Abstract This article analyses the history of the Portuguese Child Protection System (CPS), mainly his relation with the Welfare State development, the affirmation of local power and the evolution of the social protection system that led to the approval of the Law of Protection of Children and Youth in Danger, in 1999. Considering the CPS history lessons and some significative trends of evolution of protection systems, at an international level, we analyze the present situation of the system, from dimensions like the general orientation, the system organization, and the workforce, to envision its future.

Résumé Cet article analyse l’histoire du Système de Protection de l’Enfance (SPE) portugais, en particulier dans sa relation avec le développement de l’Etat Providence, l’affirmation du pouvoir local et l’évolution du système de protection sociale qui a conduit à l’approbation de la Loi de Protection de l’Enfance et la Jeunesse en Danger, en 1999. Considérant les leçons de l’histoire du SPE et quelques tendances d’évolution de systèmes de protection au niveau international, nous analysons la situation actuelle du système, à partir de dimensions telles que l’orientation globale, le modèle d’organisation et la main d’oeuvre, pour envisager son avenir.

Resumen Este articulo analiza la historia del sistema de protección a la infancia (SPI) portugués, es decir, su relación com el desarrollo del Estado de Bienestar, la afirmación del poder local y la evolución del sistema de protección social que condujo a la aprobación de la Ley de Protección a la Infancia y la Juventud en Peligro. Teniendo en cuenta las lecciones de la historia del SPI y algunas tendencias significativas en la evolución de los sistemas de protección, a nivel internacional, analizamos la situación actual del sistema portugués, a partir de dimensiones como la orientación global, el modelo de organización y la fuerza de trabajo, con el fin de poner en perspectiva su futuro.

Resumo Este artigo, analisa a história do sistema de proteção de crianças (SPC) português, designadamente a sua relação com o desenvolvimento do estado-providência, a afirmação do poder local e a evolução do sistema de proteção social, que conduziu à aprovação da Lei de Proteção de Crianças e Jovens em Perigo, em 1999. Considerando as lições da história do SPC e algumas tendências de evolução significativas de sistemas de proteção, no plano internacional, analisamos a situação atual do sistema português, a partir de dimensões como a orientação global, o modelo de organização e a força de trabalho, para perspetivar o seu futuro.

Abstract COVID-19 usually has a mild course in the pediatric population. Several cutaneous manifestations of the condition have been reported, being chilblain-like lesions one of the most common in younger ages. These may manifest as erythematous or violaceous macules, mostly involving the toes and feet, but less frequently also the fingers and hands. These patients usually have a favorable outcome, with complete spontaneous regression of lesions and no complications. The authors report the case of a 12-year-old female patient who presented to the Emergency Department with cutaneous lesions suggestive of chilblains and a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection 17 days earlier.

Resumo A infeção por COVID-19 tem habitualmente um curso indolente na população pediátrica. Têm sido descritas diversas manifestações cutâneas da condição, sendo as lesões do tipo frieira as mais comuns em idades jovens. Estas podem manifestar-se através de máculas eritematosas ou violáceas que atingem os dedos dos pés e os pés em quase todos os casos, e menos frequentemente as mãos e os dedos das mãos. Estes doentes têm habitualmente uma evolução favorável, com regressão espontânea completa das lesões e sem complicações. É apresentado o caso de uma rapariga de 12 anos que recorreu ao Serviço de Urgência por lesões cutâneas sugestivas de frieiras, que tinha tido o diagnóstico de infeção por COVID-19 17 dias antes.

ABSTRACT This study mapped cattle carcass lesions and associated the isoline maps with the occurrence factors of these lesions. Isoline maps were drawn by common kriging. The associated occurrence factors were the layout of the boards in the crowding tub (CT), characteristics of the hauling truck (general state and the presence of loose and/or sharp boards), broken boards in the corral (BBC), type of road covered (TRC), and animal falls upon unloading at the slaughterhouse (FAUS). The BBC showed a higher number of carcass lesions in the rib region. The data on FAUS and deterioration of hauling trucks fit an exponential model, with more carcass lesions in the rib and hindquarters, and plate regions, respectively. The data on spaced boards in the CT and TRC (mixed) showed greater carcass lesions in the rib region. Therefore, this method provides important information about the spatial distribution of lesions in bovine carcasses, and the drawing sheet used is adequate to represent such lesions.

