ABSTRACT Purpose To present a method for analyzing breathing modes with infrared thermography. Methods This exploratory cross-sectional study used 38 thermal images of inspiration and expiration with nasal breathing and simulated mouth breathing in four nasal breathers without respiratory complaints. Three different data selection forms (line, rectangle, and ellipse) were used to extract the minimum, mean, and maximum temperatures of the regions of interest (nose and mouth) using the FLIR Tools® software. Results Among the three selection forms, there was greater temperature variability obtained with the line, revealing limitations in this measurement. There were no differences between the rectangle and ellipse values, showing that both selection forms present similar temperature extraction results. The comparison results between nose and mouth temperatures during inspiration and expiration indicated a statistically significant difference between all measurements, except for mean inspiration temperatures with the rectangle and ellipse. The breathing mode can be distinguished in both inspiration and expiration when using mean mouth temperatures with the rectangle and ellipse. Conclusion Breathing modes should be assessed based on mean mouth temperatures during inspiration, using the ellipse. thermography crosssectional cross sectional 3 complaints line (line minimum Tools software measurement values measurements

RESUMO Objetivo Apresentar um método de análise do modo respiratório por meio da termografia infravermelha. Método Estudo transversal exploratório de 38 imagens térmicas que representavam o momento da inspiração e da expiração durante a respiração nasal e durante a simulação da respiração oral de quatro voluntárias respiradoras nasais sem queixas respiratórias. Para a extração da temperatura das regiões de interesse (nariz e boca) foram utilizadas três formas de seleção distintas de dados (linha, retângulo e elipse) e três medidas de temperatura (mínima, média e máxima) por meio do software FLIR Tools®. Resultados Dentre as três formas de seleção houve maior variabilidade nas medidas obtidas pela linha, revelando limitações nessa medida. Não houve diferenças entre as medidas do retângulo e elipse, mostrando que ambas as formas de seleção apresentam resultados semelhantes para a extração das temperaturas. Na comparação entre as temperaturas do nariz e da boca na inspiração e expiração, os resultados indicaram que houve diferença com relevância estatística em todas as medidas realizadas, exceto para as medidas de temperatura média da inspiração, usando o retângulo e a elipse. Percebe-se diferenciação do modo respiratório tanto na inspiração quanto na expiração quando utilizada a temperatura média da boca com o retângulo e a elipse. Conclusão Sugere-se para avaliação do modo respiratório a avaliação da boca, por meio da elipse, com análise da temperatura média durante a inspiração. infravermelha 3 respiratórias linha (linha elipse mínima, mínima (mínima máxima Tools Tools® medida realizadas Percebese Percebe se Sugerese Sugere

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of hybrid closed-loop (HCL) systems for insulin delivery in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We searched Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until March 2023 comparing the HCL therapy with control therapies for children and adolescents with T1D. We computed weighted mean differences (WMDs) for continuous outcomes and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for binary endpoints. Four RCTs and 501 patients were included, of whom 323 were randomized to HCL therapy. Compared with control therapies, HCL significantly improved the period during which glucose level was 70-180 mg/dL (WMD 10.89%, 95% CI 8.22-13.56%) and the number of participants with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level < 7% (RR 2.61, 95% CI 1.29-5.28). Also, HCL significantly reduced the time during which glucose level was > 180 mg/dL (WMD -10.46%, 95% CI -13.99 to -6.93%) and the mean levels of glucose (WMD -16.67 mg/dL, 95% CI -22.25 to -11.09 mg/dL) and HbA1c (WMD -0.50%, 95% CI -0.68 to -0.31). There were no significant differences between therapies regarding time during which glucose level was < 70 mg/dL or <54 mg/dL or number of episodes of ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia. In this meta-analysis, HCL compared with control therapies was associated with improved time in range and HbA1c control in children and adolescents with T1D and a similar profile of side effects. These findings support the efficacy of HCL in the treatment of T1D in this population. closedloop closed loop (HCL TD . T D (T1D) Embase PubMed (RCTs 202 WMDs (WMDs RRs (RRs 95 CIs (CIs endpoints 50 included 32 70180 70-18 mgdL mg dL WMD 1089 10 89 10.89% 8.2213.56% 8221356 8.22 13.56% 8 22 13 56 8.22-13.56% HbAc HbA c (HbA1c 7 RR 261 2 61 2.61 1.295.28. 129528 1.29 5.28 29 5 28 1.29-5.28) Also 18 10.46%, 1046 46 -10.46% 13.99 1399 99 -13.9 6.93% 693 6 93 -6.93% 16.67 1667 16 67 -16.6 22.25 2225 25 -22.2 11.09 1109 11 09 -11.0 0.50%, 050 0 -0.50% 0.68 068 68 -0.6 0.31. 031 0.31 31 -0.31) 54 <5 ketoacidosis hyperglycemia hypoglycemia metaanalysis, metaanalysis meta analysis, analysis meta-analysis effects population (T1D 20 9 3 7018 70-1 108 10.89 2213 8.2213.56 822135 822 8.2 1356 13.56 8.22-13.56 26 2.6 295 1.295.28 12952 129 1.2 528 5.2 1.29-5.28 10.46% 104 4 -10.46 13.9 139 -13. 6.93 69 -6.93 16.6 166 -16. 22.2 222 -22. 11.0 110 -11. 0.50% 05 -0.50 0.6 06 -0. 03 0.3 -0.31 701 70- 10.8 221 8.2213.5 82213 82 8. 135 13.5 8.22-13.5 2. 1.295.2 1295 12 1. 52 5. 1.29-5.2 10.46 -10.4 13. -13 6.9 -6.9 16. -16 22. -22 11. -11 0.50 -0.5 0. -0 -0.3 10. 8.2213. 8221 8.22-13. 1.295. 1.29-5. 10.4 -10. -1 6. -6. -2 0.5 - 8.2213 8.22-13 1.295 1.29-5 -10 -6 8.221 8.22-1 1.29- 8.22-

