Abstract Objective Assess patients submitted to elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, and the efficacy of different doses of fentanyl associated with bupivacaine. Methods The study included 124 pregnant women randomly distributed into 4 groups (n = 31) according to different doses of fentanyl (15 µg, 10 µg, 7.5 µg), Groups I, II, and III, respectively, and control group IV, associated with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (10 mg). An epidural catheter was inserted in case epidural top-up was required. We assessed the anesthetic blockage characteristics, negative maternal and neonatal outcomes, and maternal side effects. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher’s exact and chi-square tests. The level of significance was 5% (p< 0.05). Results The quality of analgesia, time for the first complaint of pain and motor block recovery time were significantly better for groups that received fentanyl in comparison to controls (p< 0.001). None of the groups had negative maternal-fetal outcomes. Nausea was significantly more frequent in patients in Groups II (10 µg) and III (7.5 µg) when compared to Groups I (15 µg) and IV (no fentanyl). Vomiting was more frequent in Group III than in Group I (p= 0.006). The incidence of pruritus was significantly higher in the groups receiving fentanyl (p= 0.012). Conclusions Among the solutions studied, the spinal anesthesia technique using 15 µg of fentanyl associated with 10 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine provided satisfactory analgesia and very low incidence of adverse effects for patients submitted to cesarean section. Trial Registration Number UTN U1111-1199-0285. REBEC RBR-5XWT6T.

El comportamiento y el desempeño electroquímico del electrodo de pasta de carbono químicamente modificado por un líquido iónico (EPCQM), en la detección del galato de propilo, se investigaron matemáticamente desde el punto de vista de la estabilidad del estado estacionario. El modelo matemático correspondiente se analizó por medio de la teoría de estabilidad lineal y análisis de bifurcaciones. Los resultados de modelaje son comparados con los experimentales (para este sistema y semejantes), bien como con los teóricos para otros casos.

The behavior and the electrochemical function of the carbon paste electrode, chemically modified by ionic liquid, have been investigated mathematically from the point of view of steady-state stability. The corresponding mathematical model is analyzed by linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis. The modeling results are being compared with experimental results (for this system and for the similar ones), and with theoretical results for other cases.

Voltamogramas de redissolução catódica de cefaloglicina em meio ácido exibem uma única onda de redução em potenciais próximos da descarga do eletrólito (-1.0 V). Entretanto, o fármaco pode ser determinado indiretamente em meio alcalino (pH 10) através do complexo formado entre cefaloglicina e Hg(I) gerado na superfície do eletrodo sob potencial de acúmulo positivo (Eac= +0.20 V). Uma curva de calibração linear no intervalo de 0.122 a 1.22 mg/mL foi obtida para cefaloglicina em tampão B-R pH 10 utilizando-se tempo de acúmulo de 30 seg e potencial de acúmulo de +0.20 V. O método mostra alta reprodutibilidade e sensibilidade com desvio padrão relativo de 1,4 % para 5 determinações de 5x10-7 mol/L de cefaclor e limite de detecção de 5,17 ng/mL.

Cephaloglycin in B-R buffer pH < 4 is reduced at HMDE very close to the electrolyte discharge (-1.0 V). Nevertheless, in alkaline medium (pH 10) a peak at -0.6V is observed when cephaloglycin is accumulated at accumulation potentials close to +0.20V by formation of an adsorbed mercury complex. The accumulation of this complex is recommended for use in the indirect determination of cephaloglycin by cathodic stripping voltammetry in the range 0.122 to 1.22 mg/mL with pre-concentration for 30 sec at accumulation potential of +0.20V. The detection limit was calculated to be 5,17 ng/mL (n= 3). The relative standard deviation determined from five determinations at the 5x10-7 mol/L level was 1.4 %.