RESUMO Embora a fração de lixiviação (FL) seja utilizada para remover sais da zona radicular em condições de salinidade, quando inadequadamente calculada, pode diminuir a eficiência do uso da água e levar a grandes perdas de nutrientes essenciais. No presente estudo avaliou-se o uso da água, as concentrações de nutrientes foliares em plantas de milho e as perdas de nutrientes em função de duas formas de determinação da FL em plantas de milho cultivadas em colunas de solo sob estresse salino. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos dispostos em parcelas subdivididas, com sete repetições. As parcelas foram formadas por duas formas de determinação da FL e as subparcelas por quatro condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação - CEa (0,5; 2,0; 4,0 e 6,0 dS m-1). As FL foram determinadas de acordo com 1) a fórmula proposta por Rhoades (RHO) e 2) aplicando uma FL de 0,15 calculado de acordo com o balanço hídrico do solo (SWB). A concentração foliar de N, P, Ca e Mg foi maior nas plantas onde utilizou-se o SWB do que no método de RHO. A concentração foliar de N, P e K diminuiu de acordo com o aumento da salinidade da água, independentemente do método de determinação da FL. A adição de uma FL de 0,15 de acordo com o SWB resultou em diminuição das perdas de nutrientes e maior produtividade física da água, em relação ao RHO. Assim, uma determinação mais precisa da FL aumenta os retornos econômicos da cultura do milho no semiárido quando se utiliza água salina para irrigação.

ABSTRACT Although leaching fraction (LF) is used to remove salts from the root zone under conditions of salinity, if miscalculated, it can decrease water use efficiency and lead to major losses of essential nutrients. This study evaluated the water use efficiency, leaf nutrient concentrations in maize plants, and nutrient losses as a function of two ways of determining the LF in maize crop grown in soil columns under salt stress. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with treatments arranged in split plots, with seven replicates. The plots were formed by two methods of determination of LF, and the subplots by four electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw (0.5, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 dS m-1). The leaching fractions were established according to 1) the formula proposed by Rhoades (RHO) and 2) by applying a LF of 0.15 calculated according to the soil water balance (SWB). The leaf concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Mg were higher in plants under SWB than under RHO method. The leaf concentrations of N, P, and K decreased with increased salinity, regardless of the LF. Adding a LF of 0.15 according to SWB resulted in decreased losses of nutrients and higher physical water productivity, as compared to the RHO. Thus, a more precise determination of the LF is needed to increase economic returns for maize cultivation in semi-arid regions when using brackish water for irrigation.

This work investigated the effect of a composite of tetragonal zirconia with alumina-reinforced Ceria (ATZ) previously synthesized, on the properties of alumina-based ceramics (Al2O3). Monolithic alumina powder and Al2O3 powder mixtures containing 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.% of Ce-TZP/Al2O3 were processed by high energy milling, compacted and then sintered at 1600 °C - 2 h. Sintered pure alumina and composites were characterized by relative density, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and surface roughness. Then, the elastic modulus, the Vickers hardness, the fracture toughness and the 4-point flexural strength were evaluated. The results indicated an increase in relative density as a function of the addition of ATZ, with values between 94.3 ± 0.8% and 98.9 ± 0.7%. The observed microstructure after sintering showed tetragonal ZrO2 grains with average sizes of 0.6 μm well dispersed in the Al2O3 matrix, which presents average grain sizes of around 1.5 μm. The crystalline phases identified in the composites were ZrO2-tetragonal and Al2O3 hexagonal. The addition of the composite (ATZ) in the alumina matrix generates a gradual reduction in the elastic modulus (398 ± 15 GPa ~366 ± 34 GPa) and in the hardness (20.5 ± 1 GPa ~17.3 ± 0.7 GPa) of the sintered ceramics. On the other hand, the addition of this same composite (ATZ) in the alumina matrix considerably increases the materials fracture toughness, reaching values of approximately 6.7 ± 0.9 MPa.m1/2. The same trend was observed in the flexural strength results which ranged from 258 MPa (5wt.% Ce-TZP/Al2O3) to 316 MPa (20wt.% Ce,Y-TZP/Al2O3). The Ce-TZP reinforcement acts as a toughening agent of the Al2O3 matrix due to the coupled mechanisms of toughening by zirconia phase transformation, residual stresses due to the difference in thermal expansion of the crystalline phases and differences in microstructural morphologies.

RESUMO Contexto: a teleconsulta, como ferramenta tecnológica, pode gerar maior acessibilidade a serviços de saúde de qualidade, além de servir para lidar com os desafios de recursos na indústria da saúde. Pode também ser particularmente relevante durante a pandemia de COVID-19, com o distanciamento social que demanda novas soluções tecnológicas para a oferta de serviços de qualidade com contato pessoal reduzido. Objetivo: o artigo propõe um modelo integrativo de aceitação de tecnologia para avaliar os fatores determinantes da adoção de teleconsulta pelos pacientes, alinhando construtos oriundos do modelo de aceitação de tecnologia com outros construtos, como prontidão tecnológica, confiança e autoeficácia. Métodos: uso de análises descritivas e modelagem de equações estruturais com dados dos questionários de 415 consumidores. Resultados: indicam relações significativas entre os construtos avaliados, com particular relevância nos efeitos da utilidade percebida, antecedida pela confiança e prontidão tecnológica, sobre atitude e intenção de uso da teleconsulta. Conclusão: os resultados fornecem achados úteis para organizações de saúde e reguladores públicos sobre a difusão da teleconsulta, indicando que o contexto desafiador da pandemia de COVID-19 pode estar impactando a intenção dos pacientes de adotar a teleconsulta no Brasil.

ABSTRACT Context: teleconsultation can be a strategic technological tool for patients to access quality healthcare while dealing with resource challenges within health industry. It can be particularly relevant during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, when the social distancing world had to scramble for new technological solutions to offer quality healthcare services with reduced personal contact. Objective: our research proposes an integrative technology acceptance model to evaluate the drivers of teleconsultation adoption by patients, aligning constructs from the technology acceptance model with other drivers, such as technology readiness, trust, and self-efficacy. Methods: analyses included descriptive statistics and structural equations modeling based on survey’s data from a sample of 415 consumers. Results: results indicate significant relationships between the assessed constructs, with particular relevance on the effects of perceived usefulness, anteceded by trust and technology readiness, on attitude and intention to use teleconsultation. Conclusion: our findings provide helpful insights for health organizations and regulators associated with the diffusion of teleconsultation. The study findings also indicate that the challenging COVID-19 pandemic context may be affecting patients’ intention to adopt teleconsultation.

ABSTRACT The use of masks to prevent COVID-19 infections generated much controversy and disagreements among the population, infectious disease specialists, and government representatives. Western countries were not used to using facial masks, and their adoption can be considered a non-technological innovation. This article explores the determinants of the intention to adopt, the actual use, and the continued intention to use a facemask to prevent COVID-19 infections in Brazil. Through structural equation modeling (SEM), relationships between constructs from the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the construct of trust in the authorities were applied to test the study’s hypotheses. The results suggest that perceived behavior control, subjective norms, and trust in the authorities are significant motivators for the actual use and continued intention to use facial masks in Brazil.

This work investigated the effect of adding ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Ce-TZP) on the fatigue behavior of alumina-based ceramic composites. Alumina powder (control group) and mixtures containing 5 wt.% (group A) and 20 wt.% (group B) of a commercial m-ZrO2/Al2O3/CeO2 powder mixture were milled/homogenized, compacted, sintered at 1600°C-2h, and submitted to hydrothermal degradation. The samples were characterized by relative density, microstructure, crystalline phases, and static mechanical properties. The cyclic fatigue strength was determined using the modified staircase method in 4-point bending tests. The results indicate that adding the m-ZrO2/Al2O3/CeO2 powder mixture to the Al2O3-matrix increases the tetragonal-ZrO2 grains (Ce-TZP) content, presenting 2.9 wt.% of Ce-TZP and 11.9 wt.% of Ce-TZP for group A and group B, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of Ce-TZP improves densification (98.5% → 99.1%) with a slight reduction in hardness and modulus of elasticity and a significant KIC increase of the composite (KIC = 6.7 MPa.m1/2, group B) when compared to monolithic alumina (KIC=2.4 MPa.m1/2). The fatigue strength limit of the control group was around 100 MPa, while the composites (groups A and B) presented the values of 279 MPa and 239 MPa, respectively. The results indicated that the incorporation of Ce-TZP significantly improves the fracture toughness of alumina-based ceramics. On the other hand, regarding the fatigue behavior, there was an increase in fatigue resistance in group A, resulting from the benefits of the t→m Ce-TZP grains transformation, which occurs during cyclic loading, producing a zone shielding that involves the tip of the crack, slowing its growth. The increase in the amount of Ce-TZP (group B) leads to an increase in the internal residual stresses between the phases due to anisotropy and difference in the thermal expansion coefficients, which accelerates the phase transformation and formation of microcracks at grain boundaries, reducing the fatigue strength of composites of group B.

