Abstract Paediatric neuroimaging is distinct from adult imaging, warranting dedicated approaches that take into account the singularities of this population in the selection of the appropriate imaging techniques for each phase of the normal development. The impact of ionising radiation exposure or contrast media usage need to be taken into account when planning or performing paediatric imaging, with risk versus benefit needing a specific assessment in these age groups, especially considering x-ray exposure. Magnetic resonance is radiation free and provides accurate anatomical detail of the brain and spinal cord, being the preferred imaging method in children, despite some reported adverse effects. To produce high quality images, neuroradiologists must be aware that there are several challenges in children mainly due to their small size and immaturity. Non-cooperation is a challenge in this group that demands creativity (with specific devices to use inside the scanners) and fast imaging methods, minimising the use of anaesthetics. The scope of this article is to review the challenges of paediatric neuroimaging, focusing on the specificities of these patients, namely main indications for imaging, risks and concerns regarding the most commonly used neuroimaging techniques available, use of contrast media and the need of sedation or general anaesthesia, and to provide recommendations that optimise safety in paediatric neuroimaging, proposing an algorithm approach based on risk/benefit assessment.

Resumo A neuroimagem pediátrica é uma área específica, diferente do adulto, exigindo uma abordagem particular que tenha em conta as especificidades desta população na seleção de técnicas de imagem apropriadas para cada fase do seu desenvolvimento. O impacto da exposição à radiação ionizante ou contrastes e a análise risco/benefício devem ser tidos em conta na neurorradiologia pediátrica, principalmente quando se utiliza radiação ionizante. A ressonância magnética é uma técnica de imagem que não utiliza radiação e permite obter um maior detalhe anatómico do sistema nervoso central, sendo o método preferencial na idade pediátrica, apesar de algumas desvantagens. Os radiologistas devem ter em atenção que, para produzir imagens de elevada qualidade, existem várias limitações nesta idade, nomeadamente relacionadas com o seu pequeno tamanho e imaturidade. A falta de colaboração nesta faixa etária é um desafio que exige criatividade e métodos de aquisição de imagem rápidos para minimizar o uso de anestesia. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma revisão dos principais desafios da neuroimagem pediátrica, focando nas especificidades destes pacientes, nomeadamente nas principais indicações para realizar exames de imagem, riscos e preocupações relativamente às técnicas de neuroimagem mais usadas, uso de contraste e anestesia e fornecer recomendações que otimizem a segurança na neuroimagem na pediatria, propondo um algoritmo de abordagem baseado na avaliação dos riscos/benefícios.

This study aimed to evaluate the responses in performance, egg quality, and health of internal organs of laying hens of Hisex White lineage. The birds were provided with diets supplemented with organic minerals (OM) + tributyrin, associated or not with a mixture of organic acids (benzoic formic, citric, and phosphoric), compared to a control treatment containing zinc bacitracin (28 ppm). In total, 160 laying hens of the commercial Hisex White lineage of 68 w and an average weight of 1.735 ± 0.025 kg were distributed in 40 experimental plots. The study employed a completely randomized design, with five treatments and eight replications/treatment. The experimental period was divided into seven production cycles of 21 days, totalling 147 experimental days. The variables analysed were egg production and loss, feed intake, mean egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion, and internal and external quality variables of eggs. At the end of the experimental period, the final weight of the birds was measured to evaluate the relative weight of liver and kidneys. No significant effect of the treatments on the productive performance and internal and external quality of the eggs was evident. The association of organic minerals with a mixture of organic acids and tributyrin did not influence the productive performance and internal and external quality of the shell of Hisex White laying hens in the period from 68 to 89 weeks of age.

ABSTRACT The impacts caused on Chaco plant communities by the removal of woody species, together with the effects on the composition and functional structure of herbaceous plants, are still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of anthropization on herb-subshrub communities in preserved and disturbed Chaco areas. Specifically, we examined differences and similarities in species diversity, composition and proportion of life forms in eight areas of Brazilian Chaco. Samples were taken from herb-subshrub communities using 800 1x1m² plots located in disturbed and preserved areas. Among 130 recorded species, 46 were exclusive to disturbed areas. The composition of species differed between preserved and disturbed areas (PERMANOVA; p = 0.001). PCoA ordination analysis showed greater aggregation of the plots in disturbed areas than in preserved areas. In preserved areas, an analysis of indicator species showed Hemicryptophytes species as the most representative life form. In disturbed areas, the proportion of life forms among indicator species was Hemicryptophytes, followed by Therophytes and Chamaephytes. Our study shows evidence that alterations in species composition, structure, and diversity, as well as sets of indicator species, occur in herb-subshrub communities. The removal of trees and bushes leads to a new configuration of this component in Chaco environments.

Abstract: Background: Amaranthus hybridus L. (Amaranthaceae) is an annual, dicotyledonous species that is considered one of the main weed infesting agricultural production systems. Some weeds species are considered host plants to insect pests, serving as “green bridges” for subsequent attacks on the main crop during the season, which can cause significant losses. Recording the occurrence of insects that can reach pest status is important for the deployment of mitigation measures against possible damage and economic losses to crops. The presence of Spodoptera eridania (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has not been previously registered in association with A. hybridus plants. Objective: Thus, the present study is the first report to describe the occurrence of S. eridania on A. hybridus in the municipality of Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Images of the larvae while feeding on A. hybrids were obtained using an Olympus® E-410 digital camera. The pictures were then sent to the Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and IPM (LEMIP) of the Department of Entomology of Lavras Federal University (UFLA) for species identification. Results: We observed S. eridania larvae larger than 7 cm feeding on the inflorescences and leaves of A. hybridus . Conclusions: This note reports the first occurrence of S. eridania larvae feeding on A. hybridus in the city of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.

RESUMO O processo de secagem de grãos é uma prática comum e necessária à manutenção da qualidade, porém é uma das atividades de maior demanda energética dentre as fases pós-colheita. Neste contexto, realizou-se este estudo com objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes períodos de repouso na eficiência energética do processo de secagem e manutenção da integridade das membranas dos grãos colhidos com teor de água de 0,34 ± 0,01 b.s. Os grãos foram secos em um secador experimental de camada fixa com controle de temperatura e fluxo de ar. O experimento foi montado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco períodos de repouso (0, 4, 8, 12 e 16 horas) e quatro repetições, em que zero corresponde à secagem contínua e os demais à secagem intermitente. Os grãos foram secos a 100 ºC de temperatura e fluxo de ar de 15,4 m3 min-1 t-1 até atingir 0,16 ± 0,02 b.s. Para a secagem intermitente, o processo foi interrompido com 0,22 ± 0,03 b.s. e retomado após o período de repouso. O aumento do período de repouso diminuiu o tempo efetivo de secagem, consumo específico de energia, condutividade elétrica, danos da reação do iodo e aumentou a taxa de secagem e eficiência energética global. A secagem intermitente foi 30,25% mais eficiente que contínua.

ABSTRACT Grain drying is a common process, due to its need for the maintenance of quality, but it is the activity with the highest energy demand among the postharvest stages. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different tempering times on the energy efficiency of drying process and maintenance of cell membrane integrity of maize grains harvested with moisture content at 0.34 ± 0.01 d.b. The grains were dried in an experimental fixed-bed dryer with control of temperature and air flow conditions. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five tempering times (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 hours) and four repetitions, where zero corresponds to continuous drying, while the remaining times correspond to the intermittent dryings. The grains were dried at the temperature of 100 ºC and air flow of 15.4 m3 min-1 t-1 until reaching moisture content of 0.16 ± 0.03 d.b. For intermittent drying, the process was interrupted with 0.22 ± 0.02 d.b. and restarted after the tempering time. The increase of tempering time led to reductions in effective drying time, specific energy consumption, electrical conductivity and damage and increase in the drying rate and overall energy efficiency. Intermittent drying reduced the drying time, being 30.25% more efficient than continuous drying.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da suplementação com minerais biocomplexados sobre a qualidade da carne de frangos da linhagem Label Rouge, de ambos os sexos, criados em sistema alternativo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso (DIC), disposto em esquema fatorial (3x2), sendo três dietas (controle; 0,50ppm de selênio; 0,40ppm de cromo) e dois sexos. Para a estabilidade lipídica, foi utilizado o DIC, disposto em esquema fatorial (3x2x2), sendo três dietas, dois sexos e dois tempos de armazenamento (zero e 12 meses). Os parâmetros avaliados no peito e na coxa foram: pH final, cor (L* - luminosidade, a* - índice de vermelho, b* - índice de amarelo, C* - índice de saturação e h* - ângulo de tonalidade), perda de peso por cozimento (PPC), força de cisalhamento (FC) e estabilidade lipídica. Além disso, foram avaliadas a proporção das formas químicas da mioglobina da coxa e a quantificação do conteúdo de selênio no peito. Não houve efeito isolado da dieta sobre os parâmetros físicos e químicos do peito e da coxa e sobre a concentração de selênio no peito. As fêmeas apresentaram médias superiores de L* (57,57), b* (10,55) e C* (10,60) do peito; e os machos de L* (55,09) da coxa. Entre os machos, as aves alimentadas com a dieta controle e com cromo expressaram valores superiores de FC da coxa em relação às suplementadas com selênio; para o tratamento com cromo, os machos apresentaram média superior de FC da coxa e, em contrapartida, para o tratamento com selênio, as fêmeas manifestaram a maior média. As amostras submetidas ao período de 12 meses de armazenamento mostraram maiores valores de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) em ambos os cortes. A suplementação com cromo e selênio biocomplexados não provocou alterações na qualidade da carne; as fêmeas demonstraram melhores atributos de qualidade da carne.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the supplementation with biocomplexed minerals on the quality of the meat of label Rouge lineage chicken, of both genders, reared in an alternative system. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD) in a factorial scheme (3x2), with three diets (control; 0.50ppm of selenium; 0.40ppm of chromium) and two genders. For lipid stability, the CRD arranged in a factorial scheme (3x2x2) was used, being three diets, two genders and two storage times (0 and 12 months). The parameters evaluated in the breast and in the thigh were: final pH, color (L* - luminosity, a* - red index, b* - yellow index, C* - saturation index and h* - tonality angle), weight loss per cooking (WLC), shear force (SF) and lipid stability. In addition, we evaluated the proportion of chemical forms of myoglobin of the thigh and the quantification of selenium content in the breast. There was no isolated effect of diet on the physical and chemical parameters of the breast and thigh and selenium concentration in the breast. Females had higher mean values of L* (57.57), b* (10.55) and C* (10.60) of the breast; and males of L* (55.09) of the thigh. Among males, poultry fed with the control diet and chromium showed higher SF values of the thigh than those supplemented with selenium; for the treatment with chromium, the males presented superior average of SF of the thigh and, in contrast, for the treatment with selenium, the females had the highest average. Samples submitted to the period of 12-month of storage showed higher values of substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) in both cuts. Supplementation with biocomplexed chromium and selenium did not cause changes in meat quality; females presented better attributes of meat quality.

Abstract Periodontal disease is considered the main oral cavity disorder in dogs. Essential oils have the potential for use in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. The antimicrobial activity of Schinus molle L. essential oil (SMEO) has already been reported. Chitosan, a natural product with antimicrobial activity and good biocompatibility has potential in biodental applications. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of SMEO against bacteria associated with periodontal disease in dogs, developed and evaluated the physicochemical properties of a novel chitosan-based buccal delivery system containing SMEO. SMEO showed antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria associated with canine periodontitis, with MIC values of 750 µg.mL-1 for Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp, 1000 µg.mL-1 for Corynebacterium spp. and 1250 µg.mL-1 for Pseudomonas spp. All formulations evaluated presented adequate physicochemical properties, good stability, and pH values close to buccal pH (5.0–7.0). Chitosan gel loaded with SMEO showed potential as a SMEO delivery system, having the ideal physicochemical and rheological properties (pseudoplastic and apparent viscosities) required for application on buccal tissue. Thus, we can conclude that formulation has the potential to be used for buccal mucosa delivery in the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease in dogs.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar quatro índices de seleção e o método REML/BLUP na avaliação de ganhos genéticos preditos das características de interesse ao programa de melhoramento de feijão-de-vagem da UENF. Foram avaliadas 17 linhagens, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em quatro ambientes, Bom Jesus de Itabapoana-RJ, nos anos 2011 e 2012 e Cambuci-RJ, nos anos 2011 e 2013. Avaliaram-se as características de produtividade de vagens e de grãos, número de vagens por planta, número de sementes por vagem e peso de 100 sementes. Para predição de ganhos, os índices de seleção utilizados, foram Pesek & Baker, Smith & Hazel, Mulamba & Mock, Williams, além da metodologia de REML/BLUP. Entre os índices de seleção testados, Mulamba & Mock foi o que apresentou a melhor distribuição dos ganhos entre as variáveis avaliadas, assim como, os maiores coeficientes de coincidência comparado com REML/BLUP, resultando em 62% para produtividade de grãos e produtividade de vagens por planta. O método REML/BLUP permitiu selecionar linhagens com desempenhos relativos altos e obter ganhos simultâneos entre as características avaliadas, sendo superiores em relação aos índices de seleção testados para a cultura de feijão-de-vagem.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare four selection indexes and REML/BLUP methodology in the evaluation of predicted genetic gains of traits of interest in snap bean breeding program. We evaluated 17 selected lines, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates, in four environments, Bom Jesus de Itapaboana-RJ, in 2011 and 2012 and Cambuci-RJ, in 2011 and 2013. The evaluated traits were pod and grain productivity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and weight of 100 seeds. For gain prediction, the employed selection indexes were Pesek & Baker, Smith & Hazel, Mulamba & Mock, Williams and REML/BLUP methodology. Among the tested selection indexes, Mulamba & Mock was the one which showed the best gain distribution considering the tested variables, such as the higher coincidence coefficients in comparison to REML/BLUP, resulting in 62% of grain productivity and pod productivity per plant. The REML/BLUP methodology permitted to select lines with high relative performances and obtained simultaneous gains for the evaluated traits, being superior in relation to the tested selection indexes for snap bean crop.

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Pantanal is an extensive wetland with heterogeneous habitats, primarily due to the river-floodplain system and plants with differential adaptations and reproductive strategies. Factors such as altitude, distance among plant formations, and flood pulse must be considered to better understand its diversity. Aiming to assess the influence of biogeographic patterns in this system, we analyzed the floristic composition of six areas along the Paraguay River, including residual relieves, verifying the pattern of similarity, and effects of distance and altitude. We recorded 356 species in 87 families, mostly perennial (75%), and some annuals (15%) and pluriannuals (5%). Herbaceous plants were the most represented (48%), followed by arboreal (23%), shrubby (15%) and epiphytic (14%) habits, only 12% being endemic to Brazil. The studied areas showed low floristic similarity, but higher resemblance of species between neighboring areas, and no relation with altitude. The upper Paraguay River is diverse, with high spatial variability of species, predominantly perennial. The river-floodplain connectivity may be a determinant factor in species richness and occurrence of endemic species.

To contribute to the development of new products to control the coffee leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeella), which is a major pest for coffee plants, this work aimed to select plant species able to produce substances active against this insect and to identify the active substances in the selected plant and their protein targets in the insect. Among the extracts of nineteen plant species, only that from leaves of Merremia tomentosa (Choisy) Hall. f. (Convolvulaceae) reduced the oviposition of L. coffeella on leaves of coffee plants. This extract was submitted to successive fractionation steps to achieve the isolation and identification of two active substances, ursolic acid (UA) and cis-tiliroside (CT). An in silico study showed that UA inhibits glycogen phosphorylases (GP) by binding to their allosteric site, while CT probably inhibits xanthine dehydrogenases (XT). As both GP and XT appear to be essential enzymes for insects, these results suggest that, during evolution, L. coffeella learned to identify plants producing inhibitors of these enzymes to avoid oviposition on such plants. Thus, both UA and CT have potential to be used as lead compounds in the development of new products for the control of the coffee leaf miner.

Resumo A aptidão cardiorrespiratória (ACR) está associada a vários desfechos de saúde. Algumas equações sem exercício estão disponíveis para estimar a ACR. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a validação dessas equações entre os idosos. Objetivo: O estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de examinar a validade de equações sem exercício com informações auto-relatadas em idosos. Métodos: Os participantes (n = 93) com idades entre 60 e 91 anos foram submetidos ao teste de exercício cardiopulmonar máximo para avaliar a ACR. Cinco equações sem exercício foram selecionadas. Os dados incluídos nas equações (idade, sexo, peso, altura, índice de massa corporal, atividade física e tabagismo) foram auto-relatados. Resultados: O coeficiente de determinação (R2) das regressões lineares com o VO2 pico, medido em laboratório, variou de 0,04 a 0,64. Os gráficos de Bland-Altman mostraram maior concordância entre a ACR obtida e prevista por Jackson e colaboradores, e equações de Wier e colaboradores. Por outro lado, as demais equações mostraram menor concordância e superestimação. Conclusões: Nossos resultados fornecem evidências de que duas equações sem exercício, previamente desenvolvidas, poderiam ser usadas na estimação da ACR em idosos.

Abstract Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with several health outcomes. Some non-exercise equations are available for CRF estimation. However, little is known about the validation of these equations among elderly. The aim of this study was to exam the validity of non-exercise equations with self-reported information in elderly. Participants (n= 93) aged 60 to 91 years measured CRF using maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test. Five non-exercise equations were selected. Data included in the equations (age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, physical activity and smoking) were self-reported. Coefficient of determination (R2) of linear regressions with laboratory-measured VO2 peak ranged from 0.04 to 0.64. The Bland-Altman plots showed higher agreement between achieved and predicted CRF obtained by Jackson and colleagues, and Wier and colleagues equations. On the other hand, the other equations showed lower agreement and overestimation. Our findings provide evidences that two non-exercise equations, previously developed, could be used on the prediction of CRF among elderly.

RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou selecionar progênies F2 de feijão-vagem para caracteres relacionados à produção de vagens e grãos através do procedimento REML/BLUP. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental do Instituto Federal Fluminense (IFF), localizado no município de Bom Jesus do Itabapoana-RJ. Foram semeadas linhas de 55 genótipos, entre eles, 42 progênies F2 oriundas de cruzamentos dialélicos, além dos 13 parentais, utilizados como testemunhas. Cada linha foi composta por 24 plantas, sem repetições e o espaçamento utilizado foi de 1,0x0,5 m. As plantas foram colhidas e avaliadas individualmente para as características produção de vagens verdes por planta e produção de grãos por planta. Foi realizada a seleção entre e dentro de progênies via BLUP utilizando-se o programa Selegen-REML/BLUP. Com base na Máxima Verossimilhança Restrita (REML), foi possível estimar os coeficientes de variação genético e residual de 19,43% e 33,53%, respectivamente para produção de vagens verdes por planta e produção de grãos por planta. Utilizou-se 7,9% de intensidade de seleção, totalizando 100 plantas selecionadas com base no valor genotípico individual. A acurácia estimada para a seleção de progênies foi de 0,5014 para a produção de vagens e 0,5130 para produção de grãos, indicando dificuldades na seleção dos caracteres devido à alta influência ambiental sobre as características de produção. Apesar disso, a predição dos valores genéticos estimados por meio do Melhor Preditor Linear Não-Viesado (BLUP), apontou os cruzamentos Feltrin x UENF 15-23-4, UENF 7-5-1 x UENF 9-24-2 e Feltrin x UENF 14-3-3 como as progênies mais promissoras, com ganhos de 65,66 g, 61,49g e 57,63 g, respectivamente na produção de vagens verdes e 52,45 g, 46,96 g e 49,29 g, respectivamente na produção de grãos. O ganho genético aditivo predito com a seleção foi de 36,05% na produção de grãos, e 33,5% na produção de vagens verdes. Conclui-se que a seleção via BLUP para a produção de vagens e grãos possibilitou a predição e obtenção de ganhos genéticos significativos para o melhoramento do feijão-vagem nas próximas gerações.

Conduziu-se uma experiência não irrigada com um delineamento de blocos casualizados, num esquema de parcelas sub-sub-divididas sob cinco doses de Azoto, quatro de Fósforo e três repetições para cada tratamento, em Alegre (ES), para estimar níveis de adubação das cultivares. Utilizou-se a função de produção para obter o máximo físico e óptimo económico. As cultivares constituíram as parcelas, o fósforo as sub-parcelas e o azoto as sub-sub-parcelas. Observou-se a ausência de significância para o fósforo e para as suas interações. E significância para os outros fatores. Realizou-se uma análise envolvendo os fatores Genótipo e Azoto por meio do modelo estatístico de parcela sub-sub-dividida. A estimativa da produtividade (t ha-1) obteve um ajuste estatístico significativo (p < 0,05) ao modelo de segunda ordem. Os resultados indicaram respostas positivas na produtividade física em função da adubação azotada. A receita líquida operacional foi positiva para cvs. Guaçu/IZ.2, Cameroon-Piracicaba e Cana D’África, com os respectivos valores R$ 326,80; R$ 219,54 e R$ 281,49 sem utilização do azoto, devido ao baixo preço da tonelada do capim (R$ 41,82) e elevado preço da tonelada do azoto (R$ 2.670,00). Conclui-se que há possibilidade de manipular a produção de capim-elefante para fins energéticos sem a utilização da adubação azotada.

An experiment was conducted without irrigation in randomized block design, in a split-split plot design under five levels of nitrogenand four levels of phosphorus with three replicates for each treatment, in Alegre (ES), to estimate fertilization levels of cultivars. A function of production was used to obtain the levels of physical maximun and optimal economics. The cultivars were integrated in the plots, phosphorus in the subplots and nitrogen were integrated in the subsubplots. There was no significance for phosphorus and their interactions. The other factors showed significance. Therefore, we performed another analysis involving Genotype and Nitrogen factors through statistical model split split plot in space. The estimated productivity (t ha-1) obtained a significant statistical adjustment (p < 0,05) to the second-order model for the surveyed cultivars. The results indicated positive responses to physical productivity depending on nitrogen fertilization.The net operating revenue was positive for Guaçu/IZ.2, Cameroon-Piracicaba and Cana D’África, whose values were 326.80 R$; 219.54 R$ and 281.49 R$, respectively, without nitrogen fertilization, because of the low grass price (41.82 R$ per ton) and the high nitrogen quote (2,670.00 R$ per ton). Thus, it can be concluded that there is a possibility to manage the production of elephant grass for energy purposes without the use of nitrogen fertilization.

Abstract The elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) is a tropical perennial forage plant with high biomass production that adapts to various soil and climatic conditions in Brazil. Stability is defined as the consistency in performance of genotypes in different environments. The aim of the present study was to estimate stability parameters by the Eberhart and Russel method, and to select elephant grass genotypes with forage production stability and high-yield in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. Five harvests were made for evaluation in two years. The experimental design was arranged as randomized blocks design, with 80 treatments and two replicates. After the individual analysis of variance for dry matter yield, a combined split-plot analysis was performed. Mean values from each harvest as well as overall means of the genotypes in the five harvests were grouped using the Scott-Knott test (p≤0.05). To obtain the estimates of stability over time, the method of Eberhart and Russell was used, considering the genotypes and successive harvests as environments. Genotypes Pasto Panamá, IJ 7136 cv. EMPASC 307, CAC-262, 02 AD IRI, 08 AD IRI, and Gigante de Pinda showed high forage production and phenotypic stability over the five harvests.

Resumen El pasto elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) es una planta forrajera perenne tropical con producción alta de biomasa que se adapta a diferentes condiciones edafoclimáticas en Brasil. La estabilidad se define como la consistencia en el rendimiento de los genotipos en ambientes diferentes. El objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar parámetros de estabilidad por el método de Eberhart y Russell, y seleccionar genotipos de pasto elefante con la estabilidad de la producción de forraje y de rendimiento alto en Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil. Cinco cosechas se realizaron en dos años de evaluación. El diseño experimental fue de bloques al azar, con 80 tratamientos y dos repeticiones. Después del análisis individual de la varianza del rendimiento de materia seca, se aplicó análisis de parcelas divididas. Los valores medios de cada cosecha y las medias de rendimento de los genotipos en cinco cosechas se agruparon con la prueba de Scott-Knott (p≤0.05). Para obtener las estimaciones de la estabilidad en el tiempo se usó el método de Eberhart y Russell y los genotipos y cosechas sucesivas se consideraron como ambientes. Los genotipos Pasto Panamá, IJ 7136 cv. EMPASC 307, CAC-262, 02 AD IRI, 08 AD IRI y Gigante de Pinda mostraron producción alta de forraje y estabilidad fenotípica en las cinco cosechas.

Annually, several tons of residues that are rich in phenolic compounds are produced during the processing of acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) juice. Adding value to these residues is of great interest, since they can be a viable solution in the search for natural substances with insecticidal action and low impact on the environment and humans. Taking into account the economic losses from the attacks by the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in different crops, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the extract of acerola bagasse flour (ABF) against this insect and determine the phenolic compounds in this extract. Bagasse of acerola (BRS238 or Frutacor clon) generated after juice production, was frozen and lyophilized. To obtain the extract, 6 g ABF was mixed with 60 mL acetone:water solution (7:3 v/v), and the extract was lyophilized. Spodoptera frugiperda caterpillars, 48 h-old, obtained by the maintenance breeding, were transferred to glass tubes supplied with an artificial diet containing the ABF extract at 0, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg L-1 diet. The following variables were evaluated: duration and survival of larval and pupal stages, pupal weight, sex ratio, adult longevity, oviposition period, number of egg masses, and total number of eggs. The ABF extract contained several phenolic compounds including gallic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, catechin, p-coumaric acid, salicylic acid, and quercetin. The extract was toxic to S. frugiperda, prolonging the pre-pupal stage and increasing the mortality of caterpillars.