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ABSTRACT Background: The number of tuberculosis (TB) cases in prisons is higher than that in the general population and has been reported as the most common cause of death in prisons. This study evaluated the delay in the diagnosis and treatment of TB in Brazilian prisons. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2007 and 2015 using data from the five largest male prisons in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. TB case data was collected from the National Database of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), GAL-LACEN, and prison medical records. The following variables were recorded: prison, year of diagnosis, age, race, education, HIV status, smoking status, comorbidities, number of symptoms, percentage of cures, delay in diagnosis, patient delay, provider delay, laboratory delay, and delay in treatment. Descriptive statistics were used for the variables of interest. Results: A total of 362 pulmonary TB cases were identified. The average time between the first symptom and reporting of data was 94 days. The mean time between symptom onset and laboratory diagnosis was 91 days. The average time from symptom onset to first consultation was 80 days. The time between diagnosis and treatment initiation was 5 days. Conclusions: Delays were significant between reporting of the first symptoms and diagnosis and significantly smaller from the time between notification and start of treatment. Control strategies should be implemented to diagnose cases through active screening, to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment, and to reduce TB transmission. Background (TB Methods 200 201 Sul Brazil SINAN, SINAN , (SINAN) GALLACEN, GALLACEN GAL LACEN, LACEN GAL-LACEN records recorded age race education status comorbidities cures interest Results 36 identified 9 days 8 Conclusions screening transmission 20 (SINAN 3 2

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0015-2023

Research, Innovation, and National Production of Strategic Inputs for Tuberculosis Elimination in Brazil: Contributions from the REDE-TB Research Innovation Brazil REDETB REDE TB
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Arcêncio, Ricardo Alexandre

; Chimara, Erica

; Silva, José Roberto Lapa e

; Croda, Julio

; Carvalho, Anna Cristina Calçada

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2023, Volume 56 elocation e0518-2023

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0518-2023

Are we near the end of the pandemic?
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Maciel, Ethel Leonor

; Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber

; Siqueira, Priscila Carminati

; Croda, Julio

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2022, Volume 55 elocation e0233-2022

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0233-2022

Coronavirus disease COVID-19 pandemic and the Declaration of Public Health Emergency in Brazil: administrative and epidemiological aspects
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Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber de

; Cavalcanti, Luciano Pamplona de Góes

; Croda, Julio

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2022, Volume 55 elocation e0227-2022

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0227-2022

Tuberculosis in prison inmates in Southern Brazil: investigating the epidemiological and operational indicators
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Busatto, Caroline

; Mespaque, Julia

; Schwarzbold, Pauline

; Souza, Camilo Darsie de

; Jarczewski, Carla Adriane

; Meucci, Rodrigo Dalke

; Andrews, Jason

; Croda, Julio

; Silva, Pedro Eduardo Almeida da

; Ramis, Ivy Bastos

; Possuelo, Lia Gonçalves

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2022, Volume 55 elocation e0052-2022

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: Tuberculosis is a worldwide public health problem and is more prevalent in specific populations, such as prisoners. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and operational indicators of tuberculosis in prisoners in a southern region of Brazil. Methods: This was a descriptive, observational study, utilizing secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System on tuberculosis cases diagnosed in prisoners in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, from 2014 to 2018. Prisoner data used to calculate incidence were extracted from reports by the National Penitentiary Department. Results: From 2014 to 2018, 3,557 tuberculosis cases were reported in Rio Grande do Sul prisoners. The incidence rate of tuberculosis in prisoners was 1,235/100,000 individuals in 2014 and 1,430/100,000 individuals in 2018. The proportion of new TB cases tested for HIV was high, 83.4% in this period; among those tested, 12.9% were HIV coinfected. The proportion of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed by laboratory criteria was 52.6% in this period. In total, 18.4% of new pulmonary tuberculosis cases were initiated on directly observed treatment in this period, and 36.4% of contacts of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with laboratory confirmation were examined. Among retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis cases, 82.4% were laboratory-confirmed. Conclusions: Tuberculosis incidence is increasing on a per-capita and absolute basis in Rio Grande do Sul. Laboratory confirmation, HIV testing, directly observed treatment, and contact investigation rates were all low, indicating the need to improve medical and public health measures for tuberculosis control in prisons.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0052-2022

Epidemiological study in Brazilian women highlights that syphilis remains a public health problem
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Barbosa, Marcelo dos Santos

; Lima, Leticya Aparecida de

; Ribeiro, Suzana Meira

; Croda, Julio

; Queiroz, Júlio Henrique Ferreira de Sá

; Ortolani, Lais Gonçalves

; Negrão, Fábio Juliano

; Souza, Elaine Costa

; Silva, Kesia Esther da

; Souza, Ronaldo Omizolo de

; Simionatto, Simone

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2021, Volume 63 elocation e4

