OBJETIVO: definir medidas aerodinâmicas em falantes do português brasileiro, sem queixas vocais, obtidas pelo programa EVA. MÉTODO: participaram do estudo 20 homens e 20 mulheres, que tiveram suas vozes analisadas. RESULTADOS: os valores médios referentes à pressão subglótica para vozes femininas e masculinas foram, respectivamente: Pressão subglótica= 5,84 hPa e 6,7 hPa, média da intensidade= 79,21 dB e 81,7 dB, média do fluxo oral= 0,09 dm³/s e 0,16 dm³/s, eficiência glótica= 13,87 dB/hPa e 12,78 dB/hPa, eficiência laríngea= 188,08 dB/(hPa.dm³/s) e 97,11 dB/(hPa.dm³/s), resistência laríngea= 96,26 hPa/(dm³/s) e 52,64 hPa/(dm³/s), média da frequência fundamental (F0)= 208,28 Hz e 136,56 Hz e pico da pressão do fluxo oral= 0,093 e 0,098. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante em relação ao gênero para as medidas de média de intensidade, eficiência laríngea, resistência laríngea e média da frequência fundamental. Os valores médios referentes ao fluxo oral para vozes femininas e masculinas foram respectivamente: Pressão subglótica= 6,05 hPa e 6,6 hPa, média da intensidade= 65,50 dB e 66,3 dB, média do fluxo oral= 0,10 dm³/s e 0,13 dm³/s, eficiência glótica= 11,12 dB/hPa e 11,77 dB/hPa, eficiência laríngea= 144,83 dB/(hPa.dm³/s) e 97,89 dB/(hPa.dm³/s), resistência laríngea= 78,98 hPa/(dm³/s) e 61,81 hPa/(dm³/s), média da F0= 222,52 Hz e 139,20 Hz e pico da pressão do fluxo oral= 0,047 e 0,053. CONCLUSÃO: o EVA é um programa ainda novo no Brasil, e a análise de medidas aerodinâmicas, em falantes do português brasileiro, permite a obtenção de valores de referência, possibilitando assim comparações com estudos futuros.

PURPOSE: to define aerodynamic measures in Brazilian Portuguese speakers without voice complaints, obtained by the EVA program. METHOD: the study included 20 men and 20 women who had their voices analyzed. RESULTS: the mean values with subglottic pressure for female and male voices were: Subglottic pressure = 5.84 hPa and 6.7 hPa; average intensity = 79.21dB and 81.7dB; oral mean flow = 0.09 dm3/s and 0.16 dm3/s; glottic efficiency = 13.87dB/hPa and 12.78 dB/hPa; laryngeal efficiency = 188.08 dB/(hPa.dm3/s) and 97.11dB/(hPa.dm3/s); laryngeal resistance = 96.26 hPa/(dm3/s) and 52.64 hPa/(dm3/s); mean fundamental frequency (F0) = 208.28 Hz and 136.56 Hz and peak mouth pressure flow = 0.093 and 0.098. There was a statistically significant difference in relation to gender for the measures of average intensity, efficiency, larynx, laryngeal resistance and mean fundamental frequency. The average flow for the oral female and male voices were: subglottic pressure = 6.05 hPa and 6.6 hPa; average intensity = 65.50 dB and 66.3 dB; oral mean flow = 0, 10 dm3/s and 0.13 dm3/s; glottic efficiency = 11.12 dB/hPa and 11.77 dB/hPa; laryngeal efficiency = 144.83 dB/( hPa.dm3/s) and 97.89 dB/( hPa.dm3/s); laryngeal resistance = 78.98 hPa/(dm3/s) and 61.81 hPa/( dm3/s); average F0 = 222.52 Hz and 139.20 Hz and peak pressure oral flow = 0.047 and 0.053. CONCLUSION: EVA is a new program in Brazil, and analysing the aerodynamic measures in Brazilian Portuguese speakers, allows us to obtain reference values, thus allowing comparisons with future studies.

