ABSTRACT Introduction: Worldwide, anxiety and depression are the most common mental disorders, both in clinical settings and in the general population. The Patient Health Questionnaire-4 is the most widely used open access instrument to assess anxiety and depression in both clinical and community settings. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the psychometric evidence of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4). Method: 1015 Peruvian individuals between 18 and 69 years old (M=26.4, SD=9.93, 58.6% women) who experienced the death of a loved one participated. Techniques derived from Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory (IRT) were used. Results: Three models were tested: one-dimensional (CFI = 0.989; TLI = 0.966; RMSEA = 0.075), the two-factor model (CFI = 1.000; TLI = 1.000; RMSEA = 0.000) and the bifactor model which did not converge. The two-factor model was the one that came closest to a perfect model. Reliability, evaluated using the omega coefficient, was adequate for both the unidimensional model (ω = 0.88) and the two-factor model (ω anxiety = 0.83; ω depression = 0.78). The IRT analysis indicated that the PHQ-4 items are adequate indicators that can discriminate between those who do or do not present the traits of anxiety and depression. Regarding the relationship between the PHQ-4 and pandemic grief, both the unidimensional model and the two-factor model demonstrated appropriate fit indices. It was shown that the one-dimensional and two-factor models are invariant according to gender and age. Conclusion: Although the one-factor model and two correlated factors show adequate fit indices, the second had a better fit. Furthermore, this model presented adequate reliability, discrimination and a significant relationship with dysfunctional grief.

RESUMEN Introducción: A nivel mundial, la ansiedad y la depresión figuran como los trastornos mentales más frecuentes, tanto en entornos clínicos como en la población en general. El Patient Health Questionnaire-4 es el instrumento de acceso libre más utilizado para evaluar la ansiedad y depresión tanto en entornos clínicos como comunitarios. Objetivo: El estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las evidencias psicométricas del Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) Método: Participaron 1015 individuos peruanos entre 18 y 69 años (M=26.4, DE=9.93, 58.6% mujeres) que experimentaron la muerte de un ser querido. Se utilizaron técnicas derivadas de la Teoría Clásica de los Test y la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (IRT). Resultados: Se probaron tres modelos: unidimensional (CFI = 0.989; TLI = 0.966; RMSEA = 0.075), el de dos factores (CFI = 1.000; TLI = 1.000; RMSEA = 0.000) y el modelo bifactor el cual no convergió. El modelo de dos factores fue el que más se aproximó a un modelo perfecto. La confiabilidad, evaluada mediante el coeficiente omega, fue adecuada tanto para el modelo unidimensional (ω = 0.88) como para el de dos factores (ωansiedad = 0.83; ωdepresión = 0.78). El análisis por IRT indicó que, los ítems del PHQ-4 son adecuados indicadores que pueden discriminar entre quienes presentan o no los rasgos de ansiedad y depresión. Respecto a la relación entre el PHQ-4 y el duelo pandémico, tanto el modelo unidimensional (como el de dos factores demostraron índices de ajuste adecuados. Se demostró que el modelo unidimensional y el de dos factores son invariantes según el género y la edad. Conclusión: A pesar de que el modelo de un factor y dos factores correlacionados muestran adecuados índices de ajuste, el segundo tuvo un mejor ajuste. Además, este modelo presentó adecuada fiabilidad, discriminación y relación significativa con el duelo disfuncional.

ABSTRACT Aeration is carried out by blowing external air into the silo, with the aim to keep the temperature in the mass of stored grains at safe levels. In the present study, the energy efficiency of aeration of stored sunflower grains was estimated, and a model was proposed and tested to estimate the energy efficiency of aeration, using different algorithms in supervised and unsupervised machine learning. The objective of the work was to develop a Web application based on data mining and modeling with machine learning. The database was composed of information on the average temperature at the height of the sensors, average temperature of the silo, external ambient temperature, occurrence of aeration, if there was cooling, heating and direct heating during aeration, and the energy efficiency of the aeration process. The model for estimating the energy efficiency of the aeration process proved to be efficient, identifying that the energy efficiency was 97.78% during the aeration of stored sunflower grains. Among the classifier algorithms tested, Support Vector Machine (SVM-Poly) showed the best metrics and indicators, hence being recommended for implementation in system development networks capable of predicting the aeration status of stored grains.