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Syphilis, an infectious disease considered a global public health concern, can cause stillbirths and neonatal deaths. This highlights the importance of continuous surveillance studies among women of reproductive age. A cross-sectional study was carried out to analyze the prevalence and risk factors associated with Treponema pallidum infection in women assisted by primary health care units in Dourados, a city located in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, which borders Paraguay. A questionnaire was applied to a population-based sample, blood samples were collected for syphilis testing and multivariable analyses were performed to screen associations with T. pallidum infection. The prevalence of T. pallidum infection was 6.04%. Bivariate analysis showed that women referring multiple sexual partners (c2: 6.97 [p=0.014]), income less 2 minimal wages (c2: 15.93 [p=0.003]), who did not have high school (c2: 12.64 [p=0.005]), and reporting history of STIs (c2: 7.30 [p=0.018]) are more likely to have syphilis. In the multivariate analysis, a highest prevalence ratio was observed in women with income less than 2 minimal wages (PR: 0.96 [95% CI: 0.85 - 0.97]), and who did not have high school (PR: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.90 - 0.98]). In addition, 80% of the women reported irregular use of condoms and 63.89% declared having sexual intercourses with multiple partners, which creates more opportunities for the transmission of the infection. These results highlight the need for healthcare systems to implement initiatives to monitor syphilis screening and the commitment of patients and their sexual partners to the treatment in order to achieve a decrease of new cases.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202163004 803 downloads

[SciELO Preprints] - COVID-19 in Brazil: advantages of a socialized unified health system and preparation to contain cases
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Croda, Julio Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber de Frutuoso, Rodrigo Lins Mandetta, Luiz Henrique Baia-da-Silva, Djane Clarys Brito-Sousa, José Diego Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo Lacerda, Marcus Vinícius Guimarães

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Publication date: 2020-04-08

Abstract: En

The outbreak of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported for the first time in Wuhan, China in late December 2019 have rapidly spread to other countries and it was declared on January 30, 2020 as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization. Before the first COVID-19 cases were reported in Brazil, several measures have been implemented including the adjustment of legal framework to carry out isolation and quarantine. As the cases increased significantly, new measures, mainly to reduce mortality and severe cases, have also been implemented. Rapid and robust preparedness actions have been undertaken in Brazil while first cases have not yet been identified in Latin-American. The outcome of this early preparation should be analyzed in future studies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0167-2020

Resposta imediata da Vigilância em Saúde à epidemia da COVID-19
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Croda, Julio Henrique Rosa

; Garcia, Leila Posenato

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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2020, Volume 29 N. 1 elocation e2020002

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.5123/s1679-49742020000100021

10.

Resposta imediata da Vigilância em Saúde à epidemia da COVID-19
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Croda, Julio Henrique Rosa

; Garcia, Leila Posenato

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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2020, Volume 29 N. 1 elocation e2020002

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.5123/s1679-49742020000100021 16777 downloads

11.

COVID-19 in Brazil: advantages of a socialized unified health system and preparation to contain cases
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Croda, Julio

; Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber de

; Frutuoso, Rodrigo Lins

; Mandetta, Luiz Henrique

; Baia-da-Silva, Djane Clarys

; Brito-Sousa, José Diego

; Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo

; Lacerda, Marcus Vinícius Guimarães

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2020, Volume 53 elocation e20200167

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The outbreak of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported for the first time in Wuhan, China in late December 2019 have rapidly spread to other countries and it was declared on January 30, 2020 as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization. Before the first COVID-19 cases were reported in Brazil, several measures have been implemented including the adjustment of legal framework to carry out isolation and quarantine. As the cases increased significantly, new measures, mainly to reduce mortality and severe cases, have also been implemented. Rapid and robust preparedness actions have been undertaken in Brazil while first cases have not yet been identified in Latin-American. The outcome of this early preparation should be analyzed in future studies.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0167-2020 7481 downloads

12.

Importation and early local transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil, 2020
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Jesus, Jaqueline Goes de

; Sacchi, Claudio

; Candido, Darlan da Silva

; Claro, Ingra Morales

; Sales, Flávia Cristina Silva

; Manuli, Erika Regina

; Silva, Daniela Bernardes Borges da

; Paiva, Terezinha Maria de

; Pinho, Margarete Aparecida Benega

; Santos, Katia Correa de Oliveira

; Hill, Sarah Catherine

; Aguiar, Renato Santana

; Romero, Filipe

; Santos, Fabiana Cristina Pereira dos

; Gonçalves, Claudia Regina

; Timenetsky, Maria do Carmo

; Quick, Joshua

; Croda, Julio Henrique Rosa

; Oliveira, Wanderson de

; Rambaut, Andrew

; Pybus, Oliver G.

