RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi extrair lignina de Eucalyptus sp. licor negro kraft e avaliar a influência de sua adição nas propriedades do adesivo lignina-fenol-formaldeído. Os adesivos foram sintetizados em diferentes porcentagens de massa de fenol por lignina, denominados adesivos lignina-fenol-formaldeído nas proporções de 25, 30, 50, 75 e 80%. Os parâmetros avaliados nos adesivos foram pH, teor de sólidos totais, teor de compostos orgânicos, teor de compostos inorgânicos, tempo de gelatinização e comportamento do adesivo na linha de cola. O pH variou de 10,63 a 11,65. Para o teor de sólidos totais foi encontrado o valor de 53 a 69%. Os teores de compostos orgânicos variaram de 51 a 75% e de inorgânicos de 25 a 49%. Observou-se que com a adição da macromolécula na formulação do adesivo, o teor de sólidos totais e orgânicos foi reduzido proporcionalmente enquanto o de sólidos inorgânicos foi elevado. O tempo de gelatinização foi reduzido devido à adição de lignina. As menores proporções de adição apresentaram melhor penetração e fluidez na interface com a madeira. A lignina kraft extraída do licor negro kraft de eucalipto é um ótimo adesivo com potencial para substituir parcialmente o fenol derivado do petróleo, com grande potencial para uso e aplicação nos setores aeronáutico e automotivo, no processo de colagem de peças estruturais. RESUMO sp ligninafenolformaldeído. ligninafenolformaldeído formaldeído. formaldeído 30 50 7 80 80% cola 1063 10 63 10,6 1165 11 65 11,65 5 69 69% 2 49 49% Observouse Observou se elevado madeira petróleo automotivo estruturais 3 8 106 1 6 10, 116 11,6 4 11,

ABSTRACT: The objective of this research was to extract lignin from Eucalyptus sp. kraft black liquor and to evaluate the influence of its addition on the properties of the lignin-phenol-formaldehyde adhesive. The adhesives were synthesized at different phenol mass percentages by lignin, called lignin-phenol-formaldehyde adhesives in the proportions of 25, 30, 50, 75 and 80%. The parameters evaluated in the adhesives were pH, total solid content, organic compound content, inorganic compound content, gelatinization time and adhesive behavior in the glue line. The pH ranged from 10.63 to 11.65. For the total solid content was found the value of 53 to 69 %. The contents of organic compounds ranged from 51 to 75% and inorganic from 25 to 49%. It was observed that with the addition of macromolecule in the adhesive formulation, the total and organic solid content was reduced proportionally while the inorganic solid was high. The gelatinization time was reduced due to the addition of lignin. The lower proportions of addition presented better penetration and fluidity in interface with the wood. The kraft lignin extracted from eucalyptus kraft black liquor is a great adhesive with potential to partially replace petroleum-derived phenol, with great potential for use and application in the aeronautical and automotive sectors, in the bonding process of structural parts. ABSTRACT sp ligninphenolformaldehyde formaldehyde 30 50 7 80 80% line 1063 10 63 10.6 1165 11 65 11.65 5 6 % 2 49 49% formulation high wood petroleumderived petroleum derived sectors parts 3 8 106 1 10. 116 11.6 4 11.

