BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a major inflammatory disease of the airways and an enormous therapeutic challenge. Within the spectrum of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary emphysema is characterized by the destruction of the alveolar walls with an increase in the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles but without significant pulmonary fibrosis. Therapeutic options are limited and palliative since they are unable to promote morphological and functional regeneration of the alveolar tissue. In this context, new therapeutic approaches, such as cell therapy with adult stem cells, are being evaluated. OBJECTIVE This article aims to describe the follow-up of up to 3 years after the beginning of a phase I clinical trial and discuss the spirometry parameters achieved by patients with advanced pulmonary emphysema treated with bone marrow mononuclear cells. METHODS Four patients with advanced pulmonary emphysema were submitted to autologous infusion of bone marrow mononuclear cells. Follow-ups were performed by spirometry up to 3 years after the procedure. RESULTS The results showed that autologous cell therapy in patients having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a safe procedure and free of adverse effects. There was an improvement in laboratory parameters (spirometry) and a slowing down in the process of pathological degeneration. Also, patients reported improvements in the clinical condition and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Despite being in the initial stage and in spite of the small sample, the results of the clinical protocol of cell therapy in advanced pulmonary emphysema as proposed in this study, open new therapeutic perspectives in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is worth emphasizing that this study corresponds to the first study in the literature that reports a change in the natural history of pulmonary emphysema after the use of cell therapy with a pool of bone marrow mononuclear cells.

Neste relato, os autores apresentam informações sobre os instrumentos bibliométricos e a sua importância na aferição da qualidade dos periódicos científicos, pesquisadores e docentes. Apresentam em particular a história e a implantação do fator de impacto do Institute for Scientific Information existente desde 1955. São apresentadas e discutidas as críticas referentes à inadequação do fator de impacto para avaliação da produção científica, uso indevido e estratégias editoriais de manipulação deste índice bibliométrico. É apresentada a nova classificação CAPES para os periódicos, baseada em vários critérios e no Fator de impacto, em especial, e a sua influência na vida acadêmica e científica nacional. Conclui que, apesar de todos os óbices e discussões, o Fator de Impacto do Institute for Scientific Information ainda é uma ferramenta útil e, isoladamente, a única existente para avaliar os periódicos científicos e a produtividade intelectual

In this report the authors present information on the bibliometric instruments and their importance in measuring the quality of scientific journals and researchers. They in particular the history and deployment of the impact factor of the existing Institute for Scientific Information since 1955. Are presented and discussed the criticism regarding the inadequacy of the impact factor for evaluation of scientific production, misuse and strategies editorial handling of the bibliometric index. It is presented to the new classification CAPES for the journals, based on various criteria and the impact factor and its influence on national scientific and academic life. The authors conclude that, despite all obstacles and discussions, the impact factor of the Institute for Scientific Information is still an useful tool and the only isolation available to assess the scientific and intellectual productivity

G-CSF is a FDA-approved drug, commonly utilized in neutropenic patients, long knows for its anti-inflammatory and angiogenic properties and also for its capacity to mobilize stem cells, hematopoiethic and endogen precursors and progenitor cells. Recently neuroprotective effects have been shown in animals and humans and there are publications mentioning its potential therapeutic role in focal ischemia (medial cerebral artery territory). We describe a case of a 74-year-old male patient, victim of a subarachnoid hemorrhage and brain ischemia due to bilateral involvement of medial cerebral arteries and vertebrobasilar vasospasms (overall ischemia), who was submitted to G-C5F therapy. G-CSF did not cause adverse effects, mobilized cells (as was seen by the exponential increase in leukocytes) and possibly contributed to a progressive clinical improvement confirmed using GCS and NIHSS scales. Clinical improvements did not reflect in eithrt CT, MNR or SPECT examinations. This initial experience opens the perspective for G-CSF studies in brain ischemia.