Resumo O avanço tecnológico vem se desenvolvendo de forma acelerada e os algoritmos são basilares nessa estrutura, contribuindo para sua formatação social. A partir desse contexto, teve-se como objetivo neste artigo buscar subsídios que impulsionem reflexões sobre as implicações sociais da Matemática na sociedade do algoritmo, bem como sobre o papel social da Educação Matemática nesse cenário. O artigo trata-se de um ensaio teórico, uma vez que se caracteriza por uma natureza reflexiva e interpretativa. Este ensaio é fundamentado na perspectiva da Educação Matemática Crítica e na relação Ciência Tecnologia e Sociedade, particularmente sobre a denominada Equação Civilizatória. De forma a exemplificar as reflexões teóricas-conceituais levantadas no artigo, apresenta-se também os resultados de um estudo empírico, cujo objetivo foi o de investigar como estava a compreensão de alguns sujeitos sociais, usuários das tecnologias digitais, sobre as implicações sociais da modulação algorítmica, atrelada ao advento da revolução digital. Conclui-se que há carência de discussões críticas sobre a imbricação entre a tecnologia e a Matemática como ferramenta basilar na construção dos modelos sociais. Com isso, propõe-se para o campo da Educação Matemática a aproximação com as preocupações da Educação Matemática Crítica imbricada à Equação Civilizatória, de modo a problematizar as aplicações sociais da matemática e promover reflexões sobre suas implicações. estrutura contexto tevese teve algoritmo cenário tratase trata teórico interpretativa Sociedade Civilizatória teóricasconceituais teóricas conceituais apresentase apresenta empírico digitais algorítmica digital Concluise Conclui isso propõese propõe

Abstract Technological advances have been developing in an accelerated way and algorithms are fundamental in this structure, contributing to its social formatting. From this context, the objective of this paper was to seek subsidies that boost reflections on the social implications of mathematics in the algorithm society, as well as on the social role of Mathematics Education in this scenario. The research is based on the perspective of Critical Mathematics Education and on the relationship between Science, Technology and Society, especially in the Civilizing Equation. Qualitative research was developed through propositional theoretical reflections and the data are presented in the parameters of Discursive Textual Analysis. Through online questionnaires, aimed at two social spheres, it was investigated what level of information individuals have about mathematical modulation and its possible social impacts. It is concluded that there is a lack of discussions about the imbrication between technology and mathematics as a basic tool in the construction of social models. Thus, it is proposed for the field of Mathematical Education an approximation with the Civilizing Equation. structure formatting context society scenario Science Society Equation Analysis questionnaires spheres impacts models Thus