; Loman, Nicholas J.

; Sabino, Ester Cerdeira

; Faria, Nuno Rodrigues

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2020, Volume 62 elocation e30

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT We conducted the genome sequencing and analysis of the first confirmed COVID-19 infections in Brazil. Rapid sequencing coupled with phylogenetic analyses in the context of travel history corroborate multiple independent importations from Italy and local spread during the initial stage of COVID-19 transmission in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202062030 3197 downloads

13.

A summary of the proceedings of a meeting on the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in target populations in Brazil
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Rolla, Valeria

; Trajman, Anete

; Kawamura, Masae

; Cavalcante, Solange

; Soares, Elizabeth

; Perini, Filipe de Barros

; Carvalho, Anna Cristina Calçada

; Croda, Julio

; Silva, Jose Roberto Lapa e

; Schmaltz, Carolina Arana Stanis

; Sant’Anna, Flavia Marinho

; Bastos, Mayara

; Gomes, Adriano

; Durovni, Betina

; Saraceni, Valeria

; Silva, Elisangela

; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

; Santos, Marcelo Cordeiro dos

; Pinto, Marcia

; Santos, Marisa

; Sanches, Fernando Augusto Dias e

; Oliveira, Sandra Maria do Valle Leone de

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia

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2020, Volume 46 N. 4 elocation e20200023

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20200023 296 downloads

14.

Detection of Drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Strains Using Kit SIRE Nitratase®: a Multicenter Study
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Miranda, Silvana Spindola de

; Almeida, Isabela Neves de

; Mansur, Maria de Fátima Filardi Oliveira

; Figueredo, Lida Jouca de Assis

; Carvalho, Wânia da Silva

; Hadaad, João Paulo Amaral

; Diniz, Jaciara de Lourdes do Carmo Guimarães

; Groll, Andrea von

; Silva, Pedro Almeida da

; Lopes, Maria Luiza

; Santos, Marcelo Cordeiro dos

; Brito, Alexandra

; Mello, Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz

; Malaquias, Thiago da Silva Santos

; Croda, Julio

; Pinhata, Juliana Maira Watanabe

; Oliveira, Rosângela Siqueira de

; Chimara, Erica

; Rossetti, Maria Lúcia

; Halon, Maria Laura

; Lourenço, Maria Cristina

; Medeiros, Reginalda Ferreira de Melo

; Montes, Fátima Cristina Onofre Fandinho

; Machado, Diana

; Viveiros, Miguel

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2020, Volume 63 elocation e20190179

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract (1) Background: The Commercial Kit SIRE Nitratase® PlastLabor, is a drug susceptibility test kit used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to first-line TB treatment drugs. The present study aimed at evaluating its performance in a multicenter study. (2) Methods: To determine its accuracy, the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or the BACTECTMMGITTM960 system was used as a gold standard. (3) Results: The study revealed that the respective accuracies of the kit with 190 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates, using the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or BACTECTMMGITTM960 system as a gold standard, were 93.9% and 94.6%, 96.9% and 94.6%, 98.0% and 97.8%, and 98.0% and 98.9%, for streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol, respectively. (4) Conclusion: Thus, the kit can rapidly screen resistance to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol. Additionally, it does not require sophisticated equipment; hence, it can be easily used in the laboratories of low and middle income countries.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2020190179 905 downloads

15.

Imputation method to reduce undetected severe acute respiratory infection cases during the coronavirus disease outbreak in Brazil
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Oliveira, Silvano Barbosa de

; Ganem, Fabiana

; Araújo, Wildo Navegantes de

; Casabona, Jordi

; Sanchez, Mauro Niskier

; Croda, Julio

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2020, Volume 53 elocation e20200528

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease (COVD-19) outbreak has overburdened the surveillance of severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs), including the laboratory network. This study was aimed at correcting the absence of laboratory results of reported SARI deaths. METHODS: The imputation method was applied for SARI deaths without laboratory information using clinico-epidemiological characteristics. RESULTS: Of 84,449 SARI deaths, 51% were confirmed with COVID-19 while 3% with other viral respiratory diseases. After the imputation method, 95% of deaths were reclassified as COVID-19 while 5% as other viral respiratory diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The imputation method was a useful and robust solution (sensitivity and positive predictive value of 98%) for missing values through clinical & epidemiological characteristics.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0528-2020 807 downloads

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