In spite of the development of pharmacological strategies, technology and more sophisticated surgical alternatives, incidences of death from cardiopathies remains high throughout the world, in particular in relation to dilated heart disease. Many of these patients benefit from recent strategies of early myocardial perfusion which significantly reduces mortality rates; even so past-infarction heart failure is common. Recent studies have shown that the infusion of autologous stem cells is a possible treatment to reverse ventricular dysfunction. However, frequently there is an associated electrical conduction defect. Thus, an infusion of stem cells may produce a mechanical correction with heart resynchronization correcting the electrical conduction defect thereby improving the left ventricle ejection fraction. Our institution has been combining stem cell transplantation with resynchronization and, when necessary, cardiofibrilation, to treat these patients giving improvements in the Functional Class, ejection fraction and left ventricle and right ventricle-left ventricle synchrony.

O transplante de células-tronco é uma nova terapia com objetivo de produzir regeneração cardíaca pela diferenciação ou aumento dos miócitos cardíacos ou proliferação neovascular em pacientes no estágio final de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva secundária a cardiomiopatia dilatada¹, mas os resultados são desconhecidos2,3.

Stem cell transplantation is a new therapy applied to produce cardiac regeneration through differentiation or increase of heart myocytes or neovascular proliferation in patients in the end stage of congestive heart failure secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy¹, but the results are still unknown2,3.

Relatamos o caso de um paciente masculino de 49 anos, portador de oclusão embólica de todas as artérias da perna esquerda. Após múltiplas e fracassadas tentativas de revascularização e, também, simpatectomia lombar em outros serviços, chegou a nós com indicação de amputação no nível de perna. Propusemos o implante de células-tronco autógenas de medula óssea na panturrilha. Obteve-se um excelente resultado, com a supressão da dor em repouso, melhora da hipotermia e palidez, elevação do índice tornozelo/braço, da velocidade sistólica de pico, dos índices cintilográficos e angiográficos e sensível melhora na granulação no local da amputação do quarto e quinto pododáctilo.

We report on the case of a 49-year-old male patient who presented with embolic occlusion of all left leg arteries. After multiple and unsuccessful revascularization attempts and lumbar sympathectomy, he was referred to us with an indication of amputation at the upper third of the leg. We suggested implanting autogenous bone marrow stem cells in his calf. Excellent immediate results were obtained with suppression of rest pain, hypothermia and paleness, elevation of ankle/brachial index, peak systolic velocities and scintigraphic and angiographic indices. There was also a considerable enhancement of healing at the amputation site of the fourth and fifth toes.

Os autores fazem um histórico sobre as pesquisas com células-tronco embrionárias e do cordão umbilical, suas respectivas vantagens e desvantagens. Seguem com as discussões sobre células-tronco adultas, sua definição, histórico, fontes e participação nos processos de regeneração tecidual, particularmente no endotélio. Ressaltam a importância de fatores que mobilizam as células-tronco adultas a partir da medula óssea: citocinas, angiopoietinas e outros fatores de crescimento. As células-tronco adultas mobilizam-se sob a forma de células endoteliais progenitoras, que têm origem comum com as células endoteliais a partir dos hemangioblastos. Os fatores de mobilização manifestam-se em condições de hipoxia e fazem com que as células endoteliais progenitoras se localizem nos locais de isquemia para produzir a neovasculogênese, que se faz por três possíveis mecanismos: a angiogênese (formação de novos capilares a partir de brotos de capilares já existentes), a arteriogênese (relacionada à circulação colateral) e a vasculogênese (vasos realmente novos). Fazem, a seguir, uma análise da literatura relativa à experimentação animal e aos estudos clínicos. Concluem ressaltando que as células-tronco adultas, embora tenham um grande potencial de uso, ainda demandam muito estudo e pesquisa para se firmar como método terapêutico.