Taxas de mortalidade maiores para os cânceres mais frequentes foram registradas entre 1996 e 2000 em Guarapari, um município do Espírito Santo, Brasil, onde se localizam praias com alta radioatividade natural. Para verificar a existência desse excesso de mortalidade por câncer em Guarapari, taxas de mortalidade por todas as causas, todos os cânceres e pelos cânceres mais prevalentes no município foram estudadas entre 2000 e 2018 e comparadas com aquelas observadas no estado. Dados de mortalidade por todas as causas, por câncer e por câncer de esôfago, estômago, laringe, traqueia, brônquios e pulmão, próstata, mama e leucemias foram coletados no Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS) de 2000 a 2018. As taxas de mortalidade foram calculadas pelo método direto. As taxas padronizadas ajustadas por idade (TPAI) foram calculadas com base na população mundial padrão da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Foram calculadas taxas brutas de mortalidade para cada município e as TPAI para o estado e para os nove municípios onde foi avaliada a radioatividade natural. A mortalidade por todas as causas, todos os cânceres e pelos diferentes cânceres investigados em Guarapari não diferiu significativamente daqueles observados no estado ou em municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes. Não houve correlação entre os níveis de radioatividade e as taxas de mortalidade nos nove municípios onde a radioatividade natural era conhecida. Em conclusão, os resultados mostraram que a mortalidade por câncer e por todas as causas em Guarapari não diferiu daquelas observadas no restante do estado. Além disso, não houve correlação entre os níveis de radioatividade natural e a mortalidade por câncer nas áreas onde a radioatividade natural foi avaliada.

Las mayores tasas de mortalidad por cáncer se registraron entre 1996 y 2000 en Guarapari, un municipio del estado de Espírito Santo, Brasil, donde existen playas con alta radiactividad natural. Para verificar la existencia de mayor mortalidad por cáncer en Guarapari, se estudiaron las tasas de mortalidad por distintas causas, por los tipos de cáncer y por los tipos más prevalentes en este municipio entre 2000 y 2018, y se las compararon con las observadas en todo el estado. Los datos sobre la mortalidad por distintas causas, por cáncer y por cáncer de esófago, estómago, laringe, tráquea, bronquios y pulmón, próstata, mama y leucemias se recogieron del Departamento de Informática de SUS (DATASUS) sobre el periodo de 2000 a 2018. Las tasas de mortalidad se calcularon utilizando el método directo. Las tasas estandarizadas ajustadas por edad (TEAE) se calcularon con base en las de la población mundial estándar de la Organización Mundial de Salud (OMS). Se calcularon las tasas brutas de mortalidad para cada municipio y las TEAE para el estado y para los nueve municipios donde se evaluó la radiactividad natural. La mortalidad por distintas causas, por los tipos de cáncer y por los diferentes tipos de cáncer investigados en Guarapari no difirió significativamente de la observada en el estado o en los municipios con más de 100.000 habitantes. No hubo correlación entre los niveles de radiactividad y las tasas de mortalidad en los nueve municipios donde existe radiactividad natural. Se concluye que la mortalidad por cáncer y por distintas causas en Guarapari no difiere de los resultados observados en todo el estado. Además, no hubo correlación entre los niveles de radiactividad natural y la mortalidad por cáncer en las áreas donde se evaluó la radiactividad natural.

Guarapari, a municipality of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, reported higher mortality rates for the most common cancers from 1996 to 2000. This municipality has beaches with high natural radioactivity. To verify whether this excessive cancer mortality rate still exist in Guarapari, mortality rates for all causes, cancers, and the most prevalent cancers in this municipality were studied from 2000 to 2018 and compared with those observed in the state. Data on all-cause mortality, all-cancer mortality, and mortality from cancer of the esophagus, stomach, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lung, prostate, breast, and leukemias were collected in Brazilian Health Informatics Department (DATASUS) from 2000 to 2018. Mortality rates were calculated by direct method. Standardized age-adjusted rates (SAAR) were calculated based on standard of the World Health Organization (WHO) world population. Crude mortality rates were calculated for each municipality and SAAR for the state and nine municipalities where natural radioactivity was evaluated. Mortality rates from all causes, all cancers, and different cancers observed in Guarapari did not differ significantly from those observed in the state or municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Radioactivity levels and mortality rates showed no correlation in nine municipalities where natural radioactivity was known. In conclusion, results showed that mortality from cancer and all causes in Guarapari did not differ from those observed in the state and that there was no correlation between the levels of natural radioactivity and mortality from cancer in areas where natural radioactivity was evaluated.