RESUMO A aeração é realizada por meio da insuflação do ar externo para dentro do silo, tendo como objetivo manter a temperatura da massa de grãos armazenados em níveis seguros. No presente estudo foi estimada a eficiência energética da aeração de grãos de girassol armazenados, assim como proposto e testado um modelo de estimativa da eficiência energética da aeração, utilizando diferentes algoritmos no aprendizado de máquinas supervisionado e não supervisionado. O objetivo no trabalho foi desenvolver uma aplicação Web a partir da mineração e modelagem dos dados com o aprendizado de máquinas. O banco de dados foi composto pelas informações da temperatura média do nível dos sensores, temperatura média do silo, temperatura ambiente externa, ocorrência de aeração, se houve resfriamento, aquecimento e aquecimento direto durante aeração, e a eficiência energética do processo de aeração. O modelo de estimativa da eficiência energética do processo de aeração demonstrou-se eficiente, identificando que durante a aeração de grãos de girassol armazenados a eficiência energética foi de 97,78%. Dentre os algoritmos classificadores testados na Máquina de Vetores de Suporte (SVM-Poly) apresentou as melhores métricas e indicadores, sendo recomendado para implementação em redes de desenvolvimento de sistemas capaz de predizer o status da aeração de grãos armazenados.

RESUMEN: La industria alimentaria enfrenta desafíos para garantizar productos sabrosos, seguros y de alta calidad durante largos períodos. Este estudio aborda el uso de nanotecnología y biopolímeros como soluciones sostenibles para el embalaje de alimentos, en respuesta al problema ambiental causado por los plásticos convencionales. La nanotecnología ofrece envases con propiedades antimicrobianas y de barrera, extendiendo la vida útil de los alimentos. Los biopolímeros, biodegradables y de fuentes renovables, son una alternativa ecológica para el empaquetado. Mediante una Revisión Sistemática de Literatura (RSL), se analiza la aplicabilidad de estas tecnologías en la industria alimentaria, usando métodos como PICOC y análisis bibliométrico para evaluar estudios relevantes. Los hallazgos destacan avances en seguridad y propiedades mecánicas de estos nuevos materiales, pero también señalan desafíos en su implementación a gran escala, incluyendo preocupaciones sobre seguridad y aceptación del consumidor. Se subraya la necesidad de más investigaciones para evaluar la viabilidad industrial y el impacto en la seguridad alimentaria, así como en aspectos económicos y de sostenibilidad a largo plazo. Este enfoque integral busca fomentar el uso de tecnologías sostenibles en el envasado de alimentos, contribuyendo a reducir residuos plásticos y proteger el medio ambiente.

ABSTRACT: The food industry faces challenges in ensuring tasty, safe and high-quality products over long periods. This study addresses the use of nanotechnology and biopolymers as sustainable solutions for food packaging in response to the environmental problem caused by conventional plastics. Nanotechnology offers packaging with antimicrobial and barrier properties, extending the shelf life of food. Biopolymers, biodegradable and from renewable sources, are an environmentally friendly alternative for packaging. Through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), the applicability of these technologies in the food industry is analyzed, using methods such as PICOC and bibliometric analysis to evaluate relevant studies. The findings highlight advances in safety and mechanical properties of these new materials, but also point to challenges in their large-scale implementation, including concerns about safety and consumer acceptance. It highlights the need for further research to assess industrial feasibility and impact on food safety, as well as long-term economic and sustainability aspects. This comprehensive approach seeks to encourage the use of sustainable technologies in food packaging, helping to reduce plastic waste and protect the environment.

Abstract Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis is a prevalent and debilitating musculoskeletal condition, particularly in the elderly. Early detection and accurate classification are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Objective: To investigate the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer vision for the automated detection and classification of knee osteoarthritis based on the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) scale. Additionally, to develop and evaluate an automated system capable of accurately classifying the severity of the disease. Materials and Methods: A public dataset of radiographic knee images pre-classified according to the KL scale was used. The images were processed with LandingLens software, using the ConvNext architecture, a convolutional neural network. The model was trained with 995 images and was used to evaluate 240 trial images. Results: The model achieved an overall accuracy of 92.55% in classifying knee osteoarthritis according to the KL scale, with a sensitivity of 93.33%. Per-class accuracy was as follows: 97.87% for grade 0, 79.74% for grade 1, 88.68% for grade 2, 94.04% for grade 3, and 99.42% for grade 4. Conclusions: This study confirms the efficacy of AI and computer vision technologies in the automated detection of knee osteoarthritis. Integrating these technologies into clinical practice can enhance the efficiency and consistency of patient evaluations, ultimately leading to improved clinical outcomes and more personalized care.

Resumen Introducción: La artrosis de rodilla es una enfermedad osteoarticular prevalente y debilitante, especialmente en adultos mayores. Su detección temprana y la clasificación precisa son cruciales para mejorar los resultados clínicos. Objetivos: Investigar el uso de la inteligencia artificial y la visión por computadora para la detección y clasificación automatizada de la artrosis de rodilla según la escala de Kellgren-Lawrence. Desarrollar un sistema automatizado y evaluar su precisión para clasificar la gravedad de la enfermedad. Materiales y Métodos: Se utilizó un conjunto de datos públicos con imágenes radiográficas de rodillas clasificadas según la escala de Kellgren-Lawrence. Las imágenes fueron procesadas con el programa LandingLens, empleando la arquitectura ConvNext, una red neuronal convolucional. El modelo fue entrenado con 995 imágenes y evaluado con 240 imágenes de prueba. Resultados: El modelo alcanzó una precisión global del 92,55% en la clasificación de la artrosis de rodilla, con una sensibilidad del 93,33%. La precisión por clase fue del 97,87% para el grado 0; 79,74% para el grado 1; 88,68% para el grado 2; 94,04% para el grado 3 y 99,42% para el grado 4. Conclusiones: El estudio confirma la eficacia de la inteligencia artificial y la visión por computadora en la detección automatizada de la artrosis de rodilla. La integración de estas tecnologías en la práctica clínica podría mejorar la eficiencia, la consistencia en la evaluación de los pacientes y los resultados clínicos, y así favorecer una atención médica más personalizada.

RESUMEN Los anestésicos locales (AL), pueden causar efectos no deseados como la contracción sostenida de los músculos esqueléticos como consecuencia de cambios estructurales y funcionales. Como es sabido, la función adecuada del músculo esquelético está controlada por la concentración de Ca2+ intracelular y por la producción eficiente de energía (ATP), íntimamente relacionado con la ultraestructura celular. Objetivo El propósito de este trabajo fue relacionar los cambios estructurales y funcionales provocados por los AL. Materiales y Método se utilizaron ratas Wistar macho de 200 a 250g de peso (n:49), bajo anestesia intramuscular (IM) de xilazina 2% (0,05 ml) y ketamina 50 mg/ml (0,1 ml/100g peso de rata) se les aplicó en el músculo masetero (MM): 0,1ml de solución fisiológica (grupo SF) o Carragenina (grupo Carr) 1% como grupo control positivo o Prilocaína (grupo Pri), Mepivacaína (grupo Mepi) y articaína (grupo Arti) 0,3M, IM. Un grupo no recibió tratamiento, grupo Control (C). Se realizó la eutanasia por dislocación cervical a la hora post tratamiento. Se evaluó histológicamente y mediante microscopía electrónica (ME) los efectos de los distintos anestésicos a la hora post-inyección en músculo masetero. Además, se evaluó la actividad Ca-ATPásica y la lipoperoxidación de membrana (LPX) en homogenatos de músculo con las mismas condiciones que el utilizado para realizar los cortes histológicos. Resultados En general se observaron daños estructurales en los tejidos tratados con anestésicos y aumento de la contracción muscular. Los valores extremos de la actividad Ca-ATPásica y la LPX se observaron en el control positivo (carragenina). Los resultados obtenidos se analizaron por comparación múltiple ANOVA de 1 via y test de Tukey (p > 0,05). Conclusiones los resultados sugieren que los AL, a corto plazo, afectarían la función muscular asociados a los cambios estructurales.

