Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between diabetes and cognitive performance in a nationally representative study in Brazil. We also aimed to investigate the interaction between frailty and diabetes on cognitive performance. A cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) baseline data that included adults aged 50 years and older was conducted. Linear regression models were used to study the association between diabetes and cognitive performance. A total of 8,149 participants were included, and a subgroup analysis was performed in 1,768 with hemoglobin A1c data. Diabetes and hemoglobin A1c levels were not associated with cognitive performance. Interaction of hemoglobin A1c levels with frailty status was found on global cognitive z-score (P-value for interaction=0.038). These results suggested an association between higher hemoglobin A1c levels and lower cognitive performance only in non-frail participants. Additionally, undiagnosed diabetes with higher hemoglobin A1c levels was associated with both poor global cognitive (β=-0.36; 95%CI: -0.62; -0.10, P=0.008) and semantic verbal fluency performance (β=-0.47; 95%CI: -0.73; -0.21, P=0.001). In conclusion, higher hemoglobin A1c levels were associated with lower cognitive performance among non-frail participants. Higher hemoglobin A1c levels without a previous diagnosis of diabetes were also related to poor cognitive performance. Future longitudinal analyses of the ELSI-Brazil study will provide further information on the role of frailty in the association of diabetes and glycemic control with cognitive decline. Brazil crosssectional cross sectional ELSIBrazil ELSI (ELSI-Brazil 5 conducted 8149 8 149 8,14 1768 1 768 1,76 Ac c zscore z score Pvalue P value interaction=0.038. interaction0038 interaction=0.038 . 0 038 interaction=0.038) nonfrail non frail Additionally β=0.36 β036 β β= 0.36 36 (β=-0.36 95%CI 95CI CI 95 0.62 062 62 -0.62 0.10, 010 10 -0.10 P=0.008 P0008 008 β=0.47 β047 0.47 47 (β=-0.47 0.73 073 73 -0.73 0.21, 021 21 -0.21 P=0.001. P0001 P=0.001 001 P=0.001) conclusion decline 814 14 8,1 176 76 1,7 interaction003 interaction=0.03 03 β=0.3 β03 036 0.3 3 (β=-0.3 9 0.6 06 6 -0.6 0.10 01 -0.1 P=0.00 P000 00 β=0.4 β04 047 0.4 4 (β=-0.4 0.7 07 7 -0.7 0.21 02 2 -0.2 81 8, 17 1, interaction00 interaction=0.0 β=0. β0 0. (β=-0. -0. 0.1 P=0.0 P00 04 0.2 interaction0 interaction=0. β=0 (β=-0 -0 P=0. P0 interaction=0 (β=- - P=0 interaction= (β= P= (β

Nos últimos anos tem sido observado aumento do uso de crack (uma forma de cocaína fumada) em pesquisas epidemiológicas e em apreensões policiais. Até o presente, não havia dados brasileiros relacionando a procura de tratamento para a dependência de cocaína com as vias habituais de administração OBJETIVO. Analisar as modificações das vias de administração da cocaína em uma população de 245 pacientes atendidos em dois serviços ambulatoriais especializados (PROAD e UDED), na cidade de São Paulo, entre os anos de 1990 e 1993. MÉTODOS. Dados de entrevistas padronizadas realizadas na admissão dos pacientes aos serviços foram estudados e determinada a prevalência de uso das diferentes vias de administração de cocaína. RESULTADOS. A percentagem de pacientes que relataram uso de cocaína fumada (crack) aumentou de 17%, em 1990, para 64%, em 1993 (p<0,01). O uso de cocaína aspirada não variou durante esse período, permanecendo a via mais freqüentemente relatada (80%), enquanto a via endovenosa variou de 40%, em 1990, para 18%, em 1992, e para 28%, em 1993. CONCLUSÕES. As implicações do aumento de usuários de crack que procuram tratamento são discutidas em função do planejamento de tratamento e de programas de prevenção, com ênfase no risco de transmissão do vírus HIV.

An increase in crack use has been detected in epidemiological research and police data. Currently, in Brazil, no data are available linking the route of administration and attendance to treatment for cocaine dependence OBJECTIVE - The purpose of this paper was to analyze the changes in cocaine routes of administration in a cocaine dependent population treated in two outpatient public services (PROAD and UDED). METHOD - Standardized interview data, collected at admission to treatment were compared from 1990 to 1993. The prevalence rates of smoked ("crack"), injected and snorted cocaine were compared. RESULTS - The percentage of patients who reported "crack" cocaine use increased from 17% in 1990 to 64% in 1993 (p<0.01) The prevalence of snorted cocaine remained stable in the period of time analyzed, being the most frequent route reported. The intravenous route tended to decrease from 40% in 1990 to 28% in 1993. CONCLUSION - The implications of the increase of "crack" cocaine users who sought treatment are discussed. These data are important in planning prevention and treatment strategies, mainly in AIDS prevention.

A cultura de uvas de mesa em São Paulo vem aumentando de importância, o que é flagrante pelos incrementos na área plantada verificados nos últimos anos. A demanda por tecnologia tem acompanhado esse crescimento, especialmente no que se refere a novas variedades que atendam tanto ao mercado externo, quanto ao interno, com uvas de alta qualidade. No programa de melhoramento para uvas de mesa no Instituto Agronômico, iniciado em 1943, praticamente nenhum estudo foi efetuado sobre os progenitores utilizados nos cruzamentos. Neste trabalho foram avaliados centenas de cruzamentos e as variedades envolvidas, bem como suas progênies e seu interrelacionamento genealógico. De acordo com os dados analisados e os parâmetros utilizados, foram considerados preferenciais num programa de cruzamento para uvas de mesa as seguintes variedades: 'Itália', 'Patrícia', 'Soraya', 'Cardinal', 'Roberta', 'Maria Rosa', 'Carolina', 'Moscatel de Hamburgo', 'Lígia', 'Angelina', 'Marília', 'Alphonse Lavallée', 'Traviú', 'Ezequiel', 'Grão Mogol', 'Yole', 'Geni', 'A Dona', 'Aurora', 'Piratininga', 'Maria', 'Iracema'.

The importance of table grape cultivation in São Paulo State, Brazil, is increasing in the last years, which is demonstrated by its acreage increase. Demands for technology improvements have followed, specially in respect to the development of new cultivars that can produce high quality grapes for exportation or internal markets purposes. Since the beginning of the grape breeding program at the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC) in 1943, no study was carried out on the parents used in crossings. In this study, hundreds of crossings, parents, as well as resulting progenies and their genealogical (pedigree) relationship were evaluated. According to the analysed data and parameters used we may consider as preferential the following cultivars: 'Itália', 'Patrícia', 'Soraya', 'Cardinal','Roberta', 'Maria Rosa', 'Carolina', 'Moscatel de Hamburgo', 'Lígia', 'Angelina', 'Marília', 'Alphonse Lavallée', 'Traviú', 'Ezequiel', 'Grão Mogol', 'Yole', 'Geni', 'A Dona', 'Aurora', 'Piratininga', 'Maria', 'Iracema'.