Las mayores tasas de mortalidad por cáncer se registraron entre 1996 y 2000 en Guarapari, un municipio del estado de Espírito Santo, Brasil, donde existen playas con alta radiactividad natural. Para verificar la existencia de mayor mortalidad por cáncer en Guarapari, se estudiaron las tasas de mortalidad por distintas causas, por los tipos de cáncer y por los tipos más prevalentes en este municipio entre 2000 y 2018, y se las compararon con las observadas en todo el estado. Los datos sobre la mortalidad por distintas causas, por cáncer y por cáncer de esófago, estómago, laringe, tráquea, bronquios y pulmón, próstata, mama y leucemias se recogieron del Departamento de Informática de SUS (DATASUS) sobre el periodo de 2000 a 2018. Las tasas de mortalidad se calcularon utilizando el método directo. Las tasas estandarizadas ajustadas por edad (TEAE) se calcularon con base en las de la población mundial estándar de la Organización Mundial de Salud (OMS). Se calcularon las tasas brutas de mortalidad para cada municipio y las TEAE para el estado y para los nueve municipios donde se evaluó la radiactividad natural. La mortalidad por distintas causas, por los tipos de cáncer y por los diferentes tipos de cáncer investigados en Guarapari no difirió significativamente de la observada en el estado o en los municipios con más de 100.000 habitantes. No hubo correlación entre los niveles de radiactividad y las tasas de mortalidad en los nueve municipios donde existe radiactividad natural. Se concluye que la mortalidad por cáncer y por distintas causas en Guarapari no difiere de los resultados observados en todo el estado. Además, no hubo correlación entre los niveles de radiactividad natural y la mortalidad por cáncer en las áreas donde se evaluó la radiactividad natural. 199 200 Santo Brasil 2018 esófago estómago laringe tráquea pulmón próstata DATASUS (DATASUS directo (TEAE OMS. OMS . (OMS) 100000 100 000 100.00 habitantes Además 19 20 201 (OMS 10000 10 00 100.0 1 2 1000 0 100.

Guarapari, a municipality of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, reported higher mortality rates for the most common cancers from 1996 to 2000. This municipality has beaches with high natural radioactivity. To verify whether this excessive cancer mortality rate still exist in Guarapari, mortality rates for all causes, cancers, and the most prevalent cancers in this municipality were studied from 2000 to 2018 and compared with those observed in the state. Data on all-cause mortality, all-cancer mortality, and mortality from cancer of the esophagus, stomach, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lung, prostate, breast, and leukemias were collected in Brazilian Health Informatics Department (DATASUS) from 2000 to 2018. Mortality rates were calculated by direct method. Standardized age-adjusted rates (SAAR) were calculated based on standard of the World Health Organization (WHO) world population. Crude mortality rates were calculated for each municipality and SAAR for the state and nine municipalities where natural radioactivity was evaluated. Mortality rates from all causes, all cancers, and different cancers observed in Guarapari did not differ significantly from those observed in the state or municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Radioactivity levels and mortality rates showed no correlation in nine municipalities where natural radioactivity was known. In conclusion, results showed that mortality from cancer and all causes in Guarapari did not differ from those observed in the state and that there was no correlation between the levels of natural radioactivity and mortality from cancer in areas where natural radioactivity was evaluated. Santo Brazil 199 200 201 allcause cause allcancer esophagus stomach larynx trachea lung prostate breast DATASUS (DATASUS method ageadjusted age adjusted (SAAR WHO (WHO population evaluated 100000 100 000 100,00 inhabitants known conclusion 19 20 10000 10 00 100,0 1 2 1000 0 100,

Taxas de mortalidade maiores para os cânceres mais frequentes foram registradas entre 1996 e 2000 em Guarapari, um município do Espírito Santo, Brasil, onde se localizam praias com alta radioatividade natural. Para verificar a existência desse excesso de mortalidade por câncer em Guarapari, taxas de mortalidade por todas as causas, todos os cânceres e pelos cânceres mais prevalentes no município foram estudadas entre 2000 e 2018 e comparadas com aquelas observadas no estado. Dados de mortalidade por todas as causas, por câncer e por câncer de esôfago, estômago, laringe, traqueia, brônquios e pulmão, próstata, mama e leucemias foram coletados no Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS) de 2000 a 2018. As taxas de mortalidade foram calculadas pelo método direto. As taxas padronizadas ajustadas por idade (TPAI) foram calculadas com base na população mundial padrão da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Foram calculadas taxas brutas de mortalidade para cada município e as TPAI para o estado e para os nove municípios onde foi avaliada a radioatividade natural. A mortalidade por todas as causas, todos os cânceres e pelos diferentes cânceres investigados em Guarapari não diferiu significativamente daqueles observados no estado ou em municípios com mais de 100 mil habitantes. Não houve correlação entre os níveis de radioatividade e as taxas de mortalidade nos nove municípios onde a radioatividade natural era conhecida. Em conclusão, os resultados mostraram que a mortalidade por câncer e por todas as causas em Guarapari não diferiu daquelas observadas no restante do estado. Além disso, não houve correlação entre os níveis de radioatividade natural e a mortalidade por câncer nas áreas onde a radioatividade natural foi avaliada. 199 200 Santo Brasil 201 esôfago estômago laringe traqueia pulmão próstata DATASUS (DATASUS direto (TPAI OMS. OMS . (OMS) 10 habitantes conhecida conclusão disso 19 20 (OMS 1 2

Abstract Background Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the main causes of maternal mortality, mainly in the poorest regions of the world, drawing attention to the need for strategies for preventing it. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic administration of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in decreasing blood loss in pregnant women in delivery, preventing PPH. Methods Systematic review of randomized clinical trials. We searched for publications in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases, with the uniterms “postpartum, puerperal hemorrhage” and “tranexamic acid”, published between January of 2004 and January of 2020. The eligibility criteria were trials published in English with pregnant women assessed during and after vaginal or cesarean delivery about the effect of prophylactic use of TXA on bleeding volume. The random-effects model was applied with the DerSimonian-Laird test and the Mean Difference (MD) was calculated for continuous variables together with each 95% CI. This systematic review was previously registered in the PROSPERO platform under the registration n° CRD42020187393. Results Of the 630 results, 16 trials were selected, including one with two different doses, performing a total of 6731 patients. The intervention group received a TXA dose that varied between 10 mg.kg−1 and 1g (no weight calculation). The TXA use was considered a protective factor for bleeding (MD: -131.07; 95% CI: -170.00 to -92.78; p= 0.000) and hemoglobin variation (MD: -0.417; 95% CI: -0.633 to -0.202; p= 0.000). In the subgroup analysis related to the cesarean pathway, the effect of TXA was even greater. Conclusion The prophylactic use of tranexamic acid is effective in reducing the post-partum bleeding volume. PROSPERO registration ID CRD42020187393. PPH (PPH mortality world it (TXA PubMed databases postpartum, postpartum “postpartum hemorrhage acid, , acid” 200 2020 volume randomeffects random effects DerSimonianLaird DerSimonian Laird MD (MD 95 CI n CRD42020187393 CRD 63 results 1 selected doses 673 patients mgkg1 mgkg mg kg mg.kg− g no calculation. calculation . calculation) 131.07 13107 131 07 -131.07 170.00 17000 170 00 -170.0 92.78 9278 92 78 -92.78 p 0.000 0000 0 000 0.417 0417 417 -0.417 0.633 0633 633 -0.63 0.202 0202 202 -0.202 0.000. pathway greater post partum 20 9 CRD4202018739 6 67 mg.kg 131.0 1310 13 -131.0 170.0 1700 17 -170. 92.7 927 7 -92.7 0.00 0.41 041 41 -0.41 0.63 063 -0.6 0.20 020 -0.20 2 CRD420201873 131. -131. 170. -170 92. -92. 0.0 0.4 04 4 -0.4 0.6 06 -0. 0.2 02 -0.2 CRD42020187 -131 -17 -92 0. -0 CRD4202018 -13 -1 -9 - CRD420201 CRD42020 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

Abstract In the territory of Casa Branca village, in the Province of São Paulo, in the mid-19th century, donations of chapels’ property were the genesis of villages, later elevated to curated chapels and parishes. The article demonstrates the formation of the urban network, analyzing the relationship between the secular force and the Catholic Church in the territorial occupation, a process that involved the parishes of the region and instances of the civil and judiciary forces in the recognition and possession of chapels properties. The primary sources include the civil and ecclesiastical textual documentation of the region, spatialized in a Historical GIS that reconstitutes the territory of the application of the chapel of Rio do Peixe and its free and slave population. It allows analyzing the relationship between the farms, the network of paths, the chapels and the chapels’ properties, revealing social hierarchies and patronage networks around the cured chapels, showing their relevance in the daily life of the 19th century contemporaries. village Paulo mid19th midth mid th villages occupation properties population farms paths contemporaries

Resumo No termo da Vila de Casa Branca, na Província de São Paulo, em meados do século XIX, doações de patrimônios de capelas permitiram a gênese de povoações, posteriormente elevadas a capelas curadas e freguesias. O artigo demonstra a formação da rede urbana, analisando a relação entre o poder secular e a Igreja Católica na ocupação territorial, um processo que envolveu as paróquias da região e instâncias do poder civil e judiciário no reconhecimento e posse dos patrimônios de capelas. As fontes primárias analisadas são a documentação textual civil e eclesiástica da região, espacializada em um SIG histórico que reconstitui o território da aplicação da capela do Rio do Peixe e sua população livre e cativa. A elaboração de um SIG histórico permite analisar a relação entre as fazendas, a rede de caminhos, as capelas e os patrimônios existentes, revelando hierarquias sociais e redes de clientelismo em torno das capelas curadas, apontando para sua relevância no cotidiano dos coevos do século XIX. Branca Paulo XIX povoações freguesias urbana territorial cativa fazendas caminhos existentes