ABSTRACT Local anesthetics (LA) can cause undesired effects such as sustained contraction of skeletal muscles as a result of structural and functional changes. Proper skeletal muscle function is controlled by intracellular Ca2+ concentration and efficient energy (ATP) production, which is closely related to cell ultrastructure. Aim The aim of this study was to identify the structural and functional changes caused by LAs. Materials and Method Male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 250g were used (n:49). They were divided into seven groups. One group was not anesthetized or treated (Control). The other six groups underwent intramuscular (IM) anesthesia with xylazine 2% (0.05 ml) and ketamine 50 mg/ ml (0.1 ml/100g rat weight), and one of the following was applied to the masseter muscle (MM): no further treatment (Anesthetic Control group, CA); 0.1ml physiological saline solution (group SF); Carrageenin (group Carr) 1% as positive control group; prilocaine (group Pri), mepivacaine (group Mepi); or articaine (group Arti) 0.3M, IM. The animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation one hour after treatment. The effects of the different anesthetics on the MM were evaluated histologically and by electronic microscopy (EM). Ca-ATPase and membrane lipid peroxidation (LPX) were evaluated in muscle homogenates under the same conditions as those used to prepare the histological sections. Results In general, structural damage and increased muscle contraction were observed in tissues treated with anesthetics. The most extreme values of Ca-ATPase activity and LPX were observed in the positive control group (carrageenin). Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA for multiple comparisons and Tukey’s test (p > 0.05). Conclusions The results suggest that in the short term, local anesthetics affect the muscle function and are associated to structural changes.

Abstract Introduction: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD), defined as menstrual pain in the absence of an underlying pelvic pathology, is one of the most common gynecologic problems in reproductive-age women, affecting 10-15% of the these. Psychosocial stress in students constitutes a predisposing risk factor for presenting and exacerbating PD symptoms, due to somatization of the trigger event. Objective: Determine the prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea (PD) in Venezuelan university students, along with factors that influence its rise, particularly stress. Materials and Methods: Between February 2022 and June 2023, a cross-sectional and population study was carried out, in a sample of 608 female Venezuelan university students (n = 20 public/private universities). Results: 90.6% of the sample (n = 551) reported suffering from PD, being as disabling by 54.4% (n = 300) of the latter. 86.3% (n = 525) mentioned experiencing stress; 68.8% (n = 361; p < 0.0001) reported changes in their menstrual cycles, as well as alterations in their amount of menstrual flow, increased dysmenorrhea, and/or worsening of symptoms associated with menstrual period. Likewise, it was found that the younger the age of onset of PD, the more likely the patient is to present PD, with more intensity and more disabling pain, as well as a greater chance of having changes in their menstrual cycles. Conclusion: There has been a significant increase in the prevalence of PD in Venezuelan female university students, with stress constituting an important risk factor for this condition.

Resumen Introducción: La dismenorrea primaria (DP), definida como dolor menstrual en ausencia de una patología pélvica subyacente, es uno de los problemas ginecológicos más comunes en mujeres en edad reproductiva, afectando 10-15% de estas. El estrés psicosocial en estudiantes constituye un factor de riesgo predisponente para presentar y exacerbar síntomas de DP, debido a la somatización del evento desencadenante. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de dismenorrea primaria en estudiantes universitarias venezolanas, junto a los factores de riesgo que facilitan su aparición, particularmente el estrés. Material y Métodos: Entre febrero de 2022 y junio de 2023, se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal y poblacional en una muestra de 608 estudiantes universitarias venezolanas (n = 20 universidades públicas/privadas). Resultados: 90.6% de las encuestadas (n = 551) presentaron dismenorrea primaria, siendo discapacitante para el 54.4% (n = 300) de las mismas. 86.3% (n = 525) mencionaron presentar estrés; 68.8% (n = 361; p < 0.0001) reportaron cambios en su ciclo menstrual, alteraciones en la cantidad de flujo menstrual, incremento del dolor menstrual y/o exacerbación de los síntomas asociados a su período menstrual. Asimismo, se encontró que mientras más temprana es la edad de aparición de la dismenorrea primaria, hay mayor predisposición a padecer de un dolor menstrual más intenso y discapacitante, así como más cambios en los ciclos menstruales. Conclusión: Ha existido un aumento significativo de la prevalencia de dismenorrea primaria en las estudiantes universitarias venezolanas, con el estrés siendo un factor de riesgo importante para esta condición.