This work describes the multigram-scale synthesis of the building-block N1 (7 chloroquinolin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine via sonochemistry and its use in the synthesis of seven new quinoline-thiazole hybrids endowed with interesting anticancer activity. Target compounds were planned based on the drugs chloroquine and primaquine and the desired thiazoles were obtained through the Hantzsch thiazole synthesis, without the use of catalysts, by reacting key intermediate 1-(2-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)ethyl)thiourea, obtained in two-steps from N1 (7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine, with different 2-bromoacetophenones. The novel molecules were assessed against four different leukemia cell lines (HL60, K562, KASUMI-1, and KG-1) plus normal fibroblasts (L929), using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazol)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and showed, overall, a high cytotoxic profile, but with interesting selectivity index, especially against K562 cells (1.89 to 5.50), when compared to standard doxorubicin (3.51). Docking studies suggest that all tested derivatives are able to interact with BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase enzyme, and, therefore, these molecules may be promising leads against chronic myeloid leukemia. multigramscale multigram scale buildingblock building block N 7 ( chloroquinolin4ylethane1,2diamine chloroquinolin4ylethane12diamine chloroquinolinylethanediamine chloroquinolin 4 yl ethane 1,2 diamine 1 2 quinolinethiazole quinoline activity catalysts 127chloroquinolin4ylaminoethylthiourea, 127chloroquinolin4ylaminoethylthiourea chloroquinolinylaminoethylthiourea amino ethyl thiourea, thiourea 1-(2-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)ethyl)thiourea twosteps two steps 7chloroquinolin4ylethane1,2diamine, 7chloroquinolin4ylethane12diamine diamine, (7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine 2bromoacetophenones. 2bromoacetophenones bromoacetophenones bromoacetophenones. 2-bromoacetophenones HL60, HL60 HL (HL60 K KASUMI1, KASUMI1 KASUMI 1, KASUMI-1 KG1 KG KG-1 L929, L929 L , (L929) 34,5dimethyl2thiazol2,5diphenyl2Htetrazolium 345dimethyl2thiazol25diphenyl2Htetrazolium dimethylthiazoldiphenylHtetrazolium 3 4,5 dimethyl thiazol 2,5 diphenyl 2H tetrazolium 5 H MTT (MTT assay showed overall profile index K56 1.89 189 89 (1.8 5.50, 550 5.50 50 5.50) 3.51. 351 3.51 . 51 (3.51) BCRABL1 BCRABL BCR ABL1 ABL BCR-ABL enzyme therefore chloroquinolin4ylethane1 2diamine ylethane 12 ylaminoethylthiourea 7chloroquinolin4ylethane1 7chloroquinolin4ylethane1,2diamine HL6 (HL6 KASUMI- KG- L92 (L929 34 5dimethyl2thiazol2 5diphenyl2Htetrazolium Htetrazolium 45 4, 25 2, K5 1.8 18 8 (1. 55 5.5 35 3.5 (3.51 chloroquinolinylethane chloroquinolin4ylethane 7chloroquinolin4ylethane (HL L9 (L92 dimethylthiazol 5dimethyl2thiazol diphenylHtetrazolium 1. (1 5. 3. (3.5 (L9 (3. (L (3

Abstract: Diagonal–free two–dimensional cylindric algebras (Df2−algebras for short) are Boolean algebras enriched with two existential quantifiers which commute. Df2−algebras were introduced by A. Tarski, L. Chin and F. Thompson with the purpose of providing an algebraic device for the study of the first–order predicate calculus with two variables. This work is devoted to problems related to finite Df2−algebras. More precisely, we study and describe the family of subalgebras of a given finite Df2−algebra. Then, identifying the algebras of this family which are isomorphic, we provide a full description of the lattice of all non–isomorphic subalgebras of a given finite Df2−algebra.

ABSTRACT: The growing worldwide demand in the pulp market has fostered research that evaluates alternative fiber sources with specific characteristics that attend the needs of the consumer market, with a view to add value to the final product and reduce production costs. Acacia mearnsii De Wild wood is a by-product of the extraction of tannin from the trunk bark, used for firewood, charcoal and pellets. However, its wood is still poorly studied, especially its anatomical characteristics, which can provide important information about its industrial potential. This study evaluated the anatomical characteristics of Acacia mearnsii wood for the production of pulp and paper. Ten trees at approximately seven years old were cut down, five from the seed production area (SPA) and five from the clonal population area (CPA). From each tree, one trunk disc was sectioned at the diameter at breast height (DBH), resulting in 10 (ten) wood samples. From each disc, a sapwood specimen was made oriented in the tangential longitudinal, radial longitudinal and transversal planes, for later obtaining the anatomical cuts and the macerates. The anatomical description of the wood followed the recommendations of the International Association of Wood Anatomists-IAWA. From the dimensions of the fibers, their quality evaluation ratios for the production of pulp and paper were calculated. Results obtained from the anatomical characterization allowed to conclude that the Acacia mearnsii woods from SPA and CPA are indicated as a source of raw material for the pulp and paper production. ABSTRACT costs byproduct by bark firewood pellets However studied potential down (SPA CPA. . (CPA) tree DBH, DBH , (DBH) 1 ten (ten samples planes macerates AnatomistsIAWA. AnatomistsIAWA Anatomists IAWA. IAWA Anatomists-IAWA fibers calculated (CPA (DBH