ABSTRACT This report examines the effects of calcium anacardate (CA) on the morphology, histology, and proteomics of the testes and epididymal ducts of breeding quail. To that end, 22 140-day-old males were grouped in four treatments, each with different concentrations of CA: 0% (control), 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%. The testicles of the animals were weighed and measured, and proteins from the testicles were separated by 1D SDS-PAGE and analyzed via mass spectrometry. Overall, 35 bands were identified in the testicular tissue gels of European quail. Of these, 13 were significantly different, with treatment 0.75% CA being different from the control in all bands. Significant differences among the mean heights of the seminiferous epithelium and diameters of the epididymal duct were observed. In the control group, the average height of the seminiferous epithelium was 71.2 µm, and in 0.75% CA, it was 45.6 µm. Supplementing feed with CA altered the expression of specific proteins, such as superoxide dismutase and heat shock proteins, of the seminal plasma of quail, in addition to facilitating histological alterations regarding the height of the seminiferous epithelium and the diameter of the epididymal duct, improving the reproductive parameters. (CA morphology histology quail end 2 140dayold dayold 140 day old treatments 0 control, , (control) 025 25 0.25% 050 50 0.50% 075 75 measured D SDSPAGE SDS PAGE spectrometry Overall 3 these 1 0.75 observed group 712 71 71. µm 456 45 6 45. parameters 14 (control 02 0.25 05 5 0.50 07 7 0.7 4 0.2 0.5 0.

Abstract Objectives: To analyze breathing modes with infrared thermography. Methods: Cross-sectional observational exploratory study conducted in 20 female participants with a mean age of 26.0-years. The thermograms were made following the principles of the American Academy of Thermology and the Brazilian Thermology Society. The camera FLIR A315 (FLIR Inc., Santa Barbara, CA) was used for the tests. The recordings consisted of the participants breathing normally through the nose for 2 min and simulating oral/oronasal breathing for another 2min. The thermograms were analyzed with the FLIR Tools software. An ellipse was placed between the nostrils and the lip commissures to obtain the mean temperatures. The collection was made by two independent researchers, and the normalized non-dimensional temperature was calculated. Results: The temperature in nasal breathing is higher than in oral/oronasal breathing both for inhaling and exhaling when measured in the region of the mouth. The exhaling temperatures were higher than the inhaling ones in oral/oronasal breathing (through the nose and the mouth) and nasal breathing (only through the nose). The temperature difference between exhaling and inhaling (ΔT) was greater in oral/oronasal breathing when measured in the region of the mouth. Conclusion: The thermographic assessment of breathing modes may be made by comparing the mean temperatures of the mouth, using an ellipse. Level of evidence: Study without consistently applied reference standards. Objectives thermography Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional 26.0years. 260years years 26.0 years. 26 0 26.0-years Society A A31 Inc Inc. Barbara CA tests oraloronasal oral oronasal 2min software researchers nondimensional non dimensional calculated Results mouth only nose. . nose) ΔT (ΔT Conclusion evidence standards 0years 26.0years 260 26. A3

Abstract: This study analyses the geographical distribution of social care for older adults in mainland Portugal, and compares the spatial patterns of public, non-profit and profit institutions. The results show a heterogeneous distribution and a tendency towards spatial concentration of private sector structures in more urbanised areas. We conclude that the increasing liberalisation of the sector constitutes a risk to the territorial equity of social care provision. Abstract Portugal public nonprofit non institutions areas provision

Resumo: Este estudo analisa a distribuição geográfica das respostas sociais dirigidas à população idosa em Portugal continental, e compara os padrões espaciais dos equipamentos dos sectores público, solidário e lucrativo. Os resultados mostram uma distribuição heterogénea e uma tendência para a concentração espacial das estruturas do sector privado em áreas mais urbanizadas. Conclui-se que a crescente liberalização do sector constitui um risco para a equidade territorial dos cuidados sociais. Resumo continental público lucrativo urbanizadas Concluise Conclui se

Resumo Na rede urbana polarizada pela vila de Casa Branca, na província de São Paulo, durante o século XIX, municípios nasceram a partir dos chamados patrimônios religiosos e compõem a porção nordeste do atual estado de São Paulo. Este trabalho propõe demonstrar a formação desse território e de alguns de seus espaços urbanos, por meio da análise da morfogênese e do traçado desses assentamentos, relacionados com a rede de caminhos e as rotas estruturantes. A investigação insere-se no âmbito de estudos da história urbana que utilizam ferramentas do SIG Histórico e trabalha com fontes textuais e cartográficas produzidas no decorrer do século XIX. O artigo busca contribuir com estudos sobre a gênese de pequenos municípios, criando cartografias temáticas que tratam de questões acerca da formação dos espaços urbanos e de suas modificações ao longo do tempo. Branca Paulo XIX assentamentos estruturantes inserese insere se tempo

