Abstract The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the potential of different fluoridated varnishes to inhibit the progression of incipient caries lesions after cariogenic challenge. Seventy-five enamel specimens of bovine teeth were prepared and selected based on the initial surface microhardness (SMH). The specimens were first subjected to artificial demineralization (in buffer solution) after which SMH was re-analyzed (SM1). They were then randomly assigned to five experimental groups: 1- CONTROL (pH cycling), 2 - MI VAR (MI Varnish with RECALDENTTM - CPP-ACP), 3 - PROFL (Profluorid®), 4 - CLIN (ClinproTM White Varnish with TCP), and 5 - DUR (Duraphat®) (n=15). The varnishes were applied in a thin layer and the specimens were then subjected to pH cycling for eight days. The SMH and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) were then analyzed (SM2). The fluoride and calcium ion concentrations in the solution were analyzed by the indirect method and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed by Student’s t-test, ANOVA/Tukey-Kramer, or Kruskall-Wallis/Dunn tests for individual comparisons (p˂0.05). All varnishes led to significantly higher surface and subsurface remineralization compared with the control group but did not differ from each other. The varnishes with the highest fluoride release were: PROFL and CLIN, followed by MI VAR and DUR. The varnishes with significantly higher release of calcium were: DUR, CLIN, and PROFL. In conclusion, all commercial fluoridated varnishes tested have good potential to inhibit the progression of demineralization, regardless of the ion release mechanisms. challenge Seventyfive Seventy SMH. . (SMH) reanalyzed re SM1. SM1 SM (SM1) groups 1 cycling, , cycling) CPPACP, CPPACP CPP ACP CPP-ACP) Profluorid®, Profluorid Profluorid® (Profluorid®) ClinproTM TCP, TCP TCP) Duraphat® Duraphat (Duraphat® n=15. n15 n n=15 15 (n=15) days crosssectional cross sectional CSMH (CSMH SM2. SM2 (SM2) spectrophotometry respectively Students Student s ttest, ttest t test, test t-test ANOVA/TukeyKramer, ANOVATukeyKramer ANOVA/Tukey Kramer, ANOVA Tukey Kramer ANOVA/Tukey-Kramer KruskallWallis/Dunn KruskallWallisDunn Kruskall Wallis/Dunn Wallis Dunn p˂0.05. p005 p p˂0.05 0 05 (p˂0.05) other conclusion mechanisms (SMH (SM1 CPP-ACP (Profluorid® (Duraphat n1 n=1 (n=15 (SM2 TukeyKramer ANOVA/TukeyKramer ANOVATukey KruskallWallis WallisDunn p00 p˂0.0 (p˂0.05 (SM (Profluorid n= (n=1 p0 p˂0. (p˂0.0 (n= p˂0 (p˂0. (n p˂ (p˂0 (p˂ (p

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar o potencial de diferentes vernizes fluoretados em inibir a progressão de lesões de cárie incipientes. Setenta e cinco espécimes de esmalte de dentes bovinos foram preparados e selecionados com base na microdureza superficial inicial (MDS/SM). Os espécimes foram submetidos à desmineralização artificial (em solução de Buskes), sendo então a MDS (SM1) reanalisada. Foram então distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco grupos experimentais: 1- CONTROLE (pH cycling), 2 - MI VAR (MI Varnish with RECALDENTTM - CPP-ACP), 3 - PROFL (Profluorid®), 4 - CLIN (ClinproTM White Varnish with TCP), and 5 - DUR (Duraphat®). Os vernizes foram aplicados em camada fina e os espécimes foram então submetidos à ciclagem de pH por oito dias. A MDS final (SM2) e a microdureza transversal (CSMH) foram então analisadas. As concentrações de flúor e íons cálcio em solução foram analisadas pelo método indireto e espectrofotometria de absorção atômica, respectivamente. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste T de Student, ANOVA/Tukey-Kramer ou testes de Kruskall-Wallis/Dunn para comparações individuais (p˂0,05). Todos os vernizes levaram a uma remineralização superficial e subsuperficial significativamente maior em comparação com o grupo controle, não diferindo significativamente entre si. Os vernizes com maior liberação de flúor foram: PROFL e CLIN, seguidos de MI VAR e DUR. Os vernizes com liberação significativamente maior de cálcio foram: DUR, CLIN e PROFL. Pôde-se concluir que todos os vernizes fluoretados comerciais testados apresentam bom potencial de inibição da progressão da desmineralização, independentemente dos mecanismos de liberação de íons. incipientes MDS/SM. MDSSM MDS/SM . SM (MDS/SM) Buskes, Buskes , Buskes) SM1 (SM1 reanalisada experimentais 1 cycling, cycling cycling) CPPACP, CPPACP CPP ACP CPP-ACP) Profluorid®, Profluorid Profluorid® (Profluorid®) ClinproTM TCP, TCP TCP) Duraphat®. Duraphat Duraphat® (Duraphat®) dias SM2 (SM2 CSMH (CSMH atômica respectivamente Student ANOVA/TukeyKramer ANOVATukeyKramer ANOVA/Tukey Kramer ANOVA Tukey KruskallWallis/Dunn KruskallWallisDunn Kruskall Wallis/Dunn Wallis Dunn p˂0,05. p005 p p˂0,05 0 05 (p˂0,05) controle si Pôdese Pôde se (MDS/SM (SM CPP-ACP (Profluorid® (Duraphat® TukeyKramer ANOVATukey KruskallWallis WallisDunn p00 p˂0,0 (p˂0,05 (Profluorid (Duraphat p0 p˂0, (p˂0,0 p˂0 (p˂0, p˂ (p˂0 (p˂ (p

Abstract The aims of this study were to 1) assess the association between erosive tooth wear (ETW) according to the BEWE (Basic Erosive Wear Examination) scoring system and salivary parameters and 2) compare salivary parameters according to ETW severity in the subgroup of children with ETW. This cross-sectional study included 52 preschool children aged 5 years paired by sex. A calibrated examiner assessed ETW using BEWE criteria, and stimulated saliva was collected to determine salivary flow, osmolality, pH, and buffering capacity. The children were divided into two groups: without ETW (n=26; BEWE score 0) and with ETW (n=26; BEWE scores 1 and 2). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the magnitude of the association between ETW and salivary parameters and estimates of odds ratios (OR). In the unadjusted analysis, the ETW group was more likely to have lower salivary flow (OR = 0.079; 95%CI = 0.013–0.469; p = 0.005) and lower osmolality (OR = 0.993; 95%CI = 0.985–1.000; p = 0.049). In the adjusted analysis, salivary flow remained significantly associated with ETW (OR = 0.087; 95%CI = 0.014–0.533; p = 0.008). Lower salivary osmolality values were observed in ETW, especially in preschool children with more severe ETW (BEWE score 2). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) determined a salivary osmolality cutoff point of < 201 for the presence of ETW. In conclusion, salivary flow rate was significantly associated with ETW prevalence. Lower values of salivary osmolality were observed in preschool children with distinct erosive lesions with significant loss of tooth structure (BEWE 2). (ETW Basic Examination 2 crosssectional cross sectional sex criteria pH capacity groups n=26 n26 n 26 (n=26 0 2. . OR. OR (OR) 0.079 0079 079 95CI CI 95 0.013–0.469 00130469 013 469 0.005 0005 005 0.993 0993 993 0.985–1.000 09851000 985 000 0.049. 0049 0.049 049 0.049) 0.087 0087 087 0.014–0.533 00140533 014 533 0.008. 0008 0.008 008 0.008) ROC (ROC 20 conclusion prevalence n=2 n2 (n=2 0.07 007 07 9 0.013–0.46 0013046 01 46 0.00 00 0.99 099 99 0.985–1.00 0985100 98 004 0.04 04 0.08 08 0.014–0.53 0014053 53 n= (n= 0.0 0.013–0.4 001304 4 0.9 09 0.985–1.0 098510 0.014–0.5 001405 (n 0. 0.013–0. 00130 0.985–1. 09851 0.014–0. 00140 0.013–0 0013 0.985–1 0985 0.014–0 0014 0.013– 001 0.985– 098 0.014– 0.013 0.985 0.014 0.01 0.98

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of xylitol varnishes in the inhibition of enamel demineralization in vitro. Material and Methods: Bovine enamel blocks (n=120) were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 30), and the surface hardness (SH) was measured at baseline. The blocks were treated with the following varnishes: 20% xylitol, 20% xylitol plus F (5% NaF), Duraphat™ (5% NaF, positive control), and placebo (no-F/xylitol, negative control). The varnishes were applied and removed after 6 h of immersion in artificial saliva. The blocks were subjected to pH cycles (demineralization and remineralization for 2 and 22h/day, respectively, for 8 days). Surface and cross-sectional hardnesses were measured to calculate the percentage of SH loss (%SHL) and the integrated loss of the subsurface hardness (ΔKHN). Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey’s tests (p<0.05). Results: %SHL was significantly decreased by 20% xylitol plus F, Duraphat™, and 20% xylitol varnishes compared to placebo. The use of 20% xylitol plus F varnish led to a significantly lower percentage of SH loss compared to the use of 20% xylitol varnish without F. However, the experimental and commercial varnishes led to significantly lower subsurface demineralization compared to placebo and did not differ from each other. Conclusion: Xylitol varnishes, especially when combined with F, effectively prevent enamel demineralization.

