Challenges in the process of inclusion of students with disabilities are still experienced today. In this sense, the identification of problems and potential interventions to improve teaching and access to education are fundamental. The present work aimed to explain the challenges of inclusive education in Brazilian educational institutions and to investigate which didactic and pedagogical attitudes are being implemented in the country. An integrative literature review with descriptive analysis and qualitative approach of articles published between the years 2000 and 2020 was carried out. Articles indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library On-Line-SCIELO, Portal de periódicos da CAPES and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde-LILACS databases were included. Overall, 18 articles met all the inclusion criteria and served as the basis for extracting the information for analysis. As a result, it was found that teachers and educational institutions lacked the capacity to deal with students with special educational needs. Among the problems and difficulties most reported was the lack of preparation of teachers, lack of specific teaching methodologies and lack of adequate physical structures in schools. As strategies for improving the inclusion process, the use of games was highlighted. It is hoped that this study will serve as a mechanism for reflection and awareness for all agents involved in the inclusion of students with disabilities and that it will contribute to the adequacy and improvement of public policies for the qualification of teachers, as well as the adequacy of educational institutions in Brazil.

Los retos en el proceso de inclusión de los estudiantes con discapacidades se siguen experimentando hoy en día. En este sentido, la identificación de los problemas y las posibles intervenciones para mejorar la enseñanza y el acceso a la educación son fundamentales. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo explicar los desafíos de la educación inclusiva en las instituciones educativas de Brasil e investigar qué actitudes didácticas y pedagógicas se están implementando en el país. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica integradora con análisis descriptivo y enfoque cualitativo de los artículos publicados entre 2000 y 2020. Se incluyeron artículos indexados en las bases de datos Scientific Electronic Library On-Line-SCIELO, Portal de periódicos da CAPES y Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde-LILACS. En general, 18 artículos cumplieron todos los criterios de inclusión y sirvieron de base para la extracción de información para el análisis. Como resultado, se comprobó que los profesores y los centros educativos carecían de formación para tratar a los alumnos con necesidades educativas especiales. Entre los problemas y dificultades más señalados está la falta de preparación de los profesores, la falta de metodologías de enseñanza específicas y la falta de estructuras físicas adecuadas en las escuelas. Como estrategias para mejorar el proceso de inclusión, se destacó el uso de juegos. Se espera que este estudio sirva como mecanismo de reflexión y sencsibilización para todos los agentes implicados en la inclusión de alumnos con discapacidad y que contribuya a la adecuación y mejora de las políticas públicas de cualificación del profesorado, así como a la adecuación de las instituciones educativas en Brasil.

Desafios no processo de inclusão de alunos com deficiência ainda são vivenciados atualmente. Nesse sentido, a identificação de problemas e potenciais intervenções para a melhoria do ensino e acesso à educação são fundamentais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo explanar sobre os desafios da educação inclusiva em instituições de ensino do Brasil e investigar quais atitudes didático pedagógicas estão sendo implantadas no país. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura com análise descritiva e abordagem qualitativa de artigos publicados no período entre os anos 2000 e 2020. Foram incluídos artigos indexados nas bases de dados Scientific Eletronic Library On-Line–SCIELO, Portal de periódicos da CAPES e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde–LILACS. No geral, 18 artigos obedeceram a todos os critérios de inclusão e serviram de base para a extração das informações para análise. Como resultado constatou-se que professores e instituições de ensino apresentam falta de capacitação para lidar com alunos com deficiência. Dentre os problemas e dificuldades mais relatados destacou-se o despreparo dos professores, falta de metodologias pedagógicas específicas e carência em estrutura física adequadas nas escolas. Como estratégias para a melhoria do processo de inclusão, destacou-se o uso de jogos. Espera-se que este estudo sirva como mecanismo de reflexão e sensibilização para todos os agentes envolvidos na inclusão de alunos com deficiência e que contribua na adequação e aprimoramento de políticas públicas em prol da qualificação de professores, bem como na adequação das instituições de ensino no Brasil.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection lacks treatment options and is associated with prolonged hospital stays and high mortality rates. The production of carbapenemases is one of the most important factors responsible for this multi-resistance phenomenon. METHODS: In the present study, we analyzed the presence of genes encoding carbapenemases in K. pneumoniae isolates circulating in one of the public hospitals in the city of Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. We also determined the best combination of drugs that display in vitro antimicrobial synergy. First, 147 carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates were validated for the presence of blaKPC, bla GES, bla NDM, bla SPM, bla IMP, bla VIM, and bla OXA-48 genes using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Thereafter, using two isolates (97 and 102), the role of double and triple combinational drug therapy as a treatment option was analyzed. RESULTS: Seventy-four (50.3%) isolates were positive for bla NDM, eight (5.4%) for bla KPC, and one (1.2%) for both bla NDM and bla KPC. In the synergy tests, double combinations were better than triple combinations. Polymyxin B and amikacin for isolate 97 and polymyxin B coupled with meropenem for isolate 102 showed the best response. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians in normal practice use multiple drugs to treat infections caused by multi-resistant microorganism; however, in most cases, the benefit of the combinations is unknown. In vitro synergistic tests, such as those described herein, are important as they might help select an appropriate multi-drug antibiotic therapy and a correct dosage, ultimately reducing toxicities and the development of antibiotic resistance.