Abstract In the urban network polarized by the villages of Casa Branca, in the Province of São Paulo, during the 19th century, municipalities were born from religious property donations and make up the northeast portion of the current State of São Paulo, in the border with Minas Gerais. This work proposes to demonstrate the formation of this territory and of some of its urban spaces, analyzing the morphogenesis and the urban routes of these settlements, related to the network of paths. The investigation falls within the scope of studies of History of Urbanization that use Historical GIS tools and works from textual and cartographic sources, during the 19th century. It seeks to contribute to studies on the genesis of small municipalities, creating thematic cartographies that pose questions about the formation of the network and urban spaces. Branca Paulo th century Gerais spaces settlements paths sources

RESUMO Contexto: Carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) é o tipo mais comum de câncer de fígado. Os fatores de risco para CHC incluem infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC) e B (VHB), cirrose alcoólica e alterações genéticas que podem afetar diversas vias celulares. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a expressão gênica e proteica sérica de VEGF, AFP, CSTB, β-catenina e GPC3 em grupos com CHC, cirrose ou VHC e controles, e sua relação com o estadiamento clínico nos grupos CHC e cirrose, bem como sua valores de sensibilidade e especificidade. Métodos: Duzentos e trinta indivíduos foram distribuídos no Grupo 1 (G1) - 80 pacientes com CHC; Grupo 2 (G2) - 76 pacientes com cirrose de qualquer etiologia; Grupo 3 (G3) - 33 pacientes com VHC; Grupo 4 (G4 - Controles) - 41 indivíduos sem sinais clínicos ou bioquímicos de qualquer doença hepática. A expressão gênica foi analisada por qRT-PCR e as proteínas séricas foram realizadas pelo método ELISA. Resultados: Aumento da expressão de VEGF e AFP pode ser observado em pacientes BCLC estágio D em comparação com pacientes estágio B, e pacientes estágio C apresentaram maior expressão de CTNNB1, em comparação com pacientes estágio B (P<0,05). Para VEGF e GPC3, foi observado poder discriminatório entre pacientes com CHC e controles (AUC = 0,71; 0,82, respectivamente). O CSTB mostrou poder discriminatório na comparação entre pacientes com VHC e controles (AUC =0,74). Conclusão: O presente estudo confirma a sensibilidade do CSTB sérico no diagnóstico da hepatite C, e a expressão gênica de VEGF e GPC3 sérica conferem sensibilidade e especificidade para o diagnóstico de CHC.

ABSTRACT Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. Risk factors for HCC include hepatitis C (HCV) and B (HBV) virus infection, alcoholic cirrhosis and genetic alterations that can affect several cellular pathways. Objective: This study purposed to analyze the gene and serum protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiogenesis, alpha fetoprotein, cystatin B (CSTB), β-catenin and glypican-3 (GPC3) in groups with HCC, cirrhosis or HCV and controls, and their relation with clinical staging in the HCC and cirrhosis groups, as well its sensitivity and specificity values. Methods: A total of 230 individuals were distributed in Group 1 (G1) - 80 patients with HCC; Group 2 (G2) - 76 patients with cirrhosis due to any etiology; Group 3 (G3) - 33 patients with HCV; Group 4 (G4 - controls) - 41 individuals without clinical or biochemical signs of any liver disease. Gene expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR and serum proteins were performed using the ELISA method. Results: Increased VEGF and angiogenesis, alpha fetoprotein expression could be observed in BCLC stage-D patients compared to stage-B patients, and stage-C patients showed higher expression of β-catenin, compared to stage-B patients (P<0.05). For VEGF and GPC3, discriminatory power was observed between HCC patients and controls (AUC =0.71; 0.82, respectively). CSTB showed discriminatory power in the comparison between patients with HCV and controls (AUC =0.74). Conclusion The present study confirms the sensitivity of serum CSTB in the diagnosis of hepatitis C, and gene expression of VEGF and serum GPC3, confer both sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of HCC.

