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Abstract The flora of the Brazilian rupestrian grasslands represents a hotspot of species richness and endemisms. Stachytarpheta cassiae (Verbenaceae), is a micro endemic species, from which nothing is known. Here, we quantified the activity and intensity of vegetative and reproductive phenophases throughout 12 months and tested for their seasonality and their relationship with local climatic variables. Both vegetative and reproductive phenophases were continuous. No seasonality was observed in the vegetative phenophases and none of them was influenced by climatic variables. Only flower buds and mature fruits’ intensities showed seasonality in February (rainy season) and July (dry season), respectively. Accordingly, increased temperature and humidity combined explained increased production of flower buds whereas decreased rainfall explained increased mature fruits. Higher intensity in flower buds may respond to similar climatic conditions as other species in the community. However, S. cassiae is much different as it continues producing flowers continuously. Higher intensity of mature fruits in the dry season is expected as their seeds are abiotically dispersed. Due to constant flower and leaf production, S. cassia may be a key species for the conservation of many vertebrate and invertebrate species and for maintaining the biogeochemical functioning of the impoverished soils of the rupestrian grasslands. endemisms Verbenaceae, Verbenaceae , (Verbenaceae) known Here 1 variables continuous rainy season, respectively Accordingly community However S continuously dispersed (Verbenaceae

Resumo A flora dos campos rupestres brasileiros representa um hotspot de riqueza de espécies e endemismos. Stachytarpheta cassiae (Verbenaceae) é uma espécie micro endêmica, da qual nada se sabe sobre sua história natural. Aqui, quantificamos ao longo de 12 meses a atividade e intensidade das fenofases vegetativas e reprodutivas e testamos sua sazonalidade e sua relação com as variáveis climáticas locais. Tanto as fenofases vegetativas quanto as reprodutivas foram continuas. Não foi observada nenhuma sazonalidade nas fases vegetativas e nenhuma delas foi influenciada por variáveis climáticas. Somente os botões florais e a intensidade de frutos maduros mostraram sazonalidade significativa em fevereiro (estação chuvosa) e julho (estação seca), respectivamente. Assim, o aumento da temperatura e umidade combinados explicaram o aumento da produção de botões florais, enquanto a diminuição da precipitação explicou o aumento dos frutos maduros. A maior intensidade dos botões florais pode responder a condições climáticas semelhantes às de outras espécies na comunidade. No entanto, S. cassiae é muito diferente, pois produz flores continuamente. É esperada maior intensidade de frutos maduros na estação seca, já que suas sementes são dispersas por vetores abióticos. Devido à produção constante de flores e folhas, S. cassia pode ser uma espécie chave para a conservação de muitas espécies de vertebrados e invertebrados e para a manutenção do funcionamento biogeoquímico dos solos empobrecidos dos campos rupestres. endemismos Verbenaceae (Verbenaceae endêmica natural Aqui 1 locais continuas chuvosa seca , seca) respectivamente Assim comunidade entanto S diferente continuamente abióticos folhas

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202374019

Criteria for the implementation of ecological corridors in fragmented areas in southern Brazil
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Salomão, Natália Viveiros

; Silva, Leovandes Soares da

; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson

; Piuzana, Danielle

; Gonzaga, Anne Priscila Dias

; Machado, Evandro Luiz Mendonça

Ciência Florestal

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2023, Volume 33 N. 1 elocation e70337

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The present study aims to analyze the potential of areas for the implementation of ecological corridors. The study area represents a transition between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado domains and is extensively fragmented. Geographic Information System was used to determine suitable areas for the implementation of ecological corridors based on their ecological and structural potential, while multi-criteria classification was used to generate a final ecological map of the area. Weights and notes were assigned to vegetation class, river width, elevation and declivity in their respective maps, which were overlaid using ArcGis 10.3 software. Structural analysis of the area used the landscape metrics mean area, mean shape and total edge of fragments and mean connectivity among fragments in Fragstats software. The results indicated an ecologically and structurally suitable area for the implementation of ecological corridors in the study area. fragmented multicriteria multi criteria class width maps 103 10 3 10. software 1