Abstract: Variable rates of HPV infection have been reported in healthy oral mucosa worldwide. The main objective of this study was to detect and genotype HPV infection in users and nonusers of drugs with clinically healthy mucosa from the Northeast Brazil. Samples from 105 patients were amplified using the primers MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+, and genotyping was performed by multiplex-PCR for HPV-6/11, 16 and 18. A total of 81.9% samples were positive. Among drug users, 84.5% presented the virus and 20.4% showed multiple infections. Among non-drug users, 78.7% were positive and 13.5% had multiple infections. Limited information is available on oral HPV in Brazilian population, especially for drug users, and our results showed higher HPV infection rates in both users and nonusers of drugs. More studies and researches focused on drug users including factors like sexual behavior, nutrition and cultural habits are necessary to enhance the comprehension of this relationship, and develop preventive strategies.

Abstract INTRODUCTION The organophosphate temephos was first used in Brazil in the 1960s for the control of Aedes aegypti. Because of its extensive and longstanding use worldwide, selection for mosquito populations resistant to the chemical has been observed not only in different regions of Brazil but also in several parts of the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to the organophosphate temephos, a larvicide used in vector control activities in Sergipe/Northeast Brazil. METHODS This study included mosquito populations from seven municipalities of Sergipe and was carried out from October 2010 to August 2011. Qualitative bioassays of diagnostic dose and dose responses were performed. The resistance ratio was calculated based on lethal concentrations for mosquitoes of the susceptible Rockefeller strain. RESULTS: All populations were classified as resistant to temephos. The resistance ratio ranged from 22.2 to 297.9, the lowest being seen in Aracaju, a coastal area of the state, and the highest in Pinhão, a semi-arid region, 96.6km from Aracaju. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of temephos resistance were observed in the Ae. aegypti populations of Sergipe. The variation between regions indicates that there have been different regimes of insecticide use and also points to the potential of small cities to generate and spread insecticide resistance.

ABSTRACT Human neural angiostrongyliasis is an emerging infectious disease caused by nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis. The present study investigated the presence of Angiostrongylus spp. in terrestrial molluscs collected from the following areas in the Metropolitan Region of Aracaju, Sergipe State, Brazil: Barra dos Coqueiros, Nossa Senhora do Socorro, Sao Cristovao and Aracaju. In total, 703 specimens representing 13 mollusc species were screened for Angiostrongylus spp. Larvae of Angiostrongylus spp. were found in three species. Larvae recovered from Achatina fulica were used for experimental infection in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). For specific identification of nematodes, the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was sequenced from both larvae and adults recovered from molluscs and rats, respectively. Infection with A. cantonensis was detected in all municipalities and in the following three host species: Bulimulus tenuissimus, Cyclodontina fasciata (Barra dos Coqueiros), and A. fulica (Aracaju, Nossa Senhora do Socorro and Sao Cristovao). Co-infections were also found with Caenorhabditis sp. and Strongyluris sp. larvae. This is the first study of the helminth fauna associated with the terrestrial malacofauna in Sergipe State, and confirms that these three snail species are involved in the transmission of A. cantonensis in the state. In addition, B. tenuissimus and C. fasciata are newly reported natural hosts of the parasite.

Abstract The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral carcinogenesis is still controversial as detection rates of the virus in oral cavity reported in the literature varies greatly. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of HPV infection and its genotypes in patients with oral lesions at the Ambulatory of Oral Diagnosis of the Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil. Material and Methods We conducted a molecular study with 21 patients (15 females) aged from two to 83 years with clinically detectable oral lesions. Samples were collected through exfoliation of lesions and HPV-DNA was identified using MY09/11 and GP5+/6+ primers. Genotyping was performed by multiplex PCR. Results Benign, premalignant and malignant lesions were diagnosed by histopathology. HPV was detected in 17 samples. Of these, HPV-6 was detected in 10 samples, HPV-18 in four and HPV-16 in one sample. When samples were categorized by lesion types, HPV was detected in two papilloma cases (2/3), five carcinomas (5/6), one hyperplasia (1/1) and nine dysplasia cases (9/11). Conclusion Unlike other studies in the literature, we reported high occurrence of HPV in oral lesions. Further studies are required to enhance the comprehension of natural history of oral lesions.

INTRODUÇÃO: A hipotensão pós-exercício (HPE) é considerada uma estratégia não farmacológica adotada para redução da pressão arterial (PA). Ademais, sabe-se que a presença de alguns polimorfismos genéticos influencia a resposta pressórica, como o I/D do gene da enzima conversora da angiotensina (ECA). Objetivo: Analisar a influência do polimorfismo I/D da ECA sobre a HPE após três diferentes intensidades de exercício em jovens normotensos e fisicamente ativos. MÉTODOS: Vinte e seis jovens saudáveis (DD = 11; ID/II = 15) realizaram uma sessão máxima de 1.600 metros, na pista de atletismo e outras três sessões experimentais (Sessão Moderada: 6% abaixo do limiar anaeróbio, Sessão Intensa: 6% acima do limiar anaeróbio e Sessão de Controle), com aferições prévias da PA, por 20 minutos e posteriores ao exercício por 60 minutos. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que o exercício moderado ocasionou HPE independentemente do grupo genotípico, sendo mais evidente para a pressão arterial sistólica nos momentos 45 minutos e 60 minutos (p ≤ 0,05). Verificou-se também que a característica gênica exerceu influência sobre a área abaixo da curva pressórica (p ≤ 0,005) sobre a pressão arterial diastólica, formada 1 hora após o exercício. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que o exercício moderado ocasiona HPE em jovens normotensos e fisicamente ativos, independentemente do polimorfismo I/D no gene da ECA, sendo que esse polimorfismo exerce influência sobre a hipotensão diastólica, e os indivíduos portadores do alelo I apresentam maior decaimento da PA diastólica (PAD).

INTRODUCTION: The post-exercise hypotension (PEH) is considered a non-pharmacological strategy adopted for lowering blood pressure (BP). Moreover, it is known that the presence of some genetic polymorphisms, such as the I/D of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene, can influence the blood pressure response. Objective: Analyze the influence of the ACE I/D polymorphism on PEH after three different exercise intensities in normotensive and physically active young people. METHODS: Twenty-six healthy young men (DD=11; ID/II=15) performed a maximal 1600 meters running session in a athletics track and another three experimental sessions (Moderate Session: 6% below the anaerobic threshold, Intense Session: 6% above the anaerobic threshold, and a Control Session) with previous measurements of BP for 20 minutes and after the exercise for 60 minutes. RESULTS: It was observed that moderate exercise has brought on PEH, regardless of genotype group, being more evident for systolic blood pressure at 45 minutes and 60 minutes (p≤0.05). It was also found that the genic characteristics has influence on the area under the pressure curve (p≤0.005) for the diastolic blood pressure, formed 1 hour after exercise. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that moderate exercise causes PEH in normotensive and physically active young men, regardless of I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene, that this polymorphism influences the diastolic blood pressure, and that subjects with the I allele have a greater drop in diastolic BP (DBP).

INTRODUCCIÓN: La hipotensión post-ejercicio (HPE) es considerada una estrategia no farmacológica aprobada para bajar la presión arterial (PA). Además, se sabe que la presencia de determinados polimorfismos genéticos, tales como el polimorfismo I/D del gen de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ECA), influyen en la respuesta de la presión. Objetivo: Analizar la influencia del polimorfismo I/D del gen de la ECA en la HPE después de tres intensidades diferentes de ejercicio en los jóvenes normotensos y físicamente activos. MÉTODOS: Veintiséis jóvenes sanos (DD = 11; ID / II = 15) realizaron una sesión máxima de 1.600 metros en pista de atletismo y tres sesiones experimentales (Sesión Moderada: 6% por debajo del umbral anaeróbico, Sesión Intensa: 6% por encima del umbral anaeróbico y una Sesión de Control), con mediciones anteriores de PA durante 20 minutos y después del ejercicio, durante 60 minutos. RESULTADOS: Se observó que el ejercicio moderado ha producido HPE independientemente del grupo de genotipo, siendo más evidente para la presión arterial sistólica en 45 minutos y 60 minutos (p ≤ 0,05). También se encontró que la característica génica ejerce influencia en el área bajo la curva de presión (p ≤ 0,005) para la presión arterial diastólica, formada 1 hora después del ejercicio. CONCLUSIÓN: Se concluye que el ejercicio moderado provoca HPE en jóvenes normotensos y físicamente activos, independientemente del polimorfismo I/D del gen de la ECA, y que este polimorfismo tiene influencia en la presión arterial diastólica y los portadores del alelo I presentan mayor deterioro PA diastólica (PAD).

We assessed the risk classification of dengue fever based on the capture of Aedes aegypti adults using MosquiTRAP, a type of sticky trap, in comparison with traditional larval infestation indices. A total of 27 MosquiTRAPs were installed, with one trap per block, and were inspected weekly between November 2008-February 2009. Infestation baseline data were obtained from a survey conducted prior to trap installation. The index generated by MosquiTRAP and house index (HI) classified the area "in alert situation". The set for risk of dengue occurrence proposed by the use of MosquiTRAP classify areas in the same way of the traditional HI.

Dados sobre a co-infecção Schistosoma mansoni-Entamoeba histolytica são escassos na literatura. No presente estudo, hamsters com 70 dias de infecção por Schistosoma mansoni (cepa LE) foram inoculados com trofozoítos de Entamoeba histolytica, cepa ICB-EGG (virulenta) e cepa ICB-RPS (não virulenta), via veia porta. O mais evidente resultado da co-infecção foi o aumento da morbidade e mortalidade, quando comparado com os animais com somente uma das infecções. Histologicamente, não houve sinais evidentes da interação entre as duas infecções. O aspecto morfológico do granuloma esquistossomótico e do abcesso hepático amebiano são similares aos observados nos controles, com somente uma infecção. Entretanto, foi observado que os animais co-infectados apresentavam-se mais debilitados e com maior número de lesões amebianas no fígado. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a esquistossomose agrava o curso da infecção amebiana em hamsters.

Data on Schistosoma mansoni-Entamoeba histolytica coinfection are scarce in the literature. In the present study, hamsters that had been infected for 70 days with Schistosoma mansoni (LE strain) were inoculated via the portal vein with two strains of trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica: ICB-EGG (highly virulent) and ICB-RPS (non-virulent). The most evident result of coinfection was increased morbidity and mortality, in comparison with either of the infections alone. Histologically, there were no evident signs of interaction between these two infections. The morphological findings of schistosomal granuloma and amoebic abscesses in the liver were similar to those seen in the respective single-infection controls. However, there was severe wasting of the animals with both infections and greater numbers of amoebic lesions in their livers. The results obtained indicated that schistosomiasis aggravates the course of amoebiasis in hamsters.