RESUMO A síndrome Shprintzen-Goldberg é uma entidade muito rara descrita em 75 pessoas, caracterizada por craniossinostose e habitus marfanóide. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o relato de um caso clínico de uma criança brasileira de 6 anos com síndrome da craniossinostose de Shprintzen-Goldberg, apresentando as características craniofaciais e orais e seu manejo clínico, comparando com a literatura. O paciente apresentava deficiência intelectual, craniossinostose, proptose ocular, orelhas anômalas de implantação baixa e outros defeitos esqueléticos e do tecido conjuntivo. As características orais incluíram má oclusão, micrognatia, pseudo fenda palatina, atividade de cárie e controle ineficiente do biofilme. O tratamento foi iniciado com orientações sobre alimentos cariogênicos, higiene oral e indicação de suspensão do uso de mamadeira. Em seguida, as lesões cariosas foram restauradas com resina composta e o paciente encaminhado para cirurgia ortopédica, tratamento ortodôntico, fonoaudiologia e nutricionista. O paciente foi acompanhado periodicamente por 5 anos. Este relato de caso enfatiza a importância do conhecimento das características craniofaciais e orais para o diagnóstico e manejo clínico de uma criança do sexo feminino com síndrome de craniossinostose de Shprintzen-Goldberg rara, destacando a necessidade de cuidados com a saúde bucal em indivíduos com deficiência intelectual.

ABSTRACT Shprintzen-Goldberg craniosynostosis syndrome, characterized by craniosynostosis and marfanoid habitus, is a very rare entity described in 75 individuals worldwide. This study aimed to present a case report of a 6-year-old female Brazilian child with Shprintzen-Goldberg’s craniosynostosis syndrome. We described the craniofacial and oral characteristics and its clinical management, comparing to the existing literature. The patient presented with intellectual disability, craniosynostosis, ocular proptosis, low-set anomalous ears, and other skeletal and connective tissue defects. Oral features included malocclusion, micrognathia, pseudo-cleft palate, dental caries, and inefficient biofilm control. The treatment started with guidance on cariogenic foods, oral hygiene, and an indication to discontinue bottle feeding. Subsequently, the carious lesions were restored with composite resins, and the patient was referred for orthopedic surgery, orthodontic treatment, speech therapy, and nutritional counseling. The patient was followed for 5 years. This case report emphasizes the importance of knowing the craniofacial and oral characteristics for the diagnosis and clinical management of a female child with a rare Shprintzen-Goldberg’s craniosynostosis syndrome. The case also highlights the need for oral health care in individuals with intellectual disabilities.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between oral health problems and being ashamed of smiling or speaking among Brazilian adolescents. Material and Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study carried out with secondary data from 7,328 12-year-old Brazilian adolescents from the latest Brazilian national oral health survey (SB Brasil 2010). The question “In the previous 6 months, have you been ashamed of smiling or speaking due to your teeth?” was the outcome variable. Calibrated examiners performed clinical