O Método Multiparamétrico de Avaliação Vocal Objetiva Assistida (EVA) foi projetado para o estudo da maioria dos parâmetros de produção da fala. OBJETIVO: Definir as medidas médias dos parâmetros eletroglotográficos em falantes do português brasileiro para o EVA. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram analisadas 40 vozes, 20 homens e 20 mulheres sem queixa vocal, extraindo-se as medidas eletroglotográficas, a fim de obter valores de referência de normalidade. Estudo de caso: estudo descritivo com corte transversal. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios de normalidade encontrados nas vozes masculinas foram: F0 = 127,77 Hz, coeficiente de variação de F0 = 2,51%, jitter absoluto = 1,707 Hz, perturbação média relativa = 0,0083, jitter factor = 1,34%, jitter ratio = 13,45%, e QF = 0,447. Para vozes femininas, foram: F0 = 204,87 Hz, coeficiente de variação de F0 = 1,58%, jitterabsoluto = 3,30 Hz, perturbação média relativa = 0,0102, jitter factor = 1,60%, jitter ratio = 16,23%, e QF = 0,443. O tipo de onda foi em 100% da amostra classificada como pulso inclinado em ambos os gêneros. CONCLUSÃO: Houve diferença estatisticamente significante em relação ao gênero para os parâmetros de média F0 e jitterabsoluto. Ao utilizar um programa de análise acústica, os usuários devem basear-se em parâmetros inerentes ao próprio programa para realizar a análise dos dados coletados.

EVA was designed to study various speech production parameters. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to define the mean values for electroglottography tests of Brazilian Portuguese speakers on EVA. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The voices of 20 men and 20 women without voice-related complaints were analyzed through electroglottography so as to obtain reference values for normality. Case study: this is a descriptive cross-sectional study. RESULTS: The mean values for normal male voices were: F0 = 127.77 Hz; F0 coefficient of variation = 2.51%; absolute jitter = 1.707 Hz; relative average perturbation = 0.0083; jitter factor = 1.34%; jitter ratio = 13.45%; QF = 0.447. The values for female voices were: F0 = 204.87 Hz; F0 coefficient of variation = 1.58%; absolute jitter = 3.30Hz; relative average perturbation = 0.0102; jitter factor = 1.60%; jitter ratio = 16.23%; QF= 0.443. Wave type for the entire sample was categorized as tilted pulse. CONCLUSION: Statistically significant differences were found for gender on parameters average FO and absolute jitter. While using acoustic analysis software, users must be based on parameters inherent to the software program when analyzing the collected data.

The effectiveness of three operational strategies for the control of Triatoma dimidiata was compared by a field trial in the Department of Madriz, Nicaragua. One strategy involved full pretrial evaluation, followed by spraying of all houses irrespective of whether or not they had been found to be infested. The second strategy minimised the pretrial evaluation by considering the locality infested as soon as one house was found to be positive, followed by spraying all houses. The third strategy involved full pretrial evaluation, followed by spraying only those houses found to be positive. Evaluation after twelve months indicated that all three strategies were similarly effective, since all sprayed houses remained free of infestation. However, comparative estimates of the unit intervention costs indicated that strategies 1 and 2 were substantially less efficient than the third strategy of spraying only positive houses.

Is it possible to generate an academic proposal of Veterinary Anatomy that offers alternative to the jouths eager of studying and, because of different problems (occupational problems, physical impediments, overlappings horarys, etc.) have no alternative to achiave their aims? To give response to that question and at the same time with the intention of providing a solution, in the Agronomy and Veterinary Faculty of the National University of Litoral (Santa Fe, Argentina) has developed a research proyect in which it has been implemented a not presential didactic modality that attempts to correct the drawbacks outlined by the inflexibility of the present system. Good results have been obtained by means of a modular structure system , permanent tutorials and a mechanism of a continuous and effective autoevaluation , which confirm the hipothesis of the fact that it can be accomplished an educational offer with a good accesible level for those that marginalizes the conventional classroom system

¿Es posible generar una propuesta académica de Anatomía Veterinaria que brinde alternativas a los jóvenes deseosos de estudiar y que por distintas cuestiones (problemas laborales, impedimentos físicos, superposiciones horarias, etc.) no tengan alternativas para hacerlo? Para dar respuesta a esta interrogante y con la intención de aportar una solución, en la Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral (Santa Fe, Argentina), se desarrolló un proyecto de investigación en el que se ha implementado una modalidad didáctica no presencial que intenta subsanar los inconvenientes planteados por la rigidez del sistema presencial. Mediante un sistema de estructuras modulares, tutorías permanentes y un mecanismo de autoevaluación continua y eficaz se han obtenido buenos resultados que confirman la hipótesis de que se puede realizar una oferta educativa de buen nivel, accesible para aquellos que margina el sistema áulico convencional