RESUMO: A crescente demanda mundial do mercado de polpa celulósica tem fomentado pesquisas que avaliem fontes de fibras alternativas com características específicas que atendam às necessidades do mercado consumidor, visando agregar valor ao produto final e reduzir os custos de produção. No estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, o lenho de Acacia mearnsii De Wild é considerado um subproduto da extração de tanino da casca do tronco, utilizada como lenha, carvão e pellets. No entanto, ainda é pouco estudado, em especial suas características anatômicas, as quais podem fornecer informações importantes sobre suas potencialidades industriais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as características anatômicas do lenho de Acacia mearnsii para a produção de celulose e papel. Foram coletadas dez árvores com aproximadamente sete anos de idade, sendo cinco provenientes da área de produção de sementes (APS) e cinco da área de povoamento clonal (APC). De cada árvore, foi seccionado um disco do tronco na altura do DAP, resultando em dez amostras de lenho. De cada disco, foi confeccionado um corpo de prova do alburno, orientado nos planos longitudinal tangencial, longitudinal radial e transversal, para posterior obtenção dos cortes anatômicos e dos macerados. A descrição anatômica do lenho seguiu as recomendações da Associação Internacional de Anatomistas da Madeira-IAWA. A partir das dimensões das fibras, foram calculados os seus índices de avaliação da qualidade para a produção de celulose e papel. Os resultados obtidos da caracterização anatômica permitiram concluir que os lenhos de Acacia mearnsii provenientes de APS e APC são indicados como matérias-primas para a produção de celulose e papel. RESUMO consumidor Sul Brasil lenha pellets entanto estudado industriais papel idade (APS APC. . (APC) árvore DAP alburno tangencial transversal macerados MadeiraIAWA. MadeiraIAWA Madeira IAWA. IAWA Madeira-IAWA matériasprimas matérias primas (APC

This work describes the synthesis of new 1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one sulfonamides and evaluation of their ability to inhibit some in vitro (coagulant, proteolytic and hemolytic) and in vivo (hemorrhagic, edematogenic and lethality) toxic activities of Bothrops jararaca and Bothrops jararacussu venoms. Compounds have been synthesized from the coupling of intermediate 5-amino-6 methoxybenzo[d][1,3]oxathiol-2-one 4 with benzenesulfonyl chlorides. Characterization of the products was achieved by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS) techniques. Biological assay results have shown that most of compounds inhibited the main toxic activities of the venom of the two snake species. Compound 5b (N-(6 methoxy-2 oxobenzo[d][1,3]oxathiol-5-yl)-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide) was the most efficient in inhibiting hemolysis of B. jararaca, and coagulation and proteolysis induced by both venoms. For in vivo activities, all compounds inhibited the edema, from 35 to 72%, and most of them exhibited antihemorrhagic and antilethality activities. Thus, the results pointed to the biological potential of these compounds, being promising molecules to treat envenomation by these snakes as well as to aid the current antivenom serum therapy.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre práticas para a atuação do psicólogo escolar, bem como seus impactos no fortalecimento de coletivos no compromisso com a transformação de contextos educacionais durante o período da pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19). Assume-se como perspectiva teórico-metodológica as proposições desenvolvidas por Lev Vygotsky e outros estudiosos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural. Como enfoque das discussões lançadas, destacam-se o relato e a análise de duas práticas desenvolvidas por psicólogos-pesquisadores, inseridos nos campos da Educação Básica e da Educação Superior, durante o período de isolamento social ocasionado pela pandemia. Em ambos os contextos, e como eixo norteador das discussões, a arte é tomada como instrumento mediador, ou seja, como uma forma de linguagem potente que possibilita a ressignificação de si e do mundo. Ressalta-se a importância de o psicólogo escolar reconhecer-se como profissional cujo papel fundamental é o investimento na construção, na manutenção e na transformação dos vínculos estabelecidos entre os diferentes atores inseridos nesses contextos educacionais.