examinations on adolescents for the diagnosis of dental caries (DMF-T), dental trauma, dental fluorosis and occlusal alterations. Data were analyzed descriptively and by Poisson unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression analysis (p<0.05). The final model was controlled by family income. Results: The prevalence of being ashamed of smiling or speaking was 13.6%. The following variables were associated with the outcome: female sex (PR= 1.33; 95% CI: 1.17-1.53), cavitated dental caries on upper incisors (PR= 1.81; 95% CI: 1.51-2.15), dental trauma (PR= 1.36; 95% CI:1.16-1.60), increased maxillary overjet (PR= 1.36; 95% CI:1.18-1.57), dental crowding (PR= 1.60; 95% CI:1.40-1.83), midline diastema (PR= 1.30; 95% CI:1.11-1.44), tooth loss (PR= 1.45; 95% CI:1.16-1.80), mild/questionable dental fluorosis (PR= 1.23; 95% CI:1.06-1.44) and moderate/severe dental fluorosis (PR= 1.67; 95% CI:1.15-2.44). Conclusion: Oral health problems that impact dental aesthetics were predisposing factors for being ashamed of smiling or speaking in Brazilian adolescents. Objective Methods populationbased population based crosssectional cross sectional 7328 7 328 7,32 12yearold yearold 12 year old SB 2010. 2010 . 2010) In months teeth teeth? variable DMFT, DMFT DMF T , (DMF-T) alterations p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) income Results 136 13 13.6% PR= PR (PR 1.33 133 1 33 95 CI 1.171.53, 117153 1.17 1.53 17 53 1.17-1.53) 1.81 181 81 1.512.15, 151215 1.51 2.15 51 2 15 1.51-2.15) 1.36 36 CI1.161.60, CI116160 1.16 1.60 16 60 CI:1.16-1.60) CI1.181.57, CI118157 1.18 1.57 18 57 CI:1.18-1.57) 160 CI1.401.83, CI140183 1.40 1.83 40 83 CI:1.40-1.83) 1.30 130 30 CI1.111.44, CI111144 1.11 1.44 11 44 CI:1.11-1.44) 1.45 145 45 CI1.161.80, CI116180 1.80 80 CI:1.16-1.80) mildquestionable mild questionable 1.23 123 23 CI1.061.44 CI106144 1.06 06 CI:1.06-1.44 moderatesevere moderate severe 1.67 167 67 CI1.152.44. CI115244 1.15 2.44 CI:1.15-2.44) Conclusion 732 32 7,3 201 (DMF-T p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 13.6 1.3 3 9 171 1.171.53 11715 117 1.1 153 1.5 5 1.17-1.53 1.8 8 512 1.512.15 15121 151 215 2.1 1.51-2.15 CI1 161 CI1.161.60 CI11616 116 1.6 CI:1.16-1.60 CI1.181.57 CI11815 118 157 CI:1.18-1.57 401 CI1.401.83 CI14018 140 1.4 183 4 CI:1.40-1.83 111 CI1.111.44 CI11114 144 CI:1.11-1.44 14 CI1.161.80 CI11618 180 CI:1.16-1.80 1.2 061 CI1.061.4 CI10614 106 1.0 CI:1.06-1.4 152 CI1.152.44 CI11524 115 244 2.4 CI:1.15-2.44 73 7, 20 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 13. 1. 1.171.5 1171 1.17-1.5 1.512.1 1512 21 2. 1.51-2.1 CI1.161.6 CI1161 CI:1.16-1.6 CI1.181.5 CI1181 CI:1.18-1.5 CI1.401.8 CI1401 CI:1.40-1.8 CI1.111.4 CI1111 CI:1.11-1.4 CI1.161.8 CI:1.16-1.8 CI1.061. CI1061 10 CI:1.06-1. CI1.152.4 CI1152 24 CI:1.15-2.4 p<0 (p<0. 1.171. 1.17-1. 1.512. 1.51-2. CI1.161. CI116 CI:1.16-1. CI1.181. CI118 CI:1.18-1. CI1.401. CI140 CI:1.40-1. CI1.111. CI111 CI:1.11-1. CI1.061 CI106 CI:1.06-1 CI1.152. CI115 CI:1.15-2. p< (p<0 1.171 1.17-1 1.512 1.51-2 CI1.161 CI11 CI:1.16-1 CI1.181 CI:1.18-1 CI1.401 CI14 CI:1.40-1 CI1.111 CI:1.11-1 CI1.06 CI10 CI:1.06- CI1.152 CI:1.15-2 (p< 1.17- 1.51- CI1.16 CI:1.16- CI1.18 CI:1.18- CI1.40 CI:1.40- CI1.11 CI:1.11- CI1.0 CI:1.06 CI1.15 CI:1.15- (p CI1.1 CI:1.16 CI:1.18 CI1.4 CI:1.40 CI:1.11 CI1. CI:1.0 CI:1.15 CI:1.1 CI:1.4 CI:1. CI:1

