In the present study we used a simple and reliable method for HLA-DQA1 allele typing based on the single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) properties of DNA molecules obtained by PCR. The technique consists of PCR amplification of a DNA fragment comprising the second exon of the HLA-DQA1 gene, amplicon denaturation using a low ionic strength solution (LIS), and electrophoresis on a small native polyacrylamide gel, followed by a rapid silver staining procedure. In order to validate the technique and to obtain the allele patterns for the DQA1 gene, 50 cervical samples were typed using this methodology and the commercial Amplitype® HLA DQA1 Amplification and Typing kit. All the alleles detected with the kit were characterized by the LIS-SSCP approach. This procedure proved to be useful for population screening and typing of the DQA1 gene as well as for detecting new alleles or mutations in the donor-recipient molecular matching of HLA class II genes.

Muitas raças de gado foram submetidas a alta pressão de seleção para caracteres de produção. Conseqüentemente, a estrutura genética e a distribuição alélica da população poderiam diferir em raças sob alta pressão de seleção, quando comparadas a raças não selecionadas. Foi feita a análise das freqüências dos genes de k-caseína, aS1-caseína e prolactina em rebanhos de gado Creole argentino (AC) e Hosltein argentino (AH). Os valores de FST calculados mediram o grau de diferenciação genética de subpopulações, dependendo de variações na freqüência dos genes. A raça AC apresentou variação consideravelmente maior entre os rebanhos nos loci de aS1-caseína e k-caseína. Estratégias de conservação devem considerar a população inteira de AC de forma a manter a variabilidade genética encontrada nesta raça nativa.

Many cattle breeds have been subjected to high selection pressure for production traits. Consequently, population genetic structure and allelic distribution could differ in breeds under high selection pressure compared to unselected breeds. Analysis of <FONT FACE="Symbol">k</font>-casein, <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font>S1-casein and prolactin gene frequencies was made for Argentine Creole (AC) and Argentine Holstein (AH) cattle herds. The calculated FST values measured the degree of genetic differentiation of subpopulations, depending on the variances of gene frequencies.The AC breed had considerably more variation among herds at the <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font>S1-casein and <FONT FACE="Symbol">k</font>-casein loci. Conservation strategies should consider the entire AC population in order to maintain the genetic variability found in this native breed.

Gene frequencies at the k-casein locus were estimated in six different herds (N = 180) of Argentinean Creole cattle. The results showed a strong influence of subdivision and independent evolution on the divergence of the observed gene frequencies. These results suggest that the population structure of these herds favor the maintenance of polymorphism, which is of crucial importance for the long-time survival of populations.