Abstract This article is intended to spur reflections on school psychologist’s remote practices and its impacts on the strengthening of collectives in the commitment for the transformation of educational frameworks during the pandemic period caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19). The propositions of Lev Vygotsky and other scholars from the Cultural-Historical Theory set the theoretical-methodological grounds for the discussions and analysis presented. The data derived from two online interventions – one in Basic Education and another in Higher Education – developed by the authors of this paper during the period of social isolation caused by the pandemic. In both contexts, and as the guiding axis of our discussions, art was used as a mediating tool, a cultural instrument that through aesthetic experience promotes the creation of new meanings and senses of oneself, of others and the world. The importance of the school psychologist to recognize him/herself as a professional whose main role is to invest in the construction, maintenance, and transformation of the bonds established among the different actors inserted in educational contexts was emphasized.

Abstract Seven isolates from patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Amazon region of Brazil were phenotypically suggestive of Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis/L. (V.) shawi hybrids. In this work, two molecular targets were employed to check the hybrid identity of the putative hybrids. Heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) gene sequences were analyzed by three different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approaches, and two different patterns of inherited hsp70 alleles were found. Three isolates presented heterozygous L. (V.) guyanensis/L. (V.) shawi patterns, and four presented homozygous hsp70 patterns involving only L. (V.) shawi alleles. The amplicon sequences confirmed the RFLP patterns. The high-resolution melting method detected variant heterozygous and homozygous profiles. Single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping/cleaved amplified polymorphic site analysis suggested a higher contribution from L. (V.) guyanensis in hsp70 heterozygous hybrids. Additionally, PCR-RFLP analysis targeting the enzyme mannose phosphate isomerase (mpi) gene indicated heterozygous and homozygous cleavage patterns for L. (V.) shawi and L. (V.) guyanensis, corroborating the hsp70 findings. In this communication, we present molecular findings based on partial informative regions of the coding sequences of hsp70 and mpi as markers confirming that some of the parasite strains from the Brazilian Amazon region are indeed hybrids between L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (V.) shawi.

A investigação delimitou como objeto de estudo a formação e a experiência docente com alunos que possuem deficiência e/ou Necessidades Educacionais Especiais, buscando o entendimento que docentes universitários possuem acerca do processo inclusivo, bem como as práticas inclusivas realizadas por eles em cursos de licenciatura. A abordagem metodológica qualitativa, permitiu utilizar entrevistas semiestruturadas com docentes de duas instituições públicas federais localizadas nos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais. A análise de dados permitiu identificar que as ações pedagógicas desenvolvidas pelos sujeitos devem respeitar os ideais inclusivos, mas que as barreiras atitudinais, físicas e o déficit na formação docente são questões que podem levar ao processo de inclusão marginal, transformando as escolas em ambientes perversos, não possibilitando, as vezes, a participação efetiva dos alunos no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. É preciso avançar no entendimento de que o aluno com deficiência e/ou Necessidades Educacionais Especiais requer responsabilidade de todos, portanto, as instituições precisam apoiar o corpo docente no processo de formação continuada para que seja efetiva a formação inicial dos futuros professores que atuarão na educação básica inclusiva. As análises revelaram ainda a preocupação com a adesão em cursos voltados para os formadores sobre a educação inclusiva, além da necessidade de informações que possam orientar o professor caso ele tenha em sala de aula um aluno com deficiência e/ou Necessidades Educacionais Especiais. O estudo evidenciou que o ideal da educação inclusiva é consoante com a busca de igualdade de direitos, tanto no que se refere à escolarização quanto à participação social.

The investigation delimited the training and teaching experience of students with disabilities and / or Special Educational Needs as the object of study, seeking the understanding that university teachers have about the inclusive process, as well as the inclusive practices performed by them in undergraduate courses. The qualitative methodological approach allowed to use semi-structured interviews with professors from two federal public institutions located in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. The data analysis allowed to identify that the pedagogical actions developed by the subjects must respect the inclusive ideals, but that the attitudinal, physical barriers and the deficit in teacher education are issues that can lead to the process of marginal inclusion, transforming schools in perverse environments, sometimes not allowing the effective participation of students in the teaching-learning process. It is necessary to advance in the understanding that students with disabilities and Special Educational Needs require everyone's responsibility, therefore, institutions need to support the teaching staff in the process of continuing education so that the initial training of future teachers who will work in education is effective. inclusive basic. The analyzes also revealed the concern with adherence to courses aimed at trainers on inclusive education, in addition to the need for information that can guide the teacher if he has a student with a disability and / or Special Educational Needs in the classroom. The study showed that the ideal of inclusive education is consistent with the search for equal rights, both regarding schooling and social participation.

Resumo A alopecia é uma complicação comum da terapia anticoagulante que pode ter repercussões psicológicas importantes nos pacientes, especialmente nos do sexo feminino, e interferir na decisão de extensão da anticoagulação. Esta revisão tem como objetivo descrever os mecanismos potencialmente envolvidos na gênese da alopecia durante a terapia anticoagulante, pois eles ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidos, e as terapias existentes, para a adoção das condutas mais adequadas.

Abstract Alopecia is a common complication of anticoagulant therapy that may have important psychological repercussions for patients, especially female patients, and can interfere with the decision to extend anticoagulation. This review aims to describe the mechanisms potentially involved in the genesis of alopecia during anticoagulant therapy, since these are not yet fully understood, and discusses the existing therapies for the most appropriate management.

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é apresentar uma meta-síntese da economia política do lulo-petismo. Trata-se do resultado parcial de projeto de pesquisa e se insere na discussão mais geral sobre desenvolvimento econômico com foco nas relações do Estado brasileiro no último decênio. As aproximações sucessivas ao tema levaram a apreender as contradições entre as frações de classe do bloco no poder e o governo Lula. A análise da totalidade social é pressuposto da investigação com base teórico-metodológica na crítica da economia política, através da utilização da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com base no novo-desenvolvimentismo na Era Lula (2003-2016), atentando para as condições econômicas, políticas e sociais do Brasil nesse lapso temporal. Conclui-se que a crise internacional do capital desde 2008 assinala consequências drásticas para as economias latino-americanas e com o fim do ciclo das commodities fez regredir a afluência social do neodesenvolvimentismo no país.

Abstract The purpose of this article is to present a meta-synthesis of the political-economy of the administrations of President Lula and his Workers Party. It is the partial result of a research project and is part of a broader discussion about economic development with a focus on relations of the Brazilian state in the past ten years. Various approaches to the issue have allowed understanding the contradictions between the factions of class of the block in power and the Lula government. The analysis of the social totality is a presumption of the investigation whose theoretical methodological base is a criticism of the economic policy through the use of bibliographic and documentary research, based on the neo-developmentalism of the Lula era (2003-2016). It focuses on the economic, political and social conditions of Brazil in this time period. The article concludes that the international crisis of capital since 2008 had drastic consequences for the Latin American economies and with the end of the cycle of commodities, caused regression in the social affluence of neo-developmentalism in the country.

Resumo Explorar o tema da educação inclusiva requer que discutamos a formação de professores e de seus formadores no que tange às práticas e significações sobre a diversidade humana. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a formação e as práticas de docentes universitários, atuantes em cursos de licenciatura, no que se refere aos pressupostos inclusivos. Para tanto foram analisadas, por meio da abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa descrita por González Rey, as respostas ao instrumento de autopreenchimento aplicados em 26 professores atuantes nos cursos de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas, Química e Física de duas universidades públicas federais. Em geral, os dados nos mostram que a formação dos formadores é pouca ou nenhuma no que se refere à inclusão escolar e à aprendizagem de alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais. As barreiras atitudinais também puderam ser notadas em parte das respostas, demonstrando que esse é um problema que está longe de ser ultrapassado e configura um entrave para o sucesso do processo inclusivo. Além desses fatores, foi evidente que existe pouco apoio institucional e que as condições de inclusão nas universidades participantes ainda precisam de grandes mudanças para a efetivação desse processo. Entendemos que os resultados poderão subsidiar e ampliar a discussão da área de formação de professores, contribuindo, também, para (re)pensarmos as práticas docentes nos espaços envolvidos.