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the initial mechanical stabilization of conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) indicated for the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) in different storage periods. Material and Methods: Specimens were divided according to the GIC (n=12): IZ - Ion-Z, KM - Ketac Molar Easymix, RS - Riva Self Cure, and GL - Gold Label 9. They were prepared and stored in distilled water. Superficial microhardness (SMH) was evaluated (KHN) in three phases: (A) after 1, (B) 3, and (C) 7 days of storage. Data were submitted to 2-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 5%). Results: The average KHN values for phases A, B, and C were, respectively, 33.05 ± 9.74; 33.21 ± 10.31 and 52.07 ± 11.75 (IZ); 50.35 ± 11.39; 66.05 ± 10.48 and 67.77 ± 13.80 (KM); 89.63 ± 15.59; 71.31 ± 23.86 and 57.70 ± 16.89 (RS); 42.18 ± 9.03; 68.54 ± 6.83 and 57.95 ± 8.24 (GL). Significant differences were observed: GIC, time, and interaction of both (p<0.05). KHN values differed between the groups, except in the GIC parameter for KM and GL. The time parameter values of phase A were lower than those of B and C, except for IZ and RS. Conclusion: The initial mechanical stabilization differed between the types of GIC tested and the storage time, and after the final period, all had similar SMH.

Abstract Obesity is considered a risk factor for periodontal health due to the low- grade inflammation promoted by the increased adipose tissue. Objective: This study aimed to determine correlations and associations between gingival inflammation (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, and Gingival Index), salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA), and salivary parameters (salivary flow and osmolality) in normal-weight and overweight/obese children. Material and Methods: Ninety-one children, aged 6 to 12 years old (8.6±1.9 years), were divided into two groups according to their body mass index (BMI), circumferences, skinfold measurements and body fat percentage: normal- weight group (NWG; n =50) and overweight/obese group (OG; n =41). A calibrated examiner performed the clinical examination using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, Gingival Index, and salivary collection. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and association tests ( p <0.05). Results: OG presented statistically higher s-IgA values compared with NWG, especially among the obese children ( p <0.05). Significant positive correlations between s-IgA and salivary osmolality in OG ( p <0.05), and between s-IgA and BMI values ( p <0.05) and body fat percentage ( p <0.05) were observed among all the children. Effect size varied from moderate for s-IgA values ( d =0.57) to large for BMI ( d =2.60). Conclusion: Gingival inflammation and salivary parameters were similar for NWG and OG; however, s-IgA presented higher values in OG, with correlations between BMI and body fat percentage.

Abstract Objective: To identify the social representations of children in relation to the image of the dentist. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with quantitative-qualitative approach. The sample consisted of 80 children of both sexes aged 7-10 years attended at a clinic-school of a university in eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil. For data collection, the Test of Free Words Association (TALP) was used, with the word "dentist" as its inducing theme. The four items included in the research instrument were: 1) evoke up to five words or expressions related to the dentist; 2) to order each of them numerically, with number one being the most important and number five being the least important; 3) to conceptualize the one elected as number one; and 4) to justify the reason for that choice. The EVOC software was used to carry out quantitative analyses and the Analysis of Content of Bardin for qualitative analyses. Results: The words that composed the central nucleus of social representations were "tooth", "pain", "brushing" and "treats". This grouping of ideas points to the following conceptual formulation: "The dentist is someone who 'brushes' and 'treats' teeth, but sometimes performs procedures that cause 'pain’. The categories abstracted from participants' discourse were "oral health", "personal characteristics of the dentist" and "child-dentist interaction". Conclusion: Children presented predominantly positive image regarding the dentist.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a necessidade normativa de tratamento ortodôntico e a percepção dessa necessidade entre alunos de 11-14 anos de idade. Métodos: realizou-se um estudo transversal com uma amostra de 346 alunos selecionados aleatoriamente de escolas públicas e privadas. O Índice de Estética Dental (DAI) foi utilizado para avaliar a necessidade normativa de tratamento ortodôntico (NNTO). A percepção da necessidade de tratamento entre os estudantes foi avaliada por meio de um questionário previamente validado. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson (α = 5%). Resultados: a prevalência de má oclusão e NNTO foi de 65,6%. Da amostra, 73,7% relataram que precisavam de tratamento, 66,2% queriam tratamento ortodôntico e 62,7% estavam satisfeitos com sua estética dentária. Observou-se associação estatisticamente significativa entre o NNTO e a percepção da necessidade de tratamento entre os alunos (p < 0,001). Conclusão: o presente estudo demonstrou alta prevalência de má oclusão, o que se refletiu na alta necessidade normativa de tratamento ortodôntico. A opinião dos pacientes sobre suas expectativas de tratamento ortodôntico deve ser valorizada. Os alunos perceberam a necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the normative need for orthodontic treatment and the perception of such need among students aged 11-14 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 346 students, randomly selected from public and private schools. The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used to evaluate the normative need for orthodontic treatment (NNOT). The perceived need for treatment among students was assessed by a previously validated questionnaire. Data was analyzed by Pearson’s Chi-squared test (α = 5%). Results: The prevalence of malocclusion and NNOT was 65.6%. Of the sample, 73.7% felt they needed treatment, 66.2% wanted orthodontic treatment and 62.7% were satisfied with their dental aesthetics. A statistically significant association was observed between NNOT and the perception of the need for treatment among the students (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated a high prevalence of malocclusion, which was reflected in the high normative need for orthodontic treatment. The opinion of patients regarding their expectations of orthodontic treatment should be valued. The students perceived a need for orthodontic treatment.

Resumo Introdução Os métodos de descontaminação ou desinfecção de escovas dentais têm sido questionados. Objetivo Este estudo avaliou a eficácia da infusão de cascas de romã como um desinfetante de escovas dentais contra Streptococcus mutans. Material e método Uma amostra de 16 escolares com idade entre 7 e 9 anos realizou escovação dentária cuidadosa, uma vez ao dia por 5 dias/semana durante 4 semanas. Após cada dia de escovação, as escovas foram lavadas e pulverizadas com uma solução desinfetante. Este procedimento foi repetido por 4 semanas utilizando uma das diferentes soluções por semana: água destilada (G1; grupo controle), infusão de casca de romã (Punica granatum Linn) (G2), hipoclorito de sódio a 1% (G3) e digluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% (G4). Após o quinto dia, as escovas foram coletadas para análise laboratorial. As cabeças das escovas foram agitadas em solução salina diluída em 10–1, 10–2,10–3, e 25μL de cada diluição foi semeada em meio de cultura agar mitis salivarius para contagem de unidade formadora de colônias (UFC) de S. mutans. Um examinador calibrado (Kappa = 0,91) realizou a contagem de UFC mL–1 × 104. Os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Comparações Múltiplas de Dunn foram usados em um nível de significância de 5%. Resultado G1 apresentou o maior número de UFC (3,9 ± 8,4), seguido de G2 (3,2 ± 4,0). Não foi observado crescimento de S. mutans em G3 e G4. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre G1 e G2 e entre G3 e G4 (p>0,05). Conclusão A infusão de romã foi completamente ineficaz para a desinfecção de escovas dentais contra S. mutans quando comparada às soluções de hipoclorito de sódio a 1% e digluconato de clorexidina a 0,12%.

Abstract Introduction Methods of decontamination or sanitization of toothbrushes have been questioned. Objective This study assessed the effectiveness of pomegranate peels infusion as a disinfectant of toothbrushes against Streptococcus mutans. Material and method A sample of 16 schoolchildren aged between 7 and 9 years performed brushing 5 days/week, with a careful brushing once a day. After each day of brushing, the toothbrushes were washed and sprayed with one disinfectant solution. This procedure was repeated for 4 weeks using one of the different solutions per week: distilled water (G1; negative control), pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn) peels infusion (G2), 1% sodium hypochlorite (G3) and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (G4). After the fifth day, toothbrushes were collected for laboratory analysis. Toothbrushes heads were subjected to agitation in saline dilution of 10–1, 10–2,10–3, and 25 μL of each dilution were seeded in mitis salivarius agar culture medium for S. mutans colony-forming unit (CFU) counting. One calibrated examiner (Kappa = 0.91) performed the CFU (mL–1 × 104) counts. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn Multiple Comparison tests were used at a significance level of 5%. Result G1 presented the highest number of CFU (3.9 ± 8.4), followed by G2 (3.2 ± 4.0). No S. mutans growth was observed in G3 and G4. There was no statistically significant difference between G1 and G2 and between G3 and G4 (p>0.05). Conclusion Pomegranate infusion was completely ineffective for the disinfection of toothbrushes against S. mutans when compared with 1% sodium hypochlorite and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate solutions.

Resumo Introdução Critérios clínicos vêm sendo utilizados para determinação da presença de tecido cariado remanescente, mas geram dúvidas, tornando-se relevante a utilização de métodos que auxiliem na determinação da presença de cárie dentária remanescente. Objetivo Avaliar in vitro a eficácia de métodos de indução de fluorescência no diagnóstico da remoção de tecido cariado artificial dentinário. Material e método O esmalte oclusal de 94 terceiros molares humanos hígidos foi removido, expondo a dentina subjacente, para indução microbiológica de lesão de cárie artificial. Após a remoção do tecido cariado induzido, o remanescente dentinário foi avaliado por dois examinadores com DIAGNOdent, DIAGNOdent pen e Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence (QLF). Após todas as avaliações, secções dos dentes foram observadas e fotografadas em lupa estereoscópica com 30× de aumento por um examinador independente. As imagens foram analisadas no software Image J, permitindo a quantificação de tecido remanescente em milímetros quadrados. Foi calculada a reprodutibilidade interexaminador através de coeficiente intraclasse, sensibilidade, especificidade e área sob a curva ROC, e o teste de McNemar (p<0,05) foi aplicado para comparação dos diferentes métodos. Resultado Dos 94 dentes, 51 (54,2%) apresentaram remanescente de tecido cariado. Os valores de sensibilidade, especificidade e área sobre a curva ROC foram semelhantes para os três grupos (p>0,05). Os valores de reprodutibilidade variaram entre 0,952 e 0,978. Conclusão Dentre os métodos utilizados, o DIAGNOdent e o DIAGNOdent pen apresentaram melhor desempenho na avaliação da presença de cárie artificial remanescente quando comparados ao QLF.

Abstract Introduction Clinical criteria have been used for the determination of the presence of residual caries, however in a subjective manner. Then the use of auxiliary methods that assist in determination of the remaining presence of caries can be considered for this purpose. Objective Evaluate the in “in vitro” efficacy fluorescence induction methods in the diagnosis of removing artificial dentinal caries. Material and method Ninety-four thirds sound human molars without occlusal enamel were used for microbiological artificial caries lesion induction. The decayed tissue was removed and the remaining dentin evaluated by two examiners with DIAGNOdent, DIAGNOdent pen and Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence - QLF. After all assessments, sections of the specimens were observed and photographed in stereoscopic lens with 30× increase by an independent examiner. These images were analyzed with Image J software, allowing quantitation of remaining caries tissue in mm2. The inter-examiner reliability, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve was calculated and the McNemar test (p<0.05) was used to compare the different among methods. Result Of the 94 teeth, 51 (54.2%) had residual caries. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve were similar for the three methods (p>0.05). The inter-examiner agreement ranged between 0.952 and 0.978. Conclusion Among the methods used, the DIAGNOdent, DIAGNOdent pen showed better performance in residual caries detection after dentin caries removal when compared to QLF.

A atividade sexual na adolescência pode levar a uma gravidez indesejável que por sua vez pode trazer sérias complicações maternais e fetais. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as complicações relacionadas à gravidez na adolescência, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, utilizando como descritores do Medical Subject Headings: “pregnancy complication” AND “adolescent”OR “pregnancy in adolescence”. Foram considerados os artigos originais completos em inglês ou português, na íntegra, que apresentassem descrição clara da metodologia. Não foram incluídos estudos qualitativos, revisões ou metanálises, editoriais, série de casos e relatos de caso. A amostra foi constituída por 15 publicações, sendo 10 com delineamento transversal e 5 com delineamento coorte. A prevalência geral de gestação na adolescência foi de 10% e, entre os trabalhos nacionais, de 26%. A prevalência de parto cesárea foi menor que a descrita na população geral. As principais complicações maternas e neonatais de mães adolescentes foram doença hipertensiva específica da gestação, prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer respectivamente. A gestação na adolescência se relacionou a maior frequência de complicações neonatais e maternas e à menor prevalência de parto cesariana.

Sexual activity during adolescence can lead to unwanted pregnancy, which in turn can result in serious maternal and fetal complications. The present study aimed to evaluate the complications related to adolescent pregnancy, through a systematic review using the Medical Subject Headings: “pregnancy complication” AND “adolescent” OR “pregnancy in adolescence”. Only full original articles in English or Portuguese with a clearly described methodology, were included. No qualitative studies, reviews or meta-analyses, editorials, case series, or case reports were included. The sample consisted of 15 articles; in that 10 were cross-sectional and 5 were cohort studies. The overall prevalence of adolescent pregnancy was 10%, and among the Brazilian studies, the adolescent pregnancy rate was 26%. The cesarean delivery rate was lower than that reported in the general population. The main maternal and neonatal complications were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, prematurity and low birth weight, respectively. Adolescent pregnancy is related to increased frequency of neonatal and maternal complications and lower prevalence of cesarean delivery.

Introdução Os cimentos de ionômero de vidro (CIV) são materiais com baixa resistência à tração e ao cisalhamento, mostrando-se, portanto, contraindicados para áreas sujeitas às grandes cargas oclusais. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito da incorporação de nanotubos de carbono em CIV por meio de dureza superficial Knoop. Material e método Foram confeccionados 48 espécimes, divididos em quatro grupos, de acordo com o tipo de CIV (n=12) – convencional ou de alta viscosidade, incorporados ou não de nanotubos de carbono (NC) a 2%: (A) Vidrion R; (B) Vidrion R + NC 2%; (C) Vitro Molar, e (D) Vitro Molar + NC 2%. Os espécimes foram preparados utilizando-se seringa Centrix, para inserção do material em moldes plásticos, e armazenados em água deionizada por 24 horas. Após polimento, realizou-se o teste de dureza superficial com penetrador do tipo Knoop. Foram realizadas cinco endentações em cada espécime, distanciadas entre si em 100 µm. Resultado Os valores médios de dureza foram 58,96 ± 8,29 (A), 34,81 ± 5,78 (B), 60,84 ± 4,91 (C) e 41,97 ± 5,45 (D). O teste ANOVA detectou diferenças estatisticamente significantes para os dois parâmetros estudados, tipo de material (p=0,016) e inclusão de NC (p<0,0001). Pelo teste de Tukey, observou-se que os grupos A e C foram estatisticamente semelhantes (p>0,05), enquanto os grupos B e D apresentaram diferenças significativas (p<0,05). Ao comparar o fator incorporação ou não de NC, observou-se diferença significativa entre os grupos A e B, e entre os grupos C e D (p<0,05). Conclusão A incorporação de nanotubos de carbono influenciou negativamente os valores de dureza superficial para os dois tipos de CIV utilizados.

Introduction Glass ionomer cements (GIC) are materials with low tensile and shear bond strength and therefore contraindicated in areas subjected to high occlusal stress loads. Aim To evaluate the effect of incorporation of carbon nanotubes in GICs, conventional or indicated for the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART), through the superficial microhardness test. Material and method Forty-eight specimens were prepared and divided into 4 groups according to the type of GIC (n=12): conventional or high viscosity, embedded or not with 2% carbon nanotubes (CN): (A) Vidrion R, (B) Vidrion R + 2% CN, (C) Vitro Molar and (D) Vitro Molar + 2% CN. The specimens were inserted into plastic molds with Centrix syringe and stored in deionized water for 24 hours. After polishing, the superficial hardness was performed with a Knoop indenter. Five indentations were made on each specimen, with distance of 100 micrometers between indentations. Result The average hardness values were 58.96 ± 8.29 (A) 34.81 ± 5.78 (B) 4.91 ± 60.84 (C) 41.97 ± 5.45 (D). ANOVA detected significant difference for the two varibales, material (p=0,016) and CN inclusion (p<0,0001). Tukey test revealed that the groups A and C were statistically similar (p>0.05), while the B and D groups showed significant differences (p<0.05). When comparing the incorporation or not of factor CN, there was significant difference between groups A and B and between C and D groups (p<0.05). Conclusion The incorporation of CNTs negatively influenced the values of surface hardness for the two types of GIC used.

AIM: To evaluate the influence of the classification of cerebral palsy CP on the caries experience in children and adolescents, and determine the types of teeth most affected by dental caries. METHODS: A total of 181 individuals with CP, aged 8.30±4.10 years were examined for dental caries diagnosis in primary, mixed and permanent dentitions. The sample consisted of 96 quadriplegic individuals, 56 diplegic, 18 hemiplegic and 11 with choreoathetosis. The groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests. Univariate logistic regression models were used to identify whether age was a predictor of caries risk α=5%. RESULTS: The sample was homogeneous as regards sex and age, among patients with quadriplegia, diplegia, hemiplegia and choreoathetosis. Out of the total sample, 51.4% of the individuals were caries free. The overall mean for the dmft and DMFT indices were 1.70±3.30 and 0.70±1.60, respectively. The mean caries experience in primary, mixed and permanent dentitions did not vary significantly according to the CP classification p>0.05. Child´s age was a predictor for dental caries experience p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS: The CP classification did not influence on caries experience, and the teeth most affected by dental caries were the primary and first permanent molars.

INTRODUÇÃO: Em indivíduos com paralisia cerebral, ocorre redução do fluxo salivar, o que pode predispor à hipomineralização do esmalte e à cárie dentária. OBJETIVO: Comparar a microdureza do esmalte de dentes decíduos anteriores e posteriores de crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC) e crianças normorreativas (NR). MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 58 dentes decíduos esfoliados/extraídos, que foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: (A) anteriores de PC (n=14); (B) anteriores de NR (n=16); (C) posteriores de PC (n=14), e (D) posteriores de NR (n=14). Os dentes foram seccionados, incluídos em resina acrílica, lixados e polidos. A análise da microdureza longitudinal foi realizada em microdurômetro com endentador do tipo Knoop, com carga estática de 25 g/f e tempo de 5 segundos. Foram realizadas três fileiras de 12 endentações, distanciadas entre si em 100 mm, com profundidade entre 10 e 180 mm. Foram obtidas as médias de cada profundidade para cada dente e, posteriormente, as médias de cada profundidade para cada grupo avaliado. O teste estatístico empregado foi o de Mann-Whitney (α=5%). RESULTADO: As médias de microdureza foram 253,5 ± 55,3 (A), 247,6 ± 45,7 (B), 284,4 ± 68,7 (C) e 252,2 ± 53,8 (D). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos A e B e os grupos C e D, para cada profundidade e para a média global (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Pôde-se concluir que a microdureza de esmalte de dentes decíduos anteriores e posteriores de crianças com PC foi semelhante à microdureza de esmalte de dentes decíduos de crianças normorreativas.

INTRODUCTION: Cerebral palsy subjects present reduced salivary flow, which may predispose to enamel hypomineralization and dental caries. AIM: To compare the enamel microhardness of anterior and posterior primary teeth of normorreactive children (NR) and children with cerebral palsy (CP). MATERIAL AND METHOD: The sample was consisted of 58 exfoliated/extracted primary teeth distributed into 4 groups: (A) anterior teeth of CP (n= 14), (B) anterior teeth of NR (n=16),(C) posterior teeth of CP (n=14) and (D) posterior teeth of NR (n=14). The teeth were hemisectioned, embedded in acrylic resin, grounded and polished. The longitudinal microhardness analysis was carried out in a microdurometer with a Knoop indenter with a 25-gram load for 5 seconds. Three rows of 12 indentations were made from the outer surface from 10 to 180 mm. The rows were spaced 100 mm from each other. The values of the three measurements at each distance were averaged for each tooth and, afterwards, for each group. The non-parametric statistical test used was the Mann-Whitney U (α=5%). RESULT: The microhardness means data were 253.5 ± 55.3 (A), 247.6 ± 45.7 (B), 284.4 ± 68.7 (C) and 252.2 ± 53.8 (D).There was no significant difference between the groups A and B, as well as groups C and D for each distance and global average (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the enamel microhardness of anterior and posterior primary teeth of cerebral palsy children was similar to the normorreactive children.