RESUMO O presente estudo investiga a influência da prontidão e da aceitação na intenção de uso dos serviços de pagamentos móveis no Brasil, uma tecnologia crescente no ramo dos meios de pagamento. Utilizou-se como base a integração de construtos amplamente utilizados na literatura sobre aceitação de tecnologias - como utilidade percebida e facilidade de uso percebida - e construtos relacionados a serviços financeiros, como confiança e qualidade percebida. Além disso, este estudo também investigou como esses construtos são influenciados pela prontidão para a tecnologia (Parasuraman, 2000). Para testar o modelo proposto, uma survey com 402 respostas foi conduzida, com os dados sendo analisados via modelagem de equações estruturais (SEM). Os resultados mostraram que a aceitação de pagamentos móveis é diretamente influenciada pela confiança, pela utilidade e pela qualidade percebidas nos serviços de pagamentos móveis.

ABSTRACT This research investigates the influence of technology readiness on the acceptance of mobile payment services in Brazil, a growing technology within payment methods. The study analyses the relationship between constructs widely used in the literature on technology acceptance - such as perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use - and constructs related to financial services, such as trust and perceived quality. It also evaluates how technology readiness (Parasuraman, 2000) influences these constructs. The authors conducted a survey with 402 participants to test the proposed model, analyzing the data via structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that trust, usefulness, and perceived quality of mobile payment services directly influence mobile payment acceptance.

RESUMO O presente estudo buscou analisar os efeitos da satisfação, confiança e seus antecedentes na intenção de recompra online. A partir da teoria, são formuladas hipóteses dos construtos em relação à intenção de consumidores em recomprar online. As hipóteses foram testadas por meio de uma survey, a qual resultou em uma amostra de 250 indivíduos, cujo único requisito era já ter realizado compras online. Os dados coletados foram analisados via modelagem de equações estruturais, com a verificação de efeitos significativos em várias das hipóteses do estudo, tendo destaque para a confiança do consumidor, atuando como mediadora da relação entre os demais construtos e a intenção de recompra online. Cinco das nove hipóteses propostas se confirmaram, incluindo as relações entre: facilidade de uso e controle percebido, controle percebido sobre confiança, satisfação sobre confiança, benefícios percebidos sobre satisfação, e da confiança sobre intenção de recompra online.

ABSTRACT The present study sought to analyze the effects of satisfaction, trust and their antecedents on online repurchase intention. Based on extant theory, a model was proposed to evaluate the effects of several relevant constructs on consumers’ intention to repurchase online. The model’s hypotheses were tested through a survey that resulted in a sample of 250 individuals, all of whom had made online purchases in the past. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, with the verification of significant effects in several of the study's hypotheses, with trust acting as a mediator between the other constructs and the intention to repurchase online. Five out of the nine of the proposed hypotheses were confirmed, namely the relationships between ease of use and perceived control, perceived control and trust, satisfaction and trust, perceived benefits and satisfaction, and trust and online repurchase intention.