The authors review the history of the researches on embryonic and umbilical cord vein stem cells, their advantages and disadvantages. They proceed with comments on adult stem cells, their concept, history, sources and role on tissue regenerative processes, mainly on the endothelium. They stress the importance of factors that mobilize the adult stem cells from the bone marrow: cytokines, angyopoietine and other growth factors. The adult stem cells are mobilized as endothelial progenitor cells, which have a common origin with the endothelial cells from the hemangioblasts. The mobilizing factors are activated under hypoxia and promote the homing of the endothelial progenitor cells on the ischemic sites in order to generate the neovasculogenesis, which is accomplished through three possible mechanisms: angiogenesis (new capillaries from sprouts of the existing ones), arteriogenesis (related to collateral circulation) and vasculogenesis (actual new vessels). An appraisal of the literature is made with regard to animal and clinical sets Finally, they stress that adult stem cells, although bearing an enormous potential, still demand a considerable amount of work to become a current therapeutic method.

OBJETIVO: Analisar o desempenho da estimulação cardíaca artificial com marcapasso do tipo VVIR cujo sensor é regulado pelas variações do sistema nervoso autônomo em pacientes chagásicos com distúrbio no sistema de condução. MÉTODOS: Estudados 47 chagásicos, 28 do sexo masculino, com idades entre 24 e 68 anos, 36 tinham bloqueio atrioventricular (AV) total; 8, bloqueio AV de 2º grau 2; e 3 doença do nódulo sinusal, e encontravam-se, de acordo com a NYHA, em classe I (4), II (15), III (16) e IV (12). Após o implante de marcapasso do tipo VVIR os pacientes foram acompanhados durante 12 meses. A resposta de freqüência foi registrada em gravações de Holter de 24h e divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a FC em repouso - grupo 1: >65bpm e grupo 2: <=65bpm, para estudo comparativo, considerando: 1) FC em exercício no período de pós-implante; 2) PA em repouso após o implante e 3) avaliação dos grupos de eletrodos identificados como TIR-60-UP e outros eletrodos. RESULTADOS: O grupo 1 teve em exercício menor variação entre seus valores, do que o grupo 2, indicando que esse tipo de sistema de estimulação permite controlar individualmente cada paciente. Os valores de PA em repouso e em exercício não foram diferentes entre os grupos. O eletrodo do tipo TIR-60-UP, comportou-se como os demais eletrodos. CONCLUSÃO: O marcapasso do tipo VVIR cujo sensor é regulado pelas variações do SNA propicia o restabelecimento dos mecanismos fisiológicos em chagásicos, sendo que 74% deles tiveram melhora de uma ou duas classes funcionais da NYHA.

PURPOSE: To analyse the performance of the artificial cardiac stimulation with the VVIR pacemaker whose sensor is adjusted by the variations of the autonomic nervous system in Chagas disease patients with deficiency of the conduction system. METHODS: Forty-seven Chagas disease patients have been studied, 28 male between 24 and 68 years old, 36 patients had complete AV block, 8 had 2nd degree AV block and the other 3 had sinus node disease. The patients were in class I (4), II (15), III (16) and IV (12) according to the NYHA. A 12-month-follow-up with constant clinical evaluations was carried out after pacemaker implantation. Patients were divided in 2 different groups according to the HR at rest - group 1: >65 beats per minute (bpm) and group 2: <=65bpm, for a comparative study considering: 1) HR at stress test after the implantation; 2) arterial blood pressure at rest after the implantation and, 3) evaluation of the identified electrodes such as TIR-60-UP and others. RESULTS: The group 1 had greater HR at rest, and a smaller variation of values at stress than group 2. This shows that with this type of stimulation system it is possible to control each patient separately. The values of blood pressure at rest and during stress were not different between groups. According to the factors analysed the TIR-60-UP electrode had the same performance as the others. CONCLUSION: The VVIR pacemaker with the sensor adjusted by the ANS variations has provided the Chagas patients with a restoration of their physiological mechanisms. 74% of them had the improvement of either one or 2 functional classes.

