Zeo was endothermic and spontaneous chemisorption. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption of ammonium onto M-Zeo is well fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Ea in the Arrhenius equation suggested the adsorption of ammonium on M-Zeo was a fast and diffusion-controlled process. The regeneration rate was 90.61% after 5 cycles. The removal of ammonium from real wastewater was carried out, and the removal efficiency was up to 99.13%. Thus, due to its cost-effectiveness and high adsorption capacity, M-Zeo has potential for use in ammonium removal from aqueous solutions.