Abstract Exploring the theme of inclusive education requires that we discuss the training of teachers and their trainers, concerning the practices and meanings about human diversity. The goal of this paper is to analyze the training and practices of professors working in graduate courses with teaching degrees in relation to inclusive assumptions. In order to do so, the responses to the self-filling instrument applied in 26 professors who took part in the courses in Biological Sciences, Chemistry and Physics of two federal public universities were analyzed through the qualitative research approach described by González Rey. In general, the data show that the training of trainers referring to school inclusion and learning of students with special educational needs is little to none. Attitudinal barriers could also be noticed in some of the responses, demonstrating that this is a problem that is far from being overcome and constitutes an obstacle to the success of the inclusive process. In addition to these factors, it was evident that there is little institutional support and that the conditions for inclusion in the participating universities still require major changes for the process to be effective. We understand that the results can offer subsidies to a broaden discussion on the field of teacher training, also contributing to (re)thinking the teaching practices in the spaces involved.

RESUMO A fim de melhorar a eficácia global da produção de energia, uma estratégia é o modelo de biorrefinarias, em que todos os componentes de biomassa são totalmente utilizados para produzir uma gama de produtos de maior valor agregado. A lignina kraft é um dos produtos oriundos do processo de produção de celulose e que pode ser utilizado na confecção de materiais densificados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento da adição da lignina extraída do licor negro kraft em briquetes confeccionados com resíduos da indústria moveleira na forma de maravalha e partículas de painéis; em diferentes proporções. Os briquetes foram produzidos em briquetadeira laboratorial, usando as temperaturas de 60, 75 e 90 oC. O tempo de compactação e resfriamento foi de 5 minutos e pressão 68,9 x 105 N.m-2 (1000 PSI). A qualidade dos briquetes foi avaliada em função da determinação da propriedade mecânica. Determinou-se a carga de ruptura dos briquetes. A adição de lignina kraft aos resíduos de madeira nas proporções e temperatura adequadas apresentou vantagens de aumento de resistência mecânica dos briquetes. A lignina kraft apresentou vantagens como aglutinante na produção de briquetes de resíduo de madeira na temperatura de compactação de 90 OC com adição de 20% de lignina kraft e temperaturas de 60 e 75 OC de compactação na proporção de adição de 40 e 60% de lignina kraft, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT In order to improve global effectiveness of energy production, a strategy is the model of bio-refineries in which all the components of biomass are totally used to produce a range of products with aggregated value. The kraft lignin is one of the products originated in the process of cellulose production that can be used in making densified products. The objective of this work was to evaluate the behavior of the addition of extracted kraft lignin of black kraft liquor in briquette manufactures with furniture industry waste, in the form of shavings and panel particles in different proportions. The briquettes were produced in laboratory briquetting, using the temperatures of 60, 75 and 90 oC. The pressing and cooling time was 5 minutes and pressure 68,9 x 105 N.m-2 (1000 PSI). The briquette quality was evaluated through determining the mechanical properties. The kraft lignin in adequate proportions and temperature showed advantages in the increase of resistance and the durability of the briquettes. The kraft lignin presented advantages such as agglutinative in briquette productions from wood waste at a pressing temperature of 90 oC with addition of 20% of kraft lignin, and at pressing temperatures of 60 and 75 oC at a proportion of addition of 40 and 60% of kraft lignin to wood waste, respectively.

Resumo Este estudo, baseado na Psicologia Histórico-cultural, visa analisar os espaços de configuração de sentidos da docência que emergem nas atividades desenvolvidas por 16 licenciandos de diferentes cursos nas dinâmicas formativas ofertadas pelo Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID). Amparada por uma metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa, as informações foram construídas por meio de grupos focais de discussão e questionário de complemento de frases. No processo de análise, leituras aprofundadas dos dados deram origem aos indicadores que possibilitaram a construção de dois núcleos de significação: o PIBID e a relação prática da docência e o PIBID e a provocação reflexiva. Os resultados evidenciam o PIBID como importante espaço para a formação, pois oferece elementos centrais para a configuração da docência como profissão que toma o conhecimento da realidade escolar como premissa para a ampliação da reflexão no processo continuo de repensar a escolha da docência e o compromisso com o ensino e aprendizagem das futuras gerações.

