We aimed to evaluate whether the administration of riboflavin to septic animals reduces inflammation, oxidative stress, organ dysfunction, and mortality. C57BL/6 mice, 6-8 weeks old, were allocated to the study group (polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) + antibiotic + iv riboflavin), control (CLP + antibiotic + iv saline), or naïve (non-operated controls). Serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), urea, and creatinine, and markers of inflammation [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2)], and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured 12 h after the experiment. Animal survival rates were calculated after 7 days. Means between groups were compared using linear regression models adjusted under the Bayesian approach. No significant difference was observed between control and study groups in serum concentrations of IL-6 (95% credible interval) (-0.35 to 0.44), TNF-α (-15.7 to 99.1), KC (-0.13 to 0.05), MIP-2 (-0.84 to 0.06), MDA (-1.25 to 2.53), or ALT (-6.6 to 11.5). Serum concentrations of CK-MB (-145.1 to -30.1), urea (-114.7 to -15.1), and creatinine (-1.14 to -0.01) were higher in the study group. Survival was similar in both groups (P=0.8). Therefore, the use of riboflavin in mice undergoing sepsis induced by CLP did not reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, organ dysfunction, or mortality compared with placebo.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do diquat, hidróxido de cobre, oxicloreto de cobre e suas associações (diquat + 0,1% de oxicloreto de cobre e diquat + 0,1% de hidróxido de cobre) para o controle de Cerathophyllum demersum em condições de laboratório. Para isso, foram utilizadas as concentrações de 0,1, 0,3, 0,5, 0,7, 1,0 e 1,5 mg L-1 do oxicloreto e hidróxido de cobre e de 0,2, 0,4, 0,8 e 1,2 mg L-1 do diquat e suas associações com 0,1% de oxicloreto de cobre e 0,1% de hidróxido de cobre e um controle. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com dez repetições, ao longo de 45 dias de avaliação. Na avaliação foi empregada uma escala de notas de controle (0-100%) e avaliado o peso (g) e o comprimento (cm) dos ponteiros ao final do período experimental. O diquat apresentou 100% de eficácia aos 30 DAA, e as associações em 21 DAA; as fontes de cobre promoveram a rebrota de C. demersum. O diquat e suas associações foram mais eficazes no controle de C. demersum. A utilização de herbicida em associação com uma fonte de cobre é mais eficiente para controle de macrófitas submersas, pois potencializa o efeito do herbicida no controle das plantas.

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of diquat, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride and their associations diquat + 0.1% copper oxychloride and diquat + 0.1% copper hydroxide to control Cerathophyllum demersum. Therefore, the concentrations used were 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.5 mg L-1 oxychloride and copper hydroxide and 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 mg L-1 diquat and their associations with 0.1% copper oxychloride and 0.1% copper and a control hydroxide. The experimental design was completely randomized with ten replications for 45 days. For evaluation we used a scale of 0-100% control of notes and rated the weight (g) and length (cm) of pointers at the end of the trial period. Diquat showed 100% efficacy at 30 DAA, associations in 21 DAA and copper sources promoted regrowth of C. demersum. Diquat and its associations were more effective in controlling C. demersum. The use of herbicide in combination with a copper source is more efficient for the control of submerged weeds because it potentiates the effect of the herbicide in weed control

Cellulase production was evaluated in two reference strains (T. reesei Rut-C30 and T. reesei QM9414), two strains isolated from a sugarcane cultivation area (Trichoderma sp. IPT778 and T. harzianum rifai IPT821) and one strain isolated in a program for biodiversity preservation in São Paulo state (Myceliophthora thermophila M77). Solid state cultures were performed using sugarcane bagasse (C), wheat bran (W) and/or soybean bran (S). The highest FPA was 10.6 U/gdm for M77 in SC (10:90) at 80% moisture, which was 4.4 times higher than production in pure W. C was a strong inducer of cellulase production, given that the production level of 6.1 U/gdm in WC (40:60) was 2.5 times higher than in pure W for strain M77; T. reesei Rut-C30 did not respond as strongly with about 1.6-fold surplus production. S advantageously replaced W, as the surplus production on SC (20:80) was 2.3 times relative to WC (20:80) for M77.

INTRODUÇÃO: O enfisema lobar congênito é doença rara, cuja patogênese permanece desconhecida. O interesse acadêmico reside na falta de uniformidade dos achados anatomopatológicos. Em cerca de 50%, não se consegue definir a lesão anatomopatológica. A teoria mais recente relaciona esta doença com um número aumentado de alvéolos dentro de cada ácino pulmonar. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho é efetuar uma revisão do estudo anatomopatológico original de 12 crianças com diagnóstico de enfisema lobar congênito, procurando, mediante método quantitativo, pesquisar a presença do aumento do número de alvéolos no ácino pulmonar. MÉTODO: Os autores realizaram um estudo caso-controle pareado pela idade. O número de alvéolos em cada ácino pulmonar foi pesquisado pela técnica da contagem radial de alvéolos. Para comparar as medidas obtidas nos casos e seus respectivos controles, utilizaram a prova U de Mann-Whitney. Regressão linear avaliou a influência da idade sobre as medidas. RESULTADOS: Encontraram um número elevado de alvéolos nos portadores de enfisema lobar congênito operados com idade inferior a 3 anos, um número semelhante entre as idades de 3 e 7 anos e um número diminuído a partir dessa idade. Na criança normal, ocorre um aumento no número de alvéolos com o aumento da idade. No enfisema lobar congênito, esse número se mantém praticamente constante, independente da idade. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados permitiram concluir que: o lobo polialveolar pode ser diagnosticado por um método simples e prático como a contagem radial de alvéolos, colaborando para diminuir a freqüência de casos de etiologia desconhecida, um número de alvéolos maior que o esperado para idade encontra-se associado ao enfisema lobar congênito no paciente (operado) antes dos 3 anos de idade e que, ao contrário do que ocorre no pulmão normal, no lobo acometido por enfisema lobar congênito não ocorre aumento no número de alvéolos com o aumento na idade.

BACKGROUND: Congenital lobar emphysema is an unusual condition and its pathogenesis remains unknown. The variety of findings in pathology studies of the ressected specimens led to increasing academic interest. About 50 per cent of the cases have no definitive diagnosis in pathology. The most recent theory proposes an increased number of alveoli within each acinus (polyalveolar lobe). PURPOSE: The aim of this paper is to report the morphometric measures of surgical specimens of 12 patients with congenital lobar emphysema, using the Emery and Mithal technique (radial alveolar count). METHODS: We made a case-control study, classifying the cases by age. Mann-Whitney´s U test and linear regression techniques were used in data analysis: Mann-Whitney´s U in comparing the cases and respective controls and linear regression to evaluate the influence of age in the measures found. RESULTS: The results revealed a significantly higher radial alveolar count than expected for the age group under 3 years; no difference was observed in the age group between 3 and 7 years and in children older than 7, the radial alveolar count was lower than expected. The normal development of the lung consists in an increasing number of alveoli increase from birth until adulthood, but this number remains constant, independent of age in congenital lobar emphysema. CONCLUSIONS: Such findings allow us to conclude that polyalveolar lobe can and must be diagnosed by a simple and practical method, such as the radial alveolar count, which decreases the incidence of the unknown etiology. The findings of an increased number of alveoli on patients younger than 3 is related to congenital lobar emphysema, since the number of alveoli does not increase in congenital lobar emphysema, just the opposite to what one would expect in the normal development of the lung.