Introdução: O tratamento de distúrbios na condução atrioventricular associados a doenças do nó sinusal com o emprego de marcapassos DDDR tem incentivado a procura de um sensor ideal. Objetivo: Avaliar a resposta de freqüência do marcapasso com sensor de contratilidade em situações de esforço físico e mental, tanto em laboratório como em atividades diárias de pacientes com bradicardia e insuficiência cronotrópica. Casuística e Métodos: Do estudo multicêntrico brasileiro "Projeto Inos DR _ Brasil", que emprega um sistema de estimulação DDDR cujo indicador é o estado contrátil do miocárdio, foram selecionados 38 pacientes com insuficiência cronotrópica, sendo 21 do sexo masculino e 17 do sexo feminino, com idades variando de 13 a 83 anos (média de 57 anos). O marcapasso utiliza um parâmetro do próprio controle cardiovascular (contratilidade cardíaca obtida pela medida da impedância cardíaca unipolar) para a adaptação da freqüência cardíaca, num sistema de malha fechada que, teoricamente, possibilita um ajuste a todas as necessidades fisiológicas. A calibração e programação do sistema só foi realizada 30 dias após o implante (tempo de maturação da irterface coração-eletrodo), realizando-se, então, teste de estresse mental (matemático) e teste ergométrico (em esteira), monitorados com histograma de freqüência e com curvas de consumo de oxigênio. Resultados: A média de limiares agudos de estimulação foi de 0,82 Volts e 0,55 Volts, e a média de limiares de sensibilidade foi de 2,37 mV e 10,61 mV, respectivamente, para átrios e ventrículos. A média de limiares crônicos de estimulação foi de 1,44 Volts e 1,18 Volts, e a média de limiares de sensibilidade foi de 2,81 mV e 6,3 mV, respectivamente para átrios e ventrículos. A freqüência cardíaca variou de 5% a 128% nas atividades físicas e de 5% a 80% nas atividades mentais, com elevação logo no início das atividades, permitindo uma curva normal de consumo de oxigênio, comparável à de indivíduos normais de mesma faixa etária, sexo e peso. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste T de Student e as variáveis, pela análise de variância. Conclusão: O sensor de contratilidade cardíaca tem excelente desempenho na adaptação da freqüência cardíaca, com valor semelhante ao produzido pelo sistema nervoso autônomo de indivíduos normais.

Introduction: The treatment of AV conduction disorders associated with sinus node illness employing DDDR pacemakers, has motivated the surch for an ideal sensor. Objective: Evaluate the heart rate response of the contractility sensor pacemaker both during the physical effort and mental stress of daily life in out patient tests for patients with bradycardia and chronotropic incompetence. Material and Methods: We use the brazilian Multicentric Study "Inos DR Project _ Brazil" working with a DDDR stimulation system which uses the myocardial contractility state chronotropic 38 patients presenting; incompetence were selected, 21 men and 17 women, with age ranging from 13 to 83 years (mean 57 years). The pacemaker utilizes intrinsic cardiovascular information (cardiac contractility from the measure of the unipolar cardiac impedance) for heart rate adaptation, in a closed loop system that theoretically adjusts to all physiologic needs. The system calibration and programation were performed 30 days after implantation (stabilization of heart-lead interface), based on the tests of mental stress (mathematical) and treadmill test, monitoring heart rate histogram of frequency and oxygen consumption. Results: The acute stimulation threshold mean is 0.82 volts and 0.55 volts, and the mean sensibility is 2.37 mV and 10.61 mV, to atrium and ventricle respectively. The mean chronic stimulation threshold is 1.44 V and 1.18, and the mean sensibility threshold mean is 2.81 mV and 6 mV, to atrium and ventricle respectively. The heart rate varied from 5% to 128% on physical activity and from 5% to 80% on mental activity, with elevation right at the beginning of activity, permitting a normal oxygen consumption curve similar to that of normal person of the same age, sex and weight. The average data were compared using T Student test and the variables using variance analysis. Conclusion: The cardiac contractility sensor has an excelent performance on heart rate adaptation, with similar values produced by the autonomous nervous system of normal subjects.