RESUMO O presente estudo tem como propósito analisar áreas potenciais para a implantação de Corredores Ecológicos. Atualmente a área encontra-se fragmentada e está sob os domínios de Cerrado e Mata Atlântica. Baseado no Sistema de Informações Geográficas, foram determinadas possíveis áreas, do ponto de vista ecológico e estrutural, para a implantação dos Corredores Ecológicos. Para a geração do mapa final de potencial ecológico da área, utilizou-se a metodologia de classificação por múltiplos critérios. Foram atribuídos pesos e notas às classes de vegetação, largura dos rios, altitude e declividade em seus respectivos mapas. Após a determinação dos pesos e notas, realizou-se a sobreposição dos mapas no software ArcGis 10.3. Para analise estrutural da área utilizou-se às métricas de paisagem área média, formato médio e borda total dos fragmentos e conectividade média entre os fragmentos no software Fragstats. Os resultados apontaram para uma área ecologicamente e estruturalmente viável para a implantação dos Corredores Ecológicos na área de estudo. encontrase encontra se Atlântica Geográficas utilizouse utilizou critérios vegetação rios realizouse realizou 103 10 3 10.3 Fragstats 1 10.

https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509870337

Efeito da profundidade, estacionalidade e luminosidade no banco de sementes do solo de campo rupestre
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Veloso, Cristina Pereira de Jesus

; Figueiredo, João Carlos Gomes

; Mota, Nayara Mesquita

; Luz, Giovana Rodrigues da

; Azevedo, Islaine Franciely Pinheiro de

; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson

; Nunes, Yule Roberta Ferreira

Ciência Florestal

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apr 2022, Volume 32 N. 2 Pages 880 - 901

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A composição florística dos campos rupestres compreende um mosaico de espécies com adaptações distintas, exibindo alta diversidade e endemismo. Entretanto, as plantas dos campos rupestres possuem dependência às condições específicas do local e sua reprodução quase sempre é limitada, tornando difícil a regeneração natural após perturbações. O banco de sementes do solo representa um fator potencial para a regeneração deste ambiente. Objetivou-se avaliar o banco de sementes do solo de diferentes profundidades de uma área de campo rupestre, coletado em duas estações climáticas e submetido a duas condições de luminosidade. Foram coletadas amostras compostas de serapilheira e de solo (0-5 cm) em 13 parcelas de 100 m2, em uma área de campo rupestre na Serra do Cipó (Minas Gerais), nas estações seca e chuvosa. As amostras foram submetidas às condições de luminosidade pleno sol e sombreamento. No total, emergiram 185 plântulas pertencentes a 31 espécies e a nove famílias botânicas. As famílias com maior riqueza foram Cyperaceae, Poaceae e Asteraceae. Houve variação de riqueza, abundância e composição florística entre as profundidades do solo, mas não foi observada variação em relação à estacionalidade e às condições de luminosidade. As amostras de solo apresentaram valores superiores dos parâmetros avaliados em relação àquelas da serapilheira, mostrando que o banco de sementes é mais representativo no solo. Esses resultados demonstram que existe potencial de regeneração do campo rupestre por meio do banco de sementes do solo.

Abstract The floristic composition of the rupestrian grasslands comprises a mosaic of species with different adaptations exhibiting high diversity and endemism. However, the plant species from rupestrian grasslands are dependent on site-specific conditions and their reproduction is almost always limited, making natural regeneration after disturbances difficult. The soil seed bank represents a potential factor for the regeneration of this environment. The objective was to evaluate the soil seed bank of different depths of a rupestrian grassland area, collected in two climatic seasons and submitted to different light conditions. The samples composed of litter and soil (0-5 cm) were collected in 13 plots of 100 m2, in a rupestrian grassland area in Serra do Cipó (Minas Gerais state), in dry and rainy seasons. The samples were subjected to full sun and shading conditions. In total, 185 seedlings of 31 species and nine botanical families emerged. The richest families were Cyperaceae, Poaceae and Asteraceae. There was variation in richness, abundance and floristic composition among the soil strata, but no variation was observed in relation to seasonality and light conditions. The soil samples presented higher values of the evaluated parameters in relation to those ones of litter, showing that the seed bank is more representative in the soil stratum. These results demonstrate that there is potential for rupestrian grassland regenerations through the seed bank, especially the soil stratum.

https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509863100

Can our current knowledge and practice allow ecological restoration in the Cerrado?
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MEDEIROS, NATÁLIA F.

