Resumo O Bisfenol A (BPA) pode afetar negativamente a saúde humana, induzindo estresse oxidativo e danos irreversíveis às células. Os compostos bioativos encontrados em alguns alimentos funcionais, individualmente ou em combinação, podem atenuar os efeitos negativos da exposição ao BPA; um exemplo é o multissuplemento contendo guaraná (Gua), selênio (Se) e L-carnitina (LC) —GSC— que já demonstrou atividades antioxidantes, genoprotetoras e imunomoduladoras. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar o efeito do GSC e seus constituintes nas alterações oxidativas e genotóxicas desencadeadas pela exposição ao BPA na linhagem celular epitelial da retina (ARPE-19). Células foram tratadas em diferentes concentrações de BPA (0,001, 0,01, 0,1, 1, 3 e 10 µM) a fim de determinar a concentração mais baixa necessária para induzir citogenotoxicidade. As células ARPE-19 foram então expostas concomitantemente à concentração selecionada de BPA, o GSC e seus componentes (Gua, 1,07 mg/mL; Se, 0,178 µg/mL; e LC, 1,43 mg/mL). Ensaios de citometria de fluxo, bioquímicos, qRT-PCR, genotoxicidade, apoptose e proliferação celular foram executados. Com base em nossos resultados, 10 µM de BPA foi capaz de induzir alterações citogenotóxicas e oxidativas. O BPA não alterou a razão de expressão de Bcl-2/BAX, mas induziu a superexpressão de Casp3 e Casp8, sugerindo que a apoptose foi desencadeada principalmente pela via extrínseca. O GSC reverteu parcialmente as alterações desencadeadas pelo BPA nas células ARPE-19. No entanto, o Se teve efeitos negativos inesperados nas células ARPE-19. O GSC multissuplemento pode atenuar alterações nos marcadores oxidativos e genotóxicos relacionados à exposição das células ARPE-19 ao BPA. Nossos resultados revelaram que as propriedades antioxidantes, antiapoptóticas e genoprotetoras do GSC não foram universalmente compartilhadas pelo seu indivíduo, uma vez que o Se não apresentou nenhum impacto positivo. (BPA humana funcionais combinação Gua, Gua , (Gua) (Se Lcarnitina L carnitina LC (LC —GSC antioxidantes imunomoduladoras ARPE19. ARPE19 ARPE 19 . (ARPE-19) 0,001, 0001 0 001 (0,001 01 0,01 1 0,1 citogenotoxicidade ARPE-1 (Gua 107 07 1,0 mg/mL mgmL mg mL 0178 178 0,17 µg/mL µgmL µg 143 43 1,4 mg/mL. mg/mL) fluxo bioquímicos qRTPCR, qRTPCR qRT PCR, PCR qRT-PCR genotoxicidade executados Bcl2/BAX, Bcl2BAX BclBAX Bcl 2/BAX, 2 BAX Bcl-2/BAX Casp Casp8 extrínseca 19. entanto indivíduo positivo ARPE1 (ARPE-19 0,001 000 00 (0,00 0,0 0, ARPE- 017 17 14 4 Bcl2 Bcl2/BAX 2BAX 2/BAX (ARPE-1 0,00 (0,0 (ARPE- (0, (ARPE (0 (

Abstract Bisphenol A (BPA) may adversely affect human health by inducing oxidative stress and irreversible damage to cells. Bioactive compounds found in some functional foods, individually or in combination, can attenuate the negative effects of BPA exposure; an example is the multi-supplement containing guarana (Gua), selenium (Se), and L-carnitine (LC) —GSC— which has already demonstrated antioxidant, genoprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. This study aimed to determine the effect of GSC and its constituents on oxidative and genotoxic alterations triggered by BPA exposure in the retinal epithelial cell line. The cells exposed to BPA (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 3, and 10 µM) to determine the lowest concentration required to induce cyto-genotoxicity. ARPE-19 cells were then concomitantly exposed to the selected BPA concentration, GSC, and its components (Gua, 1.07 mg/mL; Se, 0.178 µg/mL; and LC, 1.43 mg/mL). Flow cytometry, biochemical assays, qRT-PCR, genotoxicity, apoptosis, and cellular proliferation. Based on our results, 10 µM of BPA could induce cyto-genotoxic and oxidative alterations. BPA did not alter the Bcl-2/BAX expression ratio but induced Casp3 and Casp8 overexpression, suggesting that apoptosis was induced mainly via the extrinsic pathway. GSC partially reversed the alterations triggered by BPA in ARPE-19 cells. However, Se had unexpected negative effects on ARPE-19 cells. The multi-supplement GSC may attenuate changes in oxidative and genotoxic markers related to exposure of ARPE-19 cells to BPA. our results revealed that the antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and genoprotective properties of GSC were not universally shared by its individual, once Se did not exhibit any positive impact. (BPA foods combination multisupplement multi supplement Gua, Gua , (Gua) (Se) Lcarnitine L carnitine LC (LC —GSC antioxidant activities line 0.001, 0001 0 001 (0.001 01 0.01 1 0.1 3 cytogenotoxicity. cytogenotoxicity cyto genotoxicity. genotoxicity cyto-genotoxicity ARPE19 ARPE 19 ARPE-1 (Gua 107 07 1.0 mg/mL mgmL mg mL 0178 178 0.17 µg/mL µgmL µg 143 43 1.4 mg/mL. . mg/mL) cytometry assays qRTPCR, qRTPCR qRT PCR, PCR qRT-PCR proliferation cytogenotoxic Bcl2/BAX Bcl2BAX BclBAX Bcl 2/BAX 2 BAX Casp overexpression pathway However antiapoptotic, antiapoptotic anti apoptotic, apoptotic anti-apoptotic individual impact (Se 0.001 000 00 (0.00 0.0 0. ARPE1 ARPE- 1. 017 17 14 4 Bcl2 2BAX 0.00 (0.0 (0. (0 (