ABSTRACT This paper reports the presence of the common dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus, in Argentinian waters for the first time, with a specimen collected by experienced sport fishermen near Mar del Plata (38°S). This finding also represents the first record of a species from the Coryphaenidae family in Argentinian waters. The collection of these specimens coincided with sightings of other rarely-seen pelagic and oceanic fish species during the same period, providing further evidence supporting the influx of subtropical fish species from warmer Brazilian waters. These observations highlight the need for continued monitoring of fish populations and their distribution and the ecological dynamics within the region.

Resumen Introducción: Las investigaciones en salud mental de la población pediátrica en Colombia son escasas, aun cuando se han reportado impactos importantes relacionados con el COVID-19. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir y comparar las alteraciones en la salud mental en la población pediátrica diagnosticada con COVID-19 y sin este diagnóstico, en Caldas, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: El estudio se desarrolló en niños y niñas que fueron diagnosticados con COVID-19 desde marzo del año 2020 hasta marzo del año 2021. Para esto se aplicó el Reporting Questionnaire for Children (RQC) por medio de entrevistas telefónicas, de las cuales 89 fueron incluidas en la investigación. Resultados: En la muestra total se encontró que el síntoma más frecuente fue asustarse o ponerse nervioso sin razón (35 %), seguido de los problemas del lenguaje (30 %) y los problemas de sueño (29 %). Discusión: Aunque la mayoría de estudios afirma que la salud mental pediátrica se vio afectada durante la pandemia, pocas veces se relaciona con las implicaciones directas de la infección. El presente estudio señala que los niños diagnosticados con COVID-19 tuvieron mayores dificultades en su salud mental. Conclusiones: Tanto las medidas para evitar la propagación del COVID-19 como la enfermedad sistémica que causa el virus, afectaron negativamente la salud mental de la población pediátrica estudiada.

Abstract Background: Research on the impact of mental health from the pediatric population in Colombia is scarce, even though significant mental health impacts have been reported in this population with COVID-19. The point of this study was to describe and compare changes in mental health in the pediatric population diagnosed with COVID-19 and without this diagnosis, in Caldas, Colombia. Methods: The study was done in children who were diagnosed with Covid-19 from March 2020 to March 2021. For this, the Reporting Questionnaire for Children (RQC) was applied through phone interviews, of which 89 were included in the investigation. Results: In total, it was found that the most frequent symptom was being scared or nervous for no reason 35% followed by language problems 30% and sleep problems 29% Discussion: Although most studies mention that pediatric mental health was affected during the pandemic, it is rarely related to the direct implications of the infection. The present study indicates that children diagnosed with COVID-19 presented greater difficulties in their mental health. Conclusions: The Covid-19 pandemic, as well as the measures to prevent its spread and the systemic disease caused by the virus, negatively affected the mental health of the pediatric population studied.

RESUMEN El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del suero fetal bovino (FCS) agregado al medio de cultivo los días 5 a 7 después de la fertilización in vitro sobre la producción y posterior criotolerancia de blastocistos de vaquillonas criollas ecuatorianas. Se recolectaron complejos cúmulo-ovocitos (COCs) inmaduros mediante aspiración intravaginal guiada por ultrasonido (OPU) de 10 vaquillonas criollas y de ovarios de matadero en ocho sesiones. Los COCs se sometieron a maduración in vitro (MIV), fecundación (FIV) y cultivo (IVC). El día 1 después de la FIV, los presuntos embriones de cada fuente de ovocitos (OPU [O] y Matadero [A]) se asignaron aleatoriamente en dos grupos según si se añadió FCS al 2.5% (v/v) al medio de cultivo el día 5 después de la FIV: 1) O-FCS+, 2) O-FCS-, 3) A-FCS+ y 4) A-FCS-. El día 7 después de la FIV se vitrificaron embriones de alta calidad. La criotolerancia de los embriones vitrificados-calentados se evaluó según la reexpansión del blastocele a las 2 h y la posterior reexpansión y eclosión a las 24 y 48 h de incubación. La tasa de blastocistos el día 7 no difirió entre la fuente de ovocitos y el grupo FCS. Después del proceso de vitrificación/ calentamiento, la adición de FCS solo afectó la tasa de reexpansión a las 2 h, independientemente de la fuente de ovocitos (p<0.05). Asimismo, la tasa de eclosión de los blastocistos a las 48 h de incubación se vio drásticamente afectada únicamente en los ovocitos derivados de OPU (p<0.01). En conclusión, la suplementación de FCS el día 5 después de la FIV no mejoró la producción de blastocistos y afectó negativamente la criotolerancia de embriones bovinos in vitro derivados de vaquillonas criollas criadas en los Andes ecuatorianos.

