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Facilitation in mangrove ecosystem: The role of herbