Abstract Benzothiazole compounds are known as an important bicyclic ring system with multiple applications. These compounds have a wide range of biological activities, including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. In this study, benzothiazole compounds were synthesized and their various biological activities were examined. The synthesized benzothiazoles were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties against various bacterial and fungal strains. The compound 6e is most active ligand in the series against bacteria and fungi as compared to standard antibiotics. Especially, this compound significant effect against Staphylococcus aureus (32.00 ± 1.73 mm). These compounds exhibited potent anticancer activity against gastrointestinal cancer cells, demonstrating their potential as therapeutic agents. The lowest antiproliferative response after administration of the compounds was observed in HCT116 cells, while the most effective antiproliferative response was observed in AGS cells (> 10 µg/mL). In all cell lines, 40 and 100 µg/mL application values of the selected compounds showed significant increases in the expression of caspase-3, 8 and 9. We also utilized a computational docking approach to investigate the interaction of these benzothiazoles with VEGFR-2 kinase. Our docking studies showed that compounds 6a and 6d may be promising therapeutic agents against gastrointestinal system cancers due to their ability to bind to VEGFR-2 kinase. applications antiinflammatory anti inflammatory study examined strains e antibiotics Especially 32.00 3200 32 00 (32.0 173 1 73 1.7 mm. mm . mm) HCT HCT11 > ( µg/mL. µgmL µg mL µg/mL) lines 4 caspase3, caspase3 caspase 3, 3 caspase-3 9 VEGFR2 VEGFR 2 VEGFR- kinase d 32.0 320 0 (32. 17 7 1. HCT1 caspase- 32. (32 (3

Abstract: In this study, the antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor activity of ethanol extracts obtained from Phlomis russeliana (Sims.) Lag. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) were evaluated. Disc diffusion and microdilution methods were used to test the extracts for antimicrobial activity against seven bacteria strains (Bacillus cereusATCC 7064, Bacillus subtilisATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureusATCC 6538P, Escherichia coliATCC 10538, Proteus vulgarisATCC 6899, Salmonella typhimuriumCCM 5445 and Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853) and four yeast strains (Kluyveromyces fragilisATCC 8608, Rhodotorula rubraATCC 70403, Debaryomyces hanseniiDSM 70238 and Candida albicansATCC 10239). Notably, they were more effective against the yeast strains than the bacterial strains. Of the yeast cultures, D. hanseii was among the most susceptible, having an inhibition zone of 16.2 mm with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of 64(128)µg/ml, respectively. For cytotoxic determination, Caco-2 cells were cultured as per ATCC protocol, and were treated with log concentrations (5–80 mg/ml) of P. russeliana. The potency of cell growth inhibition for each extract was expressed as an IC50 value. Moreover, oxidant capacity was evaluated via TOC assay. This product induced antiproliferative activity of 31.33% at 40 mg/ml and 20.96% at 80 mg/ml, without toxic effects on cells, although the oxidant capacity was decreased to 27.06 ± 0.7 nm in the 80 mg/ml-applied group compared to 47.9 ± 1.8 nm in the untreated one. Advanced pharmacological studies are needed to further evaluate P. russeliana for distinctive features.