Resumen El género Beauveria comprende un grupo cosmopolita teleomórfico y anamórfico de hongos entomopatógenos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar un nuevo aislado de Beauveria sp. en comparación con la cepa comercial cubana LBB-1. El aislamiento se obtuvo de diez individuos de Atta insularis y diez adultos del barrenador del café (Hypotenemus hampei), respectivamente. Se cultivó en medio sólido SDAY enriquecido con 1% de extracto de levadura. Se determinó la eficacia biológica del aislado sobre C. formicarius. El ADN se aisló usando el método CTAB y se amplificó la región de espaciador interno transcrito usando los cebadores ITS1 e ITS4. La secuencia consenso obtenida se depositó en GenBank (MK246940) y se utilizó para análisis filogenético. El aislado de Beauveria sp. mostró diferencias en sus características morfológicas; sin embargo, mostró una baja variabilidad genética con respecto a los aislamientos mundiales de B. bassiana. En cuanto a su eficacia biológica, el aislado demostró ser virulento sobre los adultos fitófagos, alcanzando el 50% de mortalidad. Se identificaron cuatro clados y la topología politómica recuperada para el clado 1 indica una alta similitud genética (99-96%) con Beauveria bassiana de varios países. La caracterización morfológica y molecular permitió identificar con precisión la especie del nuevo aislado.

Summary The genus Beauveria comprises a cosmopolitan teleomorphic and anamorphic group of entomopathogenic fungi. The aim of this study was to characterize a new isolate of Beauveria sp. and compare it to the LBB-1 commercial Cuban strain. The isolate was collected from ten individuals of the ant Atta insularis and ten adults of the coffee borer (Hypotenemus hampei). It was cultivated on solid SDAY medium enriched with 1% yeast extract. The biological effectiveness of the isolate was determined on C. formicarius. DNA was isolated using the CTAB method and the internal transcribed spacer region was amplified using the primers ITS1 and ITS 4. The consensus sequence obtained was deposited in GenBank (MK246940) and used for phylogenetic analysis. The isolate of Beauveria sp. showed differences in morphological characteristics; however, it showed low genetic variability regarding worldwide isolates of B. bassiana. Concerning its biological effectiveness, the isolate demonstrated to be virulent on the phytophagous adults, producing 50% mortality. Four clades were identified and the polytomous topology recovered for clade 1 indicates high genetic similarity (99-96%) with Beauveria bassiana from several countries. The morphological and molecular characterization made it possible to accurately identify the new isolate as Beauveria bassiana.

RESUMOOs problemas relacionados ao armazenamento vesical são muitos e relevantes. Eles, além de influírem de forma efetiva na qualidade de vida, podem eventualmente evoluir para falência renal. Existem vários trabalhos, os quais descrevem as propriedades imunomoduladoras e imunossupressoras das células-tronco mesenquimais derivadas do tecido adiposo (ADSCs). Objetiva-se com o presente avaliar clínica, ecográfica e anatomofisiologicamente o alotransplante parcial de bexiga a fresco em coelhos, utilizando como agente imunomodulador ADSCs alogênicas. Para isso foram utilizados 25 coelhos, sendo um deles macho e doador das ADSCs, e os outros 24 eram fêmeas, submetidas a alotransplante parcial de bexiga, sendo tratadas com ciclosporina (GCi) ou células-tronco mesenquimais (GCe). Conclui-se que as ADSCs foram suficientes para evitar sinais clínicos e ecográficos de rejeição ao alotransplante de vesícula urinária, mantendo a estrutura anatomofisiológica vesical por até 30 dias em coelhos.

ABSTRACTThe problems related to bladder storage are many and significant. In addition to effectively impacting the quality of life, they can eventually progress to kidney failure. There are several studies which describe the immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties of ADSCs. The aim of this study is to clinically, through sonography, anatomically and physiologically evaluate fresh partial allograft bladder from rabbits using allogeneic ADSCs as immunomodulator agents. For such, 25 rabbits were used, one being a male ADSCs donor, and the other 24 females who underwent simultaneous partial allograft bladder, being treated with cyclosporine (GCi) or mesenchymal stem cells (GCe). It was concluded that ADSCs were sufficient to prevent clinical and ultrasound signs of allograft rejection of the urinary bladder. These bladders retained the anatomophysiological structure for 30 days in rabbits.