Abstract This study, based on Psychology Historical-cultural, aims to analyze the configuration spaces of directions of teaching that emerge in the activities developed by 16 different undergraduate courses in formative dynamics offered by the Institutional Scholarship Program Introduction to Teaching (PIBID). Supported by a qualitative research methodology, the information was built through focus group discussions and phrases complement questionnaire. In the process of analysis, in-depth data readings gave rise to indicators that allowed the construction of two meaning cores: the PIBID and practical relationship of teaching, and PIBID and reflective provocation. The results show PIBID as an important space for training, it offers central to the teaching of the configuration as a profession that takes the knowledge of school reality as a premise for the extension of the reflection in the ongoing process of rethinking the choice of teaching and commitment teaching and learning of future generations.

Resumen Este estudio, basado en la Psicología Histórico-cultural, tiene el objetivo de analizar los espacios de configuraciones de sentidos de la docencia que emergen en las actividades desarrolladas por 16 licenciandos de diferentes cursos en las dinámicas formativas ofrecidas por el Programa Institucional de Becas de Iniciación a la Docencia (PIBID). Amparadas por una metodología cualitativa de pesquisa, las informaciones fueron construidas por medio de grupos focales de discusión y cuestionario de complemento de frases. El proceso de análisis, lecturas profundizadas de los datos dieron origen a los indicadores que posibilitaran la construcción de dos núcleos de significación: el PIBID y la relación práctica de la docencia, y el PIBID y la provocación reflexiva. Los resultados evidencian el PIBID como importante espacio para la formación, pues ofrece elementos centrales para la configuración de la docencia como profesión que toma el conocimiento de la realidad escolar como premisa a la ampliación de la reflexión en el proceso continuo de repensar la escoja de la docencia y el compromiso con la enseñanza y aprendizaje de las futuras generaciones.

A rapid decrease in parasitaemia remains the major goal for new antimalarial drugs and thus, in vivo models must provide precise results concerning parasitaemia modulation. Hydroxyethylamine comprise an important group of alkanolamine compounds that exhibit pharmacological properties as proteases inhibitors that has already been proposed as a new class of antimalarial drugs. Herein, it was tested the antimalarial property of new nine different hydroxyethylamine derivatives using the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Plasmodium bergheistrain. By comparing flow cytometry and microscopic analysis to evaluate parasitaemia recrudescence, it was observed that flow cytometry was a more sensitive methodology. The nine hydroxyethylamine derivatives were obtained by inserting one of the following radical in the para position: H, 4Cl, 4-Br, 4-F, 4-CH3, 4-OCH3, 4-NO2, 4-NH2 and 3-Br. The antimalarial test showed that the compound that received the methyl group (4-CH3) inhibited 70% of parasite growth. Our results suggest that GFP-transfected P. berghei is a useful tool to study the recrudescence of novel antimalarial drugs through parasitaemia examination by flow cytometry. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the insertion of a methyl group at the para position of the sulfonamide ring appears to be critical for the antimalarial activity of this class of compounds.

Introduction The relationship between severe clinical manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and immune response profiles has not yet been clarified, despite numerous studies on the subject. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cytokine profiles and the presence of immunological markers associated with clinical manifestations and, particularly, signs of severity, as defined in a protocol drafted by the Ministry of Health (Brazil). Methods We conducted a prospective, descriptive study between May 2008 and December 2009. This study was based on an assessment of all pediatric patients with VL who were observed in a reference hospital in Maranhão. Results Among 27 children, 55.5% presented with more than one sign of severity or warning sign. Patients without signs of severity or warning signs and patients with only one warning sign had the highest interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels, although their interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels were also elevated. In contrast, patients with the features of severe disease had the lowest IFN-γ levels. Three patients who presented with more than two signs of severe disease died; these patients had undetectable interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IFN-γ levels and low IL-10 levels, which varied between 0 and 36.8pg/mL. Conclusions Our results showed that disease severity was associated with low IFN-γ levels and elevated IL-10 levels. However, further studies with larger samples are needed to better characterize the relationship between disease severity and cytokine levels, with the aim of identifying immunological markers of active-disease severity.