Abstract Flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) is a steel degradation that occurs in heat recovery steam generators in the power industry. The mechanism of this corrosion comprises an electrochemical dissolution of the semi-protective magnetite layer (Fe3O4) that is formed within the pipes employed in the boilers. The FAC is influenced by different factors such as fluid velocity, pH and dissolved oxygen concentration. In this context, Rotating Cage tests were used to evaluate the influence of pH and dissolved oxygen content on FAC of A210, P11 and P22 steels. General corrosion was lower for P11 and P22 steels, an effect consistent with the presence of chromium in their compositions. General corrosion was most critical at pH 8.5. The corrosion intensity decreased for the three steels when the dissolved oxygen concentration increased, at 2 m/s. This behavior is coherent considering the most effective precipitation of Fe2O3 inside the pores of the Fe3O4 layer in a more oxidizing environment. For 3 m/s, the corrosion intensity increased for both materials when oxygen increased, showing the shear stress effect. These behaviors were more significant at pH 8.5. About pitting corrosion, the analyzes show localized attack in the majority of coupons, however with very low number of pits.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o potencial de mobilidade do ametryn em quatro tipos de solos: três da região semiárida do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (Cambissolo, Neossolo Flúvico e Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico latossólico) e um do Estado de Minas Gerais (Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo). A avaliação da mobilidade do ametryn foi feita utilizando colunas de PVC de 10 cm de diâmetro e 50 cm de comprimento. O experimento foi conduzido no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram compostas pelas colunas, preenchidas com os quatro tipos de solo, e as subparcelas, por 10 profundidades com intervalos de 5 cm (0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35-40, 40-45 e 45-50 cm). No topo das colunas, realizou-se aplicação de ametryn (4 kg ha-1) e, 12 horas após, simulou-se chuva de 60 mm. Após 72 horas da simulação da chuva, as colunas foram colocadas na posição horizontal e abertas longitudinalmente, divididas em seções de 5,0 cm. No centro de cada seção das colunas, foram coletadas amostras de solo para posterior extração e quantificação do herbicida através de análise por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). Após a coleta das amostras para extração, procedeu-se à semeadura de cinco sementes de pepino (Cucumis sativus) como planta indicadora da presença do herbicida. A mobilidade do ametryn nas colunas foi influenciada pelas características físicas e químicas do solo, como textura, teor de argila e de matéria orgânica e pH. Os solos da região semiárida do Rio Grande do Norte apresentaram maior potencial de mobilidade do ametryn, sendo detectado até 25, 20 e 15 cm de profundidade no Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico latossólico, Cambissolo e Neossolo flúvico, respectivamente. No Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, com maior teor de matéria orgânica e pH 4,7, a mobilidade do ametryn restringiu-se a 5 cm de profundidade. O método do bioensaio com pepino como planta indicadora pode ser utilizado em estudos de lixiviação desse herbicida, em substituição ao método cromatográfico.

This work aimed to evaluate ametryn mobility in four types of soils, three from the semiarid region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte (Cambisol ; Fluvic Neosol; Latosolic Dystrophic Red-Yellow Argisol) and one from the state of Minas Gerais (Red-Yellow Latosol). Ametryn mobility was evaluated using PVC columns of 10 cm in diameter and 50 cm long. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot in a completely randomized design with four replications. The plots were composed by the columns, filled with the four types of soils and the subplots by 10 depths at intervals of 5 cm (0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, 25-30 , 30-35, 35-40, 40-45 and 45-50 cm). Ametryn was applied on top of the columns (4 kg ha-1) and, 12 hours later, rainfall was simulated at the intensity of 60 mm. After 72 hours of simulated rain, the columns were placed in a horizontal position and opened longitudinally, divided into sections of 5.0 cm. At the center of each section, soil samples were collected for subsequent herbicide extraction and quantification through analysis by liquid chromatography (HPLC). Five seeds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were sown as bio-indicators of the presence of the herbicide. Ametryn mobility at the columns was influenced by the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil,(soil texture, organic matter, and pH). The Rio Grande do Norte semiarid region soils had higher ametryn mobility potential, being detected at up to 25, 20, and 15 cm depth in Latosolic Dystrophic Red- Yellow Argisol, Cambisol, and Fluvic Neosol, respectively. Ametryn mobility was restricted to 5 cm depth in the Red Yellow Latosol, with higher organic matter content and pH 4.7. The bioassay method was more efficient to confirm ametryn leaching than liquid chromatography.