RESUMEN El presente estudio buscó analizar los efectos de la satisfacción, la confianza y sus antecedentes en la intención de recompra en línea. Basado en la teoría, se propuso un modelo para evaluar los efectos de varias construcciones relevantes sobre la intención de los consumidores de recomprar en línea. Las hipótesis del modelo se probaron a través de una encuesta que resultó en una muestra de 250 individuos, todos los cuales habían realizado compras en línea en el pasado. Los datos recopilados se analizaron utilizando modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, con la verificación de efectos significativos en varias de las hipótesis del estudio, con la confianza actuando como mediador entre las otras construcciones y la intención de recomprar en línea. Se confirmaron cinco de las nueve hipótesis propuestas, a saber, las relaciones entre la facilidad de uso y el control percibido, el control percibido y la confianza, la satisfacción y la confianza, los beneficios percibidos y la satisfacción, y la confianza y la intención de recompra en línea.

RESUMO Com a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento do processo de transmissão e distribuição de energia elétrica, as indústrias e concessionárias desse setor estão em busca de componentes mais otimizados para suas linhas de transmissão. Em consequência, há a necessidade de aprimorar a formação do cabo condutor, que é o elemento mais oneroso das linhas elétricas. Nestas circunstâncias, condutores formados apenas por fios de alumínio aparentam ser mais vantajosos em relação aos cabos com alma de aço, obtendo melhores índices de ampacidade/peso, diminuindo assim, o custo de transmissão. Neste cenário, o objetivo deste artigo, foi verificar a influência do fenômeno de fadiga por fretting sob condições controladas, nos fios de liga de alumínio AA 6201 T81 e AA 1120 H19, que formam os condutores CAL 900 MCM e CAL 823 MCM, respectivamente. Para alcançar tal fim, criou-se um programa experimental capaz de adquirir os dados sobre a resistência à fadiga dos cabos condutores e dos fios de forma separada, a fim de analisar a influência do fretting sob o parâmetro de carga normal de contato de 750 N. Ao examinar os resultados, o condutor CAL 900 MCM obteve a menor resistência à fadiga, apesar de ser constituído por uma liga com melhores propriedades mecânicas. O mesmo resultado foi obtido nos ensaios de fadiga por fretting nos fios, deste modo, pôde-se inferir que a liga AA 6201 T81, embora possua melhor resistência à fadiga, ela é mais suscetível a falha na presença de fretting quando comparada a liga AA 1120 H19.

ABSTRACT The electric transmission and distribution industries and utilities are looking for the most optimized components for their transmission lines. Thus, there is a need to improve the formation of the overhead conductor, which is the costliest element of electric transmission lines. Under these circumstances, conductors formed solely of aluminum wires appear to be more advantageous over aluminum conductor steel reinforced, obtaining better ampacity/weight ratios, thus lowering the transmission cost. The objective of this article was to verify the influence of the fretting fatigue phenomenon under controlled conditions, on the AA 6201 T81 and AA 1120 H19 aluminum alloy wires, which form the overhead conductors CAL 900 MCM and CAL 823 MCM, respectively. To achieve these goals, an experimental program was created capable of acquiring the data on the fatigue life of the overhead conductors and the wires separately, in order to verify the influence of fretting under a 750 N normal contact load parameter. In the results, the CAL 900 MCM achieved the lowest fatigue life, despite it made of an alloy with better mechanical properties. The same result was obtained in the fretting fatigue tests on wires, so it can be inferred that the AA 6201 T81 alloy, although it has better fatigue resistance, is more susceptible to failure in the presence of fretting when compared to AA 1120 H19 alloy.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to use a simulated vehicle to asses quantitatively the head and neck injuries of the occupants, in a frontal car crash, when the driver has only one hand on the steering wheel, such as while using a cell phone when driving. First, we conducted a survey of NHTSA reports on real laboratory tests of frontal collisions involving sedans. The effects of these collisions on the neck of a Hybrid III 50th percentile male crash test dummy were measured in terms of average head acceleration and force along the X, Z, and Y-axes. These acceleration, force and torque values obtained from the NHTSA database were used to validate the simulated model. The results obtained were compared with case E, the standard dummy position used in frontal collision tests. The results obtained in the simulation of the four cases of driving with only one hand demonstrate a probability of more than 67% that the driver will sustain AIS+2 injuries during a frontal crash. In all the cases, the skull fracture percentage was the most representative, occurring between 89 and 94% of cases where the driver had only one hand on the steering wheel.