; FERNANDES, GERALDO WILSON

; RABELLO, ANANZA MARA

; BAHIA, THAÍSE O.

; SOLAR, RICARDO R.C.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 N. 1 elocation e20200665

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Ecological knowledge plays a significant role in ensuring efficient ecological restoration. We conducted a systematic review to assess if sufficient ecological knowledge has been accumulated to aid restoration practices for the Cerrado, a Brazilian biome dominated by savanna ecosystems and threatened by anthropogenic disturbances. Most Cerrado restoration studies were performed by few research groups and focused primarily on two vegetation types: cerrado sensu stricto (typical savanna) and riparian forest. We also found that defining reference ecosystems and selecting plant species for restoration programs is neglected, mostly disregarding their original occurrence and proportion of plant growth forms. Furthermore, studies lacked standardized and systematic evaluation of restoration outcomes. Hence, we argue that current ecological knowledge is insufficient to guarantee the success of large-scale ecological restoration of the Cerrado. We strengthen the need to explicitly define the reference ecosystem for each Cerrado ecosystem and use its structure and composition as guidance for ecological restoration research, which should be based on a scientific approach. We encourage investigations into ecological dynamics and natural regeneration of the different vegetation types of the Cerrado and highlight the importance of integrating such knowledge with environmental laws, societal engagement and cost-effective techniques to advance Cerrado ecological restoration.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120200665

Heading back into the perfect storm: increasing risks for disease emergence in Brazil?
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Ribeiro, Sérvio Pontes

; Vale, Mariana Moncassin

; Diniz-Filho, José Alexandre Felizola

; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson

; Reis, Alexandre Barbosa

; Grelle, Carlos Eduardo de Viveiros

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2022, Volume 55 elocation e0640-2021

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0640-2021

Interaction between increased CO2 and temperature enhance plant growth but do not affect millet grain production
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Lima, Gabriela Viana de Oliveira

; Oki, Yumi

; Bordignon, Leandra

; Siqueira, Wallison Kenedy

; França, Marcel Giovanni Costa

; Boanares, Daniela

; Franco, Augusto César

; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson

Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy

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2022, Volume 44 elocation e53515

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT. The intergovernmental panel on climate change predicts a progressive increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature; however, their effects on cereals have been shown for a limited number of species. This study evaluates the effects of increased CO2 concentration and temperature separately and combined on millet growth and grain production in open-top chambers where the microclimate was adjusted to the following conditions: ambient CO2 and temperature; CO2 enriched (~ 800 ppm) and ambient temperature; ambient CO2 and higher temperature (+3ºC); and CO2-enriched and higher temperature. For each treatment, two chambers were used, each containing 15 7 L pots. Each pot received five seeds at the beginning of the experiment and thinning to one plant per pot at 15 days after sowing. Ten plants were harvested from each chamber 65 days after sowing and the plant height, the number of leaves and the longest root length as well as shoot and root biomass were measured. The remaining plants were harvested 130 days after sowing to evaluate grain production. The results indicate that high CO2 levels did not affect plant growth and biomass. On the other hand, plants subjected to high temperature grew 7% taller than those grown under ambient temperature. Contrastingly, plants submitted to both elevated CO2 and temperature were 19% taller and had 22% more shoot biomass than plants under ambient CO2 and temperature. However, grain production did not change in any of the environmental conditions. We provide evidence that millets are tolerant of the predicted climate changes and that grain production potential may not be affected.

https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v44i1.53515

The Homogenization of two Different Natural Ecosystems by Conversion to Pasture in the Southern Espinhaço, Brazil
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Salomão, Natália Viveiros

; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson

; Pereira, Rafaella Silva

; Mucida, Danielle Piuzana

; Silva, Leovandes Soares da

; Gonzaga, Anne Priscia Dias

; Machado, Evandro Luiz Mendonça

Floresta e Ambiente

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2021, Volume 28 N. 2 elocation e20190077

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Fragmentation of natural areas alters the natural landscape, removing native vegetation and creating an anthropic matrix. In order to better understand the consequences of grazing in areas of campo rupestre and forest, the present study aimed to analyze changes in the vegetation of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest, in the Southern Espinhaço, between 1979 and 2015. The vegetation of the study area was identified as arboreal (forest), or herbaceous or shrubby (campo rupestre) by visual classification of a mosaic of aerial photographs from 1979 and the supervised classification of land use from a Landsat 8 image from 2015. Differences in vegetation were analyzed using a transition matrix based on the “Markov model”, which indicated conversions of vegetation classes due to the misuse of land, mainly as pasture. The results indicate the conversion of arboreal vegetation area into areas of exotic herbaceous vegetation, and stability in the area of shrubby vegetation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2019-0077 438 downloads

Potential interactions between herbivorous arthropods and of their natural enemies on Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) trees
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Demolin-Leite, Germano Leão

; Veloso, Ronnie Von dos Santos

; Soares, Marcus Alvarenga

; Lemes, Pedro Guilherme

; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson

; Zanuncio, José Cola

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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2021, Volume 65 N. 2 elocation e20210013

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The study of arthropod communities foraging on monocultures of native plants (e.g. Caryocar brasiliense) in biodiversity hotspots (e.g. Brazilian Cerrado) is important to understand the processes driving their performance. This study evaluated the possible interactions between galling herbivores, free-feeding arthropods, and of their natural enemies on C. brasiliense trees, in an orchard (monoculture). The possible competition observed were: i) between galling insects with defoliators and phytophagous mites, ii) between sucking insects, iii) between phytophagous mites and, iv) between Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) with Histiostoma sp. (Acari: Histiostomidae) on C. brasiliense trees. Numbers of predators and prey, parasitoids and hosts, and predators and parasitoids were directly related among them. The competitive interactions between herbivorous predator and parasitoid may reduce Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) populations, a potential pest of C. brasiliense. The predator Zelus armillatus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and the parasitoids Sycophila sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) and Ablerus magistretti (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) are important to determine the numbers of Eurytoma sp. and of its galls. These natural enemies may be important to control this galling insect on C. brasiliense trees. The arthropod competition affected their guild associated to C. brasiliense trees.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0013 174 downloads

The Program for Biodiversity Research in Brazil: The role of regional networks for biodiversity knowledge, dissemination, and conservation
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ROSA, CLARISSA

; BACCARO, FABRICIO

; CRONEMBERGER, CECILIA

; HIPÓLITO, JULIANA

; BARROS, CLAUDIA FRANCA

; RODRIGUES, DOMINGOS DE JESUS

; NECKEL-OLIVEIRA, SELVINO

; OVERBECK, GERHARD E.

; DRECHSLER-SANTOS, ELISANDRO RICARDO

; ANJOS, MARCELO RODRIGUES DOS

; FERREGUETTI, ÁTILLA C.

; AKAMA, ALBERTO

; MARTINS, MARLÚCIA BONIFÁCIO

; TOMAS, WALFRIDO MORAES

; SANTOS, SANDRA APARECIDA

; FERREIRA, VANDA LÚCIA

; CUNHA, CATIA NUNES DA

; PENHA, JERRY

; PINHO, JOÃO BATISTA DE

; SALIS, SUZANA MARIA

; DORIA, CAROLINA RODRIGUES DA COSTA

; PILLAR, VALÉRIO D.

; PODGAISKI, LUCIANA R.

; MENIN, MARCELO

; BÍGIO, NARCÍSIO COSTA

; ARAGÓN, SUSAN

; MANZATTO, ANGELO GILBERTO

; VÉLEZ-MARTIN, EDUARDO

; SILVA, ANA CAROLINA BORGES LINS E

; IZZO, THIAGO JUNQUEIRA

; MORTATI, AMANDA FREDERICO

; GIACOMIN, LEANDRO LACERDA

; ALMEIDA, THAÍS ELIAS

; ANDRÉ, THIAGO

; SILVEIRA, MARIA AUREA PINHEIRO DE ALMEIDA

; SILVEIRA, ANTÔNIO LAFFAYETE PIRES DA

; MESSIAS, MARILUCE REZENDE

; MARQUES, MARCIA C.M.

; PADIAL, ANDRE ANDRIAN

; MARQUES, RENATO

; BITAR, YOUSZEF O.C.

; SILVEIRA, MARCOS

; MORATO, ELDER FERREIRA

; PAGOTTO, RUBIANI DE CÁSSIA

; STRUSSMANN, CHRISTINE

; MACHADO, RICARDO BOMFIM

; AGUIAR, LUDMILLA MOURA DE SOUZA

; FERNANDES, GERALDO WILSON

; OKI, YUMI

; NOVAIS, SAMUEL

; FERREIRA, GUILHERME BRAGA

; BARBOSA, FLÁVIA RODRIGUES

; OCHOA, ANA C.

; MANGIONE, ANTONIO M.

; GATICA, AILIN

; CARRIZO, MARÍA CELINA

; RETTA, LUCÍA MARTINEZ

; JOFRÉ, LAURA E.

; CASTILLO, LUCIANA L.

; NEME, ANDREA M.

; RUEDA, CARLA

; TOLEDO, JOSÉ JULIO DE

; GRELLE, CARLOS EDUARDO VIVEIROS

; VALE, MARIANA M.

; VIEIRA, MARCUS VINICIUS

; CERQUEIRA, RUI

; HIGASHIKAWA, EMÍLIO MANABU

; MENDONÇA, FERNANDO PEREIRA DE

; GUERREIRO, QUÊZIA LEANDRO DE MOURA

; BANHOS, AUREO

; HERO, JEAN-MARC

; KOBLITZ, RODRIGO

; COLLEVATTI, ROSANE GARCIA

; SILVEIRA, LUÍS FÁBIO

; VASCONCELOS, HERALDO L.

; VIEIRA, CECÍLIA RODRIGUES

; COLLI, GUARINO RINALDI

; CECHIN, SONIA ZANINI

; SANTOS, TIAGO GOMES DOS

; FONTANA, CARLA S.

; JARENKOW, JOÃO A.

; MALABARBA, LUIZ R.

; RUEDA, MARTA P.

; ARAUJO, PUBLIO A.

; PALOMO, LUCAS

; ITURRE, MARTA C.

; BERGALLO, HELENA GODOY

; MAGNUSSON, WILLIAM E.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 N. 2 elocation e20201604

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio) is an innovative program designed to integrate all biodiversity research stakeholders. Operating since 2004, it has installed long-term ecological research sites throughout Brazil and its logic has been applied in some other southern-hemisphere countries. The program supports all aspects of research necessary to understand biodiversity and the processes that affect it. There are presently 161 sampling sites (see some of them at Supplementary Appendix), most of which use a standardized methodology that allows comparisons across biomes and through time. To date, there are about 1200 publications associated with PPBio that cover topics ranging from natural history to genetics and species distributions. Most of the field data and metadata are available through PPBio web sites or DataONE. Metadata is available for researchers that intend to explore the different faces of Brazilian biodiversity spatio-temporal variation, as well as for managers intending to improve conservation strategies. The Program also fostered, directly and indirectly, local technical capacity building, and supported the training of hundreds of undergraduate and graduate students. The main challenge is maintaining the long-term funding necessary to understand biodiversity patterns and processes under pressure from global environmental changes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120201604 1034 downloads

10.

Vegetative Propagation of Schizachyrium tenerum (Poaceae) Under Different Substrates and Environments
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Sena, Letícia

; Bahia, Thaise de O.

; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson

Floresta e Ambiente

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2021, Volume 28 N. 2 elocation e20200051

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) biome suffers intense degradation due to several anthropic activities and its recovery is extremely important for the restoration of environmental quality. Therefore, the present study tested the survival and growth of seedlings of the grass Schizachyrium tenerum produced by the division of clumps. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using Reddish Oxisol, dystrophic of “cerrado sensu stricto” and Litholic Neosol dystrophic of quartzitic rupestrian grassland with and without the addition of limestone and NPK. Survival of S. tenerum was also compared between being grown in a greenhouse and directly in the field in full sun. Seedlings of S. tenerum had greater survival, total growth, number of tillers and accumulation of biomass when cultivated in Reddish Oxisol and Reddish Oxisol with limestone added than in the other treatments. Seedling survival was three times greater when grown in a greenhouse than in full sun.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087-floram-2020-0051 527 downloads

11.

From Spanish Flu to Syndemic COVID-19: long-standing sanitarian vulnerability of Manaus, warnings from the Brazilian rainforest gateway
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RIBEIRO, SÉRVIO P.

; REIS, ALEXANDRE B.

; DÁTTILO, WESLEY

; SILVA, ALCIDES V.C. DE CASTRO E

; BARBOSA, EDUARDO AUGUSTO G.

; COURA-VITAL, WENDEL

; GÓES-NETO, ARISTÓTELES

; AZEVEDO, VASCO A.C.

; FERNANDES, GERALDO WILSON

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 elocation e20210431

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract A second deadlier wave of COVID-19 and the causes of the recent public health collapse of Manaus are compared with the Spanish flu events in that city, and Brazil. Historic sanitarian problems, and its hub position in the Brazilian airway network are combined drivers of deadly events related to COVID-19. These drivers were amplified by misleading governance, highly transmissible variants, and relaxation of social distancing. Several of these same factors may also have contributed to the dramatically severe outbreak of H1N1 in 1918, which caused the death of 10% of the population in seven months. We modelled Manaus parameters for the present pandemic and confirmed that lack of a proper social distancing might select the most transmissible variants. We succeeded to reproduce a first severe wave followed by a second stronger wave. The model also predicted that outbreaks may last for up to five and half years, slowing down gradually before the disease disappear. We validated the model by adjusting it to the Spanish Flu data for the city, and confirmed the pattern experienced by that time, of a first stronger wave in October-November 1918, followed by a second less intense wave in February-March 1919.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120210431 337 downloads

12.

Topsoil depth influences the recovery of rupestrian grasslands degraded by mining
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Rezende, Lina Andrade Lobo

; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson

; Braga, Ramon de Paula

; Dias, Luiz Eduardo

; Gomes, Vanessa Matos

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2021, Volume 45 elocation e0210056

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Close association of iron mining and ferruginous rupestrian grassland places this ecosystem in a special condition of vulnerability, with a large number of degraded areas requiring restoration. Seedling transplantation and topsoil translocation can be used to recover native vegetation in degraded areas. This study aimed to experimentally test the application of two different topsoil depths (0.20 and 0.40 m) in a degraded area. We assessed the vegetation’s natural recovery and the survival of transplanted native species from rescue operations in four 200 m2 plots established in each topsoil depth. There was no influence of topsoil depth on the plant species survival, while the vegetation cover was greater on the thicker topsoil. However, exotic species with invasive potential contributed substantially to this vegetation cover, requiring management planning. Some planted native species stood out for their survival ability in the topsoil 49 months after planting. Application of 0.20 m topsoil layer showed to be able to provide native species’ natural recovery and survivorship.

https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210056

13.

More is not always better: responses of the endemic plant Vellozia nanuzae to additional nutrients
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Cunha-Blum, Jessica

; Oki, Yumi

; Solar, Ricardo

; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson

Acta Botanica Brasilica

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sep 2020, Volume 34 N. 3 Pages 487 - 496

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Soil nutrients are one of the main drivers of plant species composition and distribution, mainly due to the role they play in plant survival and reproductive success. However, the nutritional requirements of plants inhabiting their native ecosystems are still poorly known. This is the case for most species of campo rupestre vegetation, which are found on infertile soils of quartzitic and ferruginous origin. The present study evaluated the effects of macronutrients and substrates on survival and growth of the micro-endemic Vellozia nanuzae (Velloziaceae). Plant mortality was about 95 % higher in soil enriched with macronutrients and almost 100 % in soils with added manure in the first 30 days. Individual plants from treatments with added nutrients had lower growth (53 % less) compared to individuals on natural substrates. In conclusion, Vellozia nanuzaesurvived and developed better on soil of its original habitat even though it is acidic and poor in nutrients. Our results show that more nutrients are not always better for the survival and development of native species that inhabit harsh ecosystems.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062020abb0041 634 downloads

14.