ABSTRACT Chill hours availability influence break dormancy, sprouting and production of temperate fruits trees in different regions. However, there are few reports on the subject for fig tree. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the accumulated chilling hours on the physiology and dormancy release of fig cultivars. Stem cuttings of five fig cultivars were collected at the end of winter over two crop cycles and exposed to 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 accumulated chilling hours (CH) in a cold chamber (8±0.5 ºC). Physiology of fig buds was then evaluated with regards to antioxidant enzymes activity, carbohydrate and nitrogen contents. The exposure of fig stem cuttings with two buds to different accumulated CH presented physiological changes for antioxidant enzymes activity, carbohydrates and nitrogen contents and confirming that the cultivars responded differently to the climatic conditions of each crop cycle. Results detected that the lowest accumulated CH in field in 2018 (2.7 CH) enabled a greater effect of the artificial CH when compared to 2017 (19.5 CH). Each fig cultivar had a critical accumulation point. The cultivars Roxo de Valinhos and Pingo de Mel require less CH to break dormancy, while Troyano requires more CH to finish this vegetative rest period.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of purified lignin on the performance, relative organ weights, serum metabolites, and gene expression profiles of broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress (HS). At 22 days old, 280 broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments, ten repetitions, and seven birds per experimental unit. The birds were subjected to daily cyclic HS. A high temperature of 32±1 °C was maintained for 10 h/day (08:00–18:00 h), while a temperature of 22±1 °C was maintained for the remaining time. Treatments were a basal diet or basal diet with the addition of 5, 10, or 15 g of purified lignin/kg of diet. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and means were compared by Tukey's test at 0.05 significance. There was no effect of lignin supplementation on performance, carcass yield, relative weights of the bursa, spleen, and liver, or serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, uric acid, malondialdehyde, triiodothyronine, or tetraiodothyronine. The abundance of mRNA of heat shock protein 70, nuclear factor-κB, glutathione peroxidase, and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase in the liver was similarly unaffected by treatments. Purified lignin supplementation does not improve performance or the antioxidant response of broiler chickens subjected to HS.

Resumo: O girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) é uma espécie oleaginosa relevante utilizada na alimentação humana e animal e, em múltiplas aplicações industriais. No entanto, as oleaginosas precisam lidar com a perda de vigor quando utilizadas como propágulos, devido à perda da qualidade fisiológica da semente (viabilidade e vigor) causada por eventos de deterioração. Avaliamos no presente estudo os efeitos de técnicas de condicionamento de sementes (água, ácido ascórbico e nitroprussiato de sódio) no vigor, germinação, enzimas antioxidantes e integridade de membrana de sementes de girassol híbrida HELIO 251 armazenadas. Os parâmetros de germinação mostraram que as sementes não condicionadas (controle) atrasaram a germinação em quase 72 h enquanto todas as sementes condicionadas germinaram 100% em 24 h. O extravasamento de eletrólitos e os níveis de malondialdeído foram maiores nas sementes não condicionadas, indicando maior grau de dano à membrana. Um aumento na atividade da catalase e ascorbato peroxidase também foi observado após 8 h de embebição de sementes condicionadas em comparação com sementes não condicionadas. Em relação à superóxido dismutase, não houve diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos após 8 h de embebição, enquanto a maior atividade foi após 24 h de embebição em sementes não condicionadas. Portanto, pode-se concluir que o priming com ácido ascórbico ou nitroprussiato de sódio apresentou melhor desempenho na germinação de sementes de girassol armazenadas, provavelmente decorrente do menor acúmulo de espécies reativas de oxigênio e consequente redução do dano oxidativo devido a um sistema enzimático antioxidante eficiente.

Abstract: Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a relevant oilseed species used as feed in human and animal nutrition and in multiple industrial applications. However, oilseeds need to deal with the loss of vigor when used as a propagule, due to loss of seed physiological quality (viability and vigor) caused by deterioration events. We have evaluated in the present study the effects of seeds priming techniques (water, ascorbic acid, and sodium nitroprusside) on vigor, germination, antioxidant enzymes and membrane integrity of stored sunflower hybrid HELIO 251 seeds. Germination parameters showed that non-primed seeds (control) delayed germination in almost 72 h while all primed seeds germinated 100% in 24 h. Electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels were higher in non-primed seeds indicating higher degree of membrane damage. An increase in the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase was also observed after 8 h of imbibition of primed seeds compared to non-primed seeds. Regarding superoxide dismutase, there was no significant differences between treatments after 8 h of imbibition, whereas the highest activity was after 24 h of imbibition in non-primed seeds. Therefore, it can be concluded priming with ascorbic acid or sodium nitroprusside exhibited better performance in germination of stored sunflower seeds, probably resulting from lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species and consequent reduced oxidative damage due to an efficient antioxidant enzyme system.