ABSTRACT This experiment aimed to assess the effect of fetal calf serum (FCS) added to culture medium on day 5 to 7 after in vitro fertilization on production and subsequent cryotolerance of blastocysts from Ecuadorian Creole heifers. Immature cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected by ovum pick-up (OPU) from 10 Creole heifers and from ovaries collected at abattoir in eight collection sessions. COCs were subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization (IVF), and culture (IVC). On day 1 after IVF, presumptive embryos from each oocyte source (OPU [O] and Abattoir [A]) were allocated randomly in two groups according to whether 2.5% (v/v) FCS was added to culture medium on day 5 after IVF: 1) O-FCS+, 2) O-FCS-, 3) A-FCS+, and 4) A-FCS-. On day 7 after IVF, high quality embryos were vitrified. Cryotolerance of vitrified-warmed embryos was assessed according to blastocele re-expansion at 2 h and subsequent re-expansion and hatching at 24 and 48 h of re-incubation. Blastocysts rate on day 7 did not differ between oocyte source and FCS group. After vitrification/warming process, addition of FCS affected the re-expansion rate only at 2 h, irrespective of the oocyte source (p<0.05). Likewise, blastocysts hatching rate at 48 h of incubation was drastically affected only in OPU derived oocyte (p<0.01). Supplementation of FCS on day 5 after IVF did not improve blastocyst production and adversely affected the cryotolerance of in vitro bovine embryos derived from creole heifers raised on Ecuadorian Andean highlands.

Abstract Background A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials has suggested a bidirectional relationship between sleep problems and mental health issues. Despite these findings, there is limited conclusive evidence on the relationship between sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and burnout. Objective The current study aimed to evaluate the relationships between sleep quality symptoms, anxiety, depression, and burnout in samples of adult individuals from two Latin American countries, Peru and El Salvador, through network analysis and to identify key symptoms that reinforce the correlation and intensify the syndromes. Methods A total of 1012 individuals from El Salvador and Peru participated, with an average age of 26.5 years (SD = 9.1). Symptom networks were constructed for both countries based on data from the Jenkins Sleep Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-2, General Anxiety Disorder-2, and a single burnout item. Results The results indicated that Depressed Mood, Difficulty Falling Asleep, and Nervousness were the most central symptoms in a network in the participating countries. The strongest conditional associations were found between symptoms belonging to the same construct, which were similar in both countries. Thus, there is a relationship between Nervousness and Uncontrollable Worry, Anhedonia and Depressed Mood, and Nighttime Awakenings and Difficulty in Staying Asleep. It was observed that burnout is a bridge symptom between both countries and presents stronger conditional associations with Tiredness on Awakening, Depressed Mood, and Uncontrollable Worry. Other bridge symptoms include a Depressed Mood and Nervousness. The network structure did not differ between the participants from Peru and El Salvador. Conclusion The networks formed by sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and burnout symptoms play a prominent role in the comorbidity of mental health problems among the general populations of Peru and El Salvador. The symptombased analytical approach highlights the different diagnostic weights of these symptoms. Treatments or interventions should focus on identifying central and bridge symptoms.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to obtain the sorption isotherms of grain sorghum flour, fit mathematical models to experimental data, and recommend safe water levels for preserving the material at different temperatures. Sorghum grains with an initial moisture content of 34% dry basis (db) were subjected to drying at a temperature of 60 °C, reaching moisture contents ranging from 32.20 to 9.8% db. Water activity was obtained using Hygropalm Aw1 equipment placed inside a BOD chamber at temperatures of 10, 20, 30, and 40 °C. The experimental data were fitted to mathematical models frequently used to predict the isotherms of plant products. The modified Oswin model presented the best fit to estimate the sorption isotherms of sorghum flour. Safe moisture content limits for storing sorghum flour are 18.45, 17.3, 16.08, and 15.2% db for temperatures of 10, 20, 30, and 40 °C, respectively. The isosteric heat for the range of equilibrium moisture contents from 9.80 to 32.20% db varied from 2779.49 to 2498.46 kJ kg−1.