Does environmental diversity affect hymenopteran galling insects and their natural enemies on Caryocar brasiliense trees (Caryocaraceae)?
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Demolin-Leite, Germano Leão

; Von dos Santos-Veloso, Ronnie

; Alvarenga-Soares, Marcus

; Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson

; Cola-Zanuncio, José

; Alves-Oliveira, Nicole

; dos Santos Junior, Valdeir Celestino

Revista Colombiana de Entomología

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jun 2020, Volume 46 N. 1 elocation e8546

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Los árboles de Caryocar brasiliense (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae), que representan la principal fuente económica para muchas comunidades, están protegidas por leyes federales brasileñas. La transformación de la sabana de El Cerrado en áreas de pastoreo o agrícolas da como resultado un escenario de árboles de esta especie aislados en un paisaje agro-urbano. La presente investigación tuvo como objeto estudiar los efectos de la diversidad ambiental sobre la abundancia de comunidades de agallas en árboles de C. brasiliense en tres diferentes ambientes: cerrado, pastoreo y área urbana. La frecuencia de adultos de Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) y sus agallas, del parasitoide Sycophila sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) y del depredador Zelus armillatus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) fue más frecuente en hojas de C. brasiliense en el área urbana. Se observó una correlación negativa entre porcentajes de hojas con presencia de las agallas (todos los tipos) y el número de árboles. El hábitat de los árboles favoreció la diversidad de especies de agallas y sus enemigos naturales.

Abstract Caryocar brasiliense (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) trees, protected by Brazilian federal laws, are the main income source in many communities. The transformation of the Cerrado (savanna biome) into grazing or agricultural areas has been isolating these trees species in an agro-urban landscape. We studied the effects of environmental diversity on the abundance of galling insect communities inhabiting C. brasiliense trees in three different environments: Cerrado, pasture, and an urban area. Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) adults and their galls, its parasitoid Sycophila sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) and the predator Zelus armillatus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) were present in larger numbers on the C. brasiliense leaflets in the urban area. The percentages of totally galled leaflets (exhibiting all kinds of galls) and the number of trees were negatively correlated. Greater habitat diversity favored that of galling insect species and their natural enemies.

https://doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v46i1.8546 281 downloads

15.

Effect of patch size of the exotic host plant Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae) on herbivory
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Fernandes, Geraldo Wilson

; Rodrigues-Menelau, Maria Fernanda Vicente

; Almeida, Jarcilene Silva de

; Novais, Samuel

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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2020, Volume 64 N. 3 elocation e20200021

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Calotropis procera is a xerophytic perennial milkweed shrub native to Asia and Africa, which currently is also widely distributed throughout the Brazilian Caatinga. C. procera is well defended against herbivores, especially with latex and toxic steroidal cardenolides. The goal of this study was to evaluate how patch size of this exotic host plant affect insect herbivory. Eight patches were selected containing a varied number of C. procera individuals (5, 8, 29, 31, 55, 79, 116, and 172 individuals/patch) in the Caatinga. Patches were divided into four categories according to the number of C. procera individuals: very small (5 and 8), small (29 and 31), intermediate (55 and 79), and large (116 and 172). The percentage of herbivory was greater in patch categories with more individuals. Among the herbivorous insects associated with C. procera, larvae of Danaus spp. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) were commonly observed feeding on all patches. These herbivores present specialized behaviors to circumvent the presence of latex on the host leaves. Adult Danaus spp. females probably had higher probability to find large patches of C. procera, leaving a greater abundance of eggs and, consequently, increasing the herbivory by their larvae in these patches. In contrast to immigration tendency, emigration from large patches may be lower, because there is a higher probability of finding resources (e. g. suitable C. procera leaves) inside large patches compared with small patches. We conclude that patch size of the host plant C. procera is a major factor affecting herbivory.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2020-0021 873 downloads

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