In regions with dry and temperate climates, such as those of central and northern Mexico, the producers of greenhouse crops face low night-time temperatures, which become more severe during certain periods of the year. In a greenhouse they can be counteracted with heating systems, but when this resource is not available, the entrance of cold air is avoided by closing windows. The objective of the present study was to develop a model based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in order to evaluate the variations of night-time temperature and air flow in a greenhouse in two scenarios: lateral windows open and closed. The data used in the simulations were collected during the winter of 2012, in a sierra type greenhouse with polyethylene cover and an area of 1 834.65 m², located at the experimental agricultural unit of the Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. The simulations were made with the commercial program CFD ANSYS-Fluent and a 3D model. To establish the conditions of boundary and validation of the model, temperature of air, cover and soil was measured inside the greenhouse. The experimental results and simulations presented an effect of thermal inversion, in which the temperature of the greenhouse was lower than the exterior. The simulation of the greenhouse with closed windows showed an average thermal inversion of 3.1 K and the experimental data of 3.3 K; with open windows the CFD model predicted a thermal inversion of 0.8 K. The opening of windows allowed air circulation, which balanced the inside temperature with the exterior. Results showed the capacity of the CFD to simulate the microclimate of the greenhouse with precision, and therefore its application in the design and management of greenhouses.

En regiones con climas secos y templados, como los del centro y norte de México, los productores de cultivos en invernadero enfrentan temperaturas nocturnas bajas, que se agudizan en algunas temporadas del año. En un invernadero éstas pueden contrarrestarse con sistemas de calefacción; pero cuando no se tiene el recurso, el ingreso de aire frío se evita con el cierre de ventanas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue desarrollar un modelo basado en Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional (CFD) para evaluar las variaciones de temperatura y flujo de aire nocturno en un invernadero en dos escenarios: ventanas laterales cerradas y abiertas. Los datos usados en las simulaciones fueron recolectados durante el invierno de 2012, en un invernadero tipo sierra con cubierta de polietileno y un área de 1 834.65 m², localizado en la unidad agrícola experimental de la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Las simulaciones se realizaron con el programa comercial CFD ANSYS-Fluent y un modelo 3D. Para establecer las condiciones de frontera y validación del modelo, se midió la temperatura del aire, cubierta y suelo dentro del invernadero. Los resultados experimentales y las simulaciones presentaron un efecto de inversión térmica, en el cual la temperatura del invernadero fue menor que la exterior. La simulación del invernadero con ventanas cerradas mostró una inversión térmica promedio de 3.1 K y los datos experimentales de 3.3 K; con ventanas abiertas el modelo CFD predijo una inversión térmica de 0.8 K. La apertura de ventanas permitió la circulación del aire, lo cual equilibró la temperatura interior con la exterior. Los resultados mostraron la capacidad de CFD para simular con precisión el microclima del invernadero, y por lo tanto su aplicación en el diseño y manejo de invernaderos.

No contexto agrícola moderno, o controle de pragas é importante para se obter aumento de produtividade na cultura do milho (Zea mays L.). No entanto, esse controle deve ser feito racionalmente, e deve priorizar métodos ambientalmente mais seguros, como o controle biológico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar a ocorrência de Dolichozele koebelei Viereck, 1911 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) em larvas de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) coletadas em milho sob diferentes formas de cultivo. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Milho e Sorgo (CNPMS) em Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brasil, em áreas de produção orgânica e convencional. Durante todo o ciclo do milho (cultivar BR 106), três vezes por semana, foram amostradas em cada uma das 24 parcelas, 10 plantas, que foram avaliadas no laboratório. As larvas encontradas foram distribuídas individualmente em recipientes de criação com dieta artificial até o final do ciclo biológico. Maior número de larvas de S. frugiperda foi obtido no milho orgânico solteiro, com maior percentual de larvas de S. frugiperda parasitadas por Hymenoptera ou Diptera. Dolichozele koebelei ainda não havia sido descrita em associação com larvas de S. frugiperda. De uma forma geral nos dois experimentos o percentual de larvas de S. frugiperda parasitadas, foi alto, indicando a importância dos agentes de controle natural na redução da densidade populacional de S. frugiperda e, principalmente, a importância do manejo adequado da cultura do milho.

In the context of the modern agriculture, pest control is important in order to increase productivity in maize (Zea maysL.). However, this control should be done rationally, prioritising environmentally safer methods such as biological control. This paper aims to report the occurrence of Dolichozele koebelei Viereck, 1911 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae collected in maize subjected to different cropping systems. The experiment was conducted at the Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Milho e Sorgo (CNPMS) in Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, using organic and conventional production. Ten plants were sampled from each of the 24 plots and for each production system, three times a week during the entire cycle of maize (variety BR 106). In the laboratory, larvae were distributed in individual rearing containers with artificial diet until the end of the biological cycle. An increased number of S. frugiperda larvae was observed in organic single crop maize; hence a higher percentage of S. frugiperda larvae parasitised by Hymenoptera and Diptera also occurred in the maize under this production system. Dolichozele koebelei had not yet been described in association with larvae of S. frugiperda. The percentage of parasitism of S. frugiperda larvae was high in both experiments, indicating the importance of natural control agents in reducing the population density of S. frugiperda, and especially the importance of an appropriate crop management.

Sultepec, State of Mexico, located on the central part of Mexico, belongs to the Physiographic province “Sierra Madre del Sur” and to the Subprovince “Depresión del Balsas”. Although it is known for its floristic richness, it lacks an inventory of vascular plants, including the fruit species. The aim of this work was to elaborate a database including family, scientific name, local name, biological form, origin, use, management, production and service of the fruit species. Plants were collected continuously from June 2010 to June 2011. Subsequently, they were determined in the herbarium “Eizi Matuda” (CODAGEM) from the Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. The Principal Component Analysis was performed to show that management, use, origin and biological form explained the highest variability (41%) associated to the Principal Component 1. Meanwhile, plant height showed the highest association with the Principal Component 2 (18%). There were 25 families, 43 genus and 64 species. The best represented families by their species richness were Rosaceae, Rutaceae and Mimosaceae; at the genus level prevailed Citrus (7 species). The predominant biological form were trees (76.6%); 22 species provided firewood, 11 had ornamental value, 11 possessed medicinal properties, 8 were a forage source and 7 had wood value. The services they can provide include physical fence, shade, shelter for domestic animals and windbreak trees. Most of the species (62.5%) are for sale and own consumption; 37.5% is just obtained for own consumption. The main species management was in the backyard category.

Sultepec, Estado de México, se ubica en la porción central de la República Mexicana. Pertenece a la Provincia Fisiográfica Sierra Madre del Sur y a la Subprovincia Depresión del Balsas. Aunque es reconocido por su riqueza florística, carece de un inventario de las plantas vasculares, incluyendo las especies frutales. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en elaborar una base de datos que contiene familia, nombre científico, nombre común, forma biológica, origen, uso, manejo, producción y servicio de las especies frutales. Los ejemplares de herbario se recolectaron continuamente de Junio 2010 a Junio 2011. Posteriormente se determinaron en el Herbario “Eizi Matuda” (CODAGEM) de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. El Análisis de Componentes Principales muestra que las variables manejo, uso, origen y forma biológica explicaron la mayor variabilidad (41%) asociada al Componente Principal 1, en tanto que la variable altura mostró mayor asociación con el componente principal 2 (18%). Se registraron 25 familias, 43 géneros y 64 especies. Las familias mejor representadas por su riqueza de especies fueron Rosaceae, Rutaceae y Mimosaceae, a nivel de género prevaleció Citrus (7 especies). La forma biológica predominante fueron los árboles (76,6%). Veintidós especies proporcionan leña; 11 poseen valor ornamental; 11 son fuente de medicina, 8 de forraje y 7 de madera. Los servicios que proveen son cerca viva, sombra, refugio para animales domésticos y cortina rompeviento. La mayoría de las especies (62,5%) se destinan al autoconsumo y venta, el 37,5% se obtiene únicamente para autoconsumo. El manejo principal de las especies se ubicó en la categoría de traspatio.

One of the main economic activities in México is horticulture production in protected environments for the US market. The area under protected agriculture increases about 20 % yearly, notwistanding production is restricted by high and low temperatures during specific periods. This poses the need for a cooling system. Efficient natural ventilation is an effective method for controlling climate, but its description is complex and requires more knowledge of the process. The objective of this study was to visually represent the air flow and temperature distribution in a cenital greenhouse with 10 spans (110x90x4.7), typical in central Mexico, by posing and solving the physical model of air movement. A totally developed (LAI=4) tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crop was simulated. The model uses the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach and was structured and validated in the installations of the Institut de Recerca i Technolgía Agroalimentaries (IRTA) de Cabrils, Barcelona, Spain, from 2009 to 2010. Analysis of the results indicates significant differences in air flow due to the direction of window opening. The 3-Dimensional numerical analysis (CFD) enabled overall visualization of the spatial distribution of the climate inside the greenhouse and its climatic deficiencies. For wind speeds of 3 m s-1 in the first five spans, lateral ventilation is more important than roof ventilation because of wind or thermal effects. The combination of lateral and roof window opening increases thermal uniformity in the greenhouse by 30 % due to greater exchange flow through the roof windows, contributing fresh air to the interior, which maintains maximum gradients of 5-8 K.

Una de las principales actividades económicas en México es la producción de hortalizas para satisfacer el mercado estadounidense y la superficie cultivada en ambiente protegido aumenta alrededor de 20 % anualmente. Pero la producción es restringida debido a temperaturas altas y bajas en periodos específicos, planteando la necesidad de un sistema de enfriamiento. La ventilación natural eficiente es un método efectivo para controlar el clima, pero su descripción es compleja y una simplificación demanda mayor conocimiento del proceso. El objetivo del presente estudio fue mostrar, mediante el planteamiento y la solución del modelo físico de movimiento del aire, la representación visual del flujo en un invernadero baticenital de 10 naves (110x90x4.7), típico del centro de México, y la distribución de temperaturas en el interior donde se simula un cultivo de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) totalmente desarrollado (IAF=4). El modelo utiliza el enfoque de dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD). La construcción y validación del modelo se llevó a cabo en las instalaciones del Institut de Recerca i Technologia Agroalimentaries (IRTA) de Cabrils, Barcelona, España, del 2009 al 2010. El análisis de los resultados indica diferencias sustantivas en el flujo de aire debido a la orientación de la apertura de las ventanas. El análisis numérico (CFD) 3-dimensional permite una visión global de la distribución espacial del clima interior del invernadero y sus deficiencias climáticas. Para velocidades de viento de 3 m s-1 en las primeras cinco naves, la ventilación lateral tiene más importancia relativa que la ventilación cenital debido al efecto eólico o térmico. La combinación de apertura de ventanas laterales y cenitales aumenta la uniformidad térmica del invernadero en 30 %, debido a un flujo mayor de entrada /salida por la ventana cenital que aporta aire fresco al ambiente interior manteniendo gradientes máximos de 5 a 8 K.

The calibration of dynamic models for crop growth and development with parameter ranges generates imprecise estimations and erroneous predictions of the model when estimation is used by least squares or maximum likelihood. The present study shows the use of global methods of optimization for resolving this problem. A comparison is presented of the performance of an evolutionary algorithm (Differential Evolution, DE) and two that are bio-inspired: Cuckoo Search (CS) and Modified Cuckoo Search (MCS). The test problem was to estimate the 25 parameters of the model for potential crop growth SUCROS (a Simple and Universal Crop growth Simulator).The data used was obtained from an experiment of growth of a husk tomato crop (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. Ex Horm.) carried out at Chapingo, Mexico. The objective was to determine which algorithm generates values for the parameters of the model that make it possible to obtain the most precise predictions. An ANOVA was performed to statistically evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Results showed a better performance of the standard DE algorithm (DE/rand/1/ bin) in terms of efficiency and effectiveness to converge to an optimum solution. The bio-inspired algorithms showed good performance; therefore, they are reliable and can be applied in the estimation of parameters of crop models.

La calibración de modelos dinámicos para crecimiento y desarrollo de cultivos con rangos de parámetros, genera estimaciones imprecisas de estos y predicciones erróneas del modelo cuando se usa estimación por mínimos cuadrados o máxima verosimilitud. El presente estudio muestra el uso de métodos globales de optimización para resolver este problema. Se presenta una comparación del desempeño de un algoritmo evolutivo (Evolución Diferencial, DE) y dos bio-inspirados: Búsqueda Cuco (CS) y Búsqueda Cuco Modificado (MCS). El problema prueba fue estimar los 25 parámetros del modelo para crecimiento potencial de cultivos SUCROS (a Simple and Universal CROp growth Simulator). Los datos se obtuvieron de un experimento de crecimiento de un cultivo de tomate de cáscala (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Horm.) realizado en Chapingo, México. El objetivo fue determinar qué algoritmo genera valores para los parámetros del modelo que permitan lograr las predicciones más precisas. Se realizó un ANDEVA para evaluar estadísticamente la eficiencia y efectividad de los algoritmos propuestos. Los resultados mostraron un desempeño mejor del algoritmo DE estándar (DE/rand/1/ bin) en términos de eficiencia y eficacia para converger a una solución óptima. Los algoritmos bio-inspirados mostraron buen desempeño, por lo cual son confiables y se pueden aplicar en la estimación de parámetros de modelos de cultivos.

Eriopis connexa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) ocorre em vários países da América do Sul e sua criação massal é importante para programas de controle biológico. Este trabalho avaliou os aspectos biológicos de larvas de E. connexa alimentadas com ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) e de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) congelados por um dia, ovos frescos de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), lagartas de S. frugiperda recém-eclodidas, ninfas de Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) e Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). A duração da fase larval, pupal e de larva a adulto diferiu entre as presas oferecidas; entretanto, a fase de pré-pupa foi semelhante. A viabilidade larval, pré-pupal, pupal e de adultos foi maior ou igual a 87,5% em todas as presas, com exceção para larvas alimentadas com lagartas recém-eclodidas de S. frugiperda. Eriopis connexa tem boa adaptação a diferentes presas, corroborando seu hábito alimentar polífago, o que evidencia o potencial desse inimigo natural para o controle de pragas de milho e sorgo.

Eriopis connexa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) occurs in several countries of South America and its mass rearing is important for biological control programmes. This work evaluated biological aspects of E. connexa larva fed on eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) frozen for one day, fresh eggs of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), S. frugiperda newly-hatched caterpillars, nymphs of Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) and Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Duration of larva, pupa and larva to adult stages differed among prey offered, whereas the prepupa stage was similar. Larva, pupa, prepupa and larva to adult viabilities were equal or major of 87.5% in all prey, except for larva fed on newly-hatched larvae of S. frugiperda. Eriopis connexa has good adaptation to different prey corroborating its polyphagous feeding habit, which evidences the potential of this natural enemy for controlling corn and sorghum pests.

The southeast region of the "Estado de México" is a transitional floristic zone. The municipalities which constitute are: "Tenancingo", "Villa Guerrero", "Malinalco", "Zumpahuacán", "Ixtapán de la Sal", "Tonatico", "Coatepec Harinas", "Almoloya de Alquisiras" and "Texcaltitlan". They present wood of Pinus, wood of Abies, wood of Quercus, mountainous mesophyll wood and deciduous rainflorest as the main kind of vegetation. Our objective was to obtain a list of trees and bushes, which can have a potential ornamental use, in the southeast of that state. The botanical material was gathered with the conventional techniques during bimonthly trips to the studied area from June 2010 to May 2011. Thereafter, the specimens were dried and classified at the family, genus and species levels in the "Eizi Matuda" herbarium ("CODAGEM") of the "Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas" of the "Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México". The ornamental value was established on the basis of the species physionomy: flowers or inflorescence, fruit or infructescence, leaves and the architecture of the whole plant. A list of 65 species, 57 genus and 38 tree and shrub families with ornamental potential is presented. The arboreal elements predominated (77%) over the shrubby ones (23%). The Mimosaceae and Rosacea families predominated because of its number of genus (five) and species (six). The predominant genus was Clethra (three species). As far as the ornamental values of the species are concerned, in a decreasing order they are cataloged as: flowers or inflorescence (36%), fruit or infructescence (29%), leaves (29%) and the architecture of the whole plant (6%).

La región sureste del Estado de México es una zona de transición florística. Está integrada por los municipios: Tenancingo, Villa Guerrero, Malinalco, Zumpahuacán, Ixtapán de la Sal, Tonatico, Coatepec Harinas, Almoloya de Alquisiras y Texcaltitlán. Los principales tipos de vegetación presentes son: bosque de Pinus, bosque de Abies, bosque de Quercus, bosque mesófilo de montaña y bosque tropical caducifolio. El objetivo consistió en obtener una lista de especies de árboles y arbustos en el sureste del Estado de México que pueden tener un potencial uso ornamental. El material botánico se recolectó con las técnicas convencionales durante recorridos quincenales en el área de estudio por un período comprendido entre junio de 2010 a mayo de 2011. En el Herbario "Eizi Matuda" (CODAGEM) de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, los ejemplares se secaron y se determinaron a nivel de familia, género y especie. El valor ornamental se estableció con base en la fisonomía de las especies: flores o inflorescencia, frutos o infrutescencia, hojas y arquitectura de toda la planta. Se presenta una lista integrada por 65 especies, 57 géneros y 38 familias de árboles y arbustos con potencial ornamental. Los elementos arbóreos dominaron (77%) sobre los arbustivos (23%). Las familias Mimosaceae y Rosaceae destacaron por su número de géneros (cinco) y especies (seis). El género más abundante fue Clethra (tres especies). Para el valor ornamental de las especies, en orden decreciente se encuentran: flores o inflorescencia (36%), frutos o infrutescencia (29%), hojas (29%) y arquitectura de toda la planta (6%).

Larvas de Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) podem evitar o forrageamento sobre plantas de Crotalaria juncea (Fabaceae) após a emissão de botões florais, quando presas de Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) incorporam alcalóides pirrolizidínicos tóxicos dessa planta. Isso reduz a predação e favorece o aumento do número de adultos e ovos desse desfolhador sobre cultivos dessa planta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar alguns aspectos biológicos e ecológicos de C. externa e U. ornatrix sobre cultivo orgânico de C. juncea na EMBRAPA Milho e Sorgo, em Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Chrysoperla externa e U. ornatrix foram mais abundantes nos estádios vegetativo e de florescimento de C. juncea, respectivamente, com lagartas desse desfolhador se alimentando sobre folhas e sementes dessa planta. A duração dos estágios/estádios, sobrevivência, fecundidade de vida e oviposição mostraram que ramos de C. juncea é um alimento adequado para U. ornatrix. A abundância de adultos e larvas de C. externa foi menor nas fases de floração e vagens de C. juncea, respectivamente, quando posturas de U. ornatrix estiveram presentes, provavelmente devido à toxicidade de ovos dessa presa a esse predador. Durante esses estádios, C. externa pode ser criado com hospedeiros alternativos, e, quando cultivos de C. juncea são escassos, uma dieta artificial deve ser usada para criação desse desfolhador em laboratório, para pesquisas biológicas e desenvolvimento de táticas de controle biológico.

Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) larvae can avoid foraging on plants of Crotalaria juncea (Fabaceae) after the issuance of floral buds, when the prey of Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) incorporate toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids from this plant. This reduces the predation and favors increasing the number of adults and eggs of this defoliator on crops of this plant. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate some biological and ecological aspects of C. externa and U. ornatrix on the organic crop of C. juncea in the EMBRAPA Maize and Sorghum in Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Chrysoperla externa and U. ornatrix were more abundant in the vegetative and flowering stages of C. juncea, respectively, with caterpillars of this defoliator feeding on leaves and seeds of this plant. The duration of the stages/instars, survival, lifetime fecundity, and oviposition showed that the branches of C. juncea are a suitable food for U. ornatrix. The abundance of adults and larvae of C. externa was lower in the flowering and pods stages of C. juncea, respectively, when the postures of U. ornatrix are present, probably due to the toxicity of the eggs of this prey to this predator. During these stages, C. externa may be reared with alternative hosts, and when the crops of C. juncea are scarce, an artificial diet should be used for rearing this defoliator in the laboratory for biological research and the development of biological control tactics.

Estudando os Coccinellidae na região de Sete Lagoas, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, foram encontrados adultos de Coleomegilla maculata De Geer, 1775, Eriopis connexa (Germar, 1824) e Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant, 1866) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), parasitados por Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank, 1802) (Hymenoptera; Braconidae: Euphorinae). O parasitoide, desde então, tem sido mantido em adultos desses Coccinellidae, no Laboratório de Criação de Insetos - LACRI da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, em Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil, onde o trabalho foi conduzido. Este trabalho relata a ocorrência de D. coccinellae em C. maculata, E. connexa e O. v-nigrum, e apresenta alguns aspectos biológicos desse parasitoide. Coleomegilla maculata apresentou maior suscetibilidade ao parasitoide, com 70% de adultos parasitados; O. v-nigrum e E. connexa apresentaram porcentagem de parasitismo de 43,3 e 36,7 %, respectivamente. O ciclo de desenvolvimento de D. coccinellae foi mais longo em C. maculata (32,4 ± 0,48 dias) em relação a O. v-nigrum (29,5 ± 0,49 dias) e E. connexa (27,8 ± 0,40 dias). A eficiência do controle biológico de pragas pelos predadores C. maculata, E. connexa e O. v-nigrum pode ser reduzida pela ocorrência do parasitoide D. coccinellae.

Surveys on Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in Sete Lagoas city, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, indicated the parasitism of adults of the species Coleomegilla maculata De Geer, 1775, Eriopis connexa (Germar, 1824) and Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant, 1866), by Dinocampus coccinellae (Schrank, 1802) (Hymenoptera; Braconidae: Euphorinae). Since then, the parasitoid have been maintained in its original hosts at the Insect Rearing Laboratory - LACRI of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Institution - Embrapa Milho e Sorgo. Besides the citation of occurrence in Brazil, this work also indicates the parasitoid preference for C. maculata (70% of parasitism), followed by O. v-nigrum (43.3% of parasitism) and E. connexa (36.7% of parasitism). Total life cycle of D. coccinellae was longer on C. maculata (32.4 ± 0.48 days), compared to O. v-nigrum (29.5 ± 0.49 days) and E. connexa (27.8 ± 0.4 days). Due to the relatively high percentage of field parasitism, D. coccinellae can reduce the efficiency of biological pest control by Coccinellidae predators especially in the case of C. maculata.

Organismos de solo desempenham um importante papel em cultivos orgânicos de Crotalaria juncea (Fabaceae) e estão associados com a conservação natural do ambiente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a população de organismos de solo no cultivo orgânico de C. juncea, bem como sua importância como um refúgio para inimigos naturais. Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Diabrotica sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Doru luteipes (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), Gryllus assimilis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), Lagria villosa (Coleoptera: Lagriidae), Melanotus sp. (Coleoptera: Elateridae), Meloidogyne incognita (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae), Nephila clavipes (Araneae: Nephilidae), Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Pheidole sp. (Hymenoptera: Myrmicidae), Phyllophaga sp. (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae), Procornitermes sp. (Isoptera: Termitidae), Solenopsis sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) e Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) foram identificados em C. juncea. Os organismos que foram encontrados durante um período de três meses em 144 trincheiras em C. juncea foram as espécies de pragas (84,47%) e inimigos naturais (15,53%). Inimigos naturais tiveram uma média de 11,89 indivíduos por 1,08 m³ de solo cultivado com C. juncea. A abundância de organismos na fase de vagem (5,49%) de C. juncea foi menor do que nas fases vegetativa (83,50%) e floração (11,01%). Plantas de C. juncea podem ser usadas como parte de um sistema de cultivo para o Manejo Integrado de Pragas.

Soil organisms play an important role in organic crops of Crotalaria juncea (Fabaceae) and are associated with the natural conservation of the environment. The present study was aimed to investigate the population of soil organisms in the organic culture of C. juncea, as well as its importance as a refuge for natural enemies. Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Diabrotica sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Doru luteipes (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), Gryllus assimilis (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), Lagria villosa (Coleoptera: Lagriidae), Melanotus sp. (Coleoptera: Elateridae), Meloidogyne incognita (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae), Nephila clavipes (Araneae: Nephilidae), Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Pheidole sp. (Hymenoptera: Myrmicidae), Phyllophaga sp. (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae), Procornitermes sp. (Isoptera: Termitidae), Solenopsis sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) were identified in C. juncea. The organisms that were found during a 3-month period in 144 trenches in C. juncea were pest species (84.47%) and natural enemies (15.53%) as well. Natural enemies had an average of 11.89 individuals per 1.08 m³ of soil cultivated with C. juncea. The abundance of organisms in the pod stage (5.49%) of C. juncea was lower than that in the vegetative (83.50%) and flowering (11.01%) stages. Crotalaria juncea plants can be used as part of a crop system for Integrated Pest Management.

The effect of orally supplemented melatonin (MT) at 1 mg/kg bw for 4 weeks on feeding behavior of non-diabetic and diabetic male Wistar rats has been studied by computerized meal pattern analysis. Exogenous MT has a satiating effect in non-diabetic rats, but not in diabetic animals. The changes in feeding behavior induced by MT in non-diabetic animals are related to changes in meal frequency, size and duration leading to lower total food intake during the scotophase. MT administration to diabetic rats resulted in lower drinking time and higher faecal output, without further behavioral effects. We conclude that the notorious metabolic changes ocurring in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat can overcome most of the underlying effects of MT supplementation. The possible MT usage for therapeutical purposes could benefit from the lack of behavioral alterations in diabetic animals.

Varias líneas de evidencia señalan a la melatonina (MT) como un importante factor en el complejo entramado de la regulación de la ingestión de alimento. Puesto que la secreción de MT aumenta en la rata con diabetes tipo I, y dada la importancia de MT en el tracto gastrointestinal, es interesante comprobar los efectos de MT sobre el alterado comportamiento ingestivo de estos animales. Se ha estudiado el efecto de la suplementación oral de MT (1 mg por kg de peso corporal y día) en la escotofase sobre el comportamiento ingestivo de ratas Wistar macho diabéticas y no diabéticas durante cuatro semanas mediante análisis de pautas de ingestión asistido por ordenador. La administración de MT exógena indujo un efecto de saciación en ratas no diabéticas, pero no en animales diabéticos. Los cambios en comportamiento ingestivo inducidos por MT en animales no diabéticos están relacionados con cambios en frecuencia, tamaño y duración de las comidas, con el resultado de una disminución de la ingestión total de alimento durante la escotofase. La administración de MT en ratas diabéticas originó una disminución del tiempo total de actividad dípsica y aumento de la masa fecal durante la escotofase, sin otros cambios comportamentales significativos. Se concluye que los notables cambios metabólicos que tienen lugar en la rata con diabetes experimental inducida por estreptozotocina provocan cambios comportamentales más potentes que los ejercidos por la suplementación oral con MT. El posible uso terapéutico de MT podría beneficiarse de la falta de alteraciones comportamentales en animales diabéticos.

El artículo propone, de un lado, analizar cómo la evolución del planeamiento urbanístico en un contexto de globalización ha facilitado el surgimiento de nuevos conflictos urbanísticos y, de otro, identificar cómo se articulan las variadas formas de movilización ciudadana en relación a estos conflictos. Finalmente, a través del caso de la defensa del complejo industrial de Can Ricart de Barcelona se ejemplifica cómo las plataformas ciudadanas consiguen poner en entredicho el modelo de desarrollo urbano de la ciudad.

Este artigo analisa, por um lado, a evolução do planeamento urbano num contexto de globalização, o qual facilitou o surgimento de conflitos urbanos. Por outro, identifica as várias formas de mobilização dos cidadãos em relação a estes conflitos. Finalmente, através do caso originado pela defesa do património industrial de Can Ricart, em Barcelona, exemplifica-se como as plataformas cidadãs questionam o modelo de desenvolvimento urbano.

On montre comment l’évolution de la planification urbaine, dans un contexte de mondialisation, a fait surgir de nouveaux conflits urbains et comment les diverses formes de mobilisation citoyenne s’articulent par rapport à ces conflits. En s’appuyant sur le cas de la défense du complexe industriel de Can Ricart, à Barcelone, on montre finalement comment les plateformes citoyennes peuvent parvenir à mettre en cause le modèle de développement urbain de la ville.

The aim of this article is two-fold: to analyse how the evolution of urban planning in a context of globalisation has facilitated the emergence of conflicts over urban planning and to identify how the various forms of social mobilisation are interconnected. Specifically, the case of Can Ricart in Barcelona is discussed in order to exemplify how citizens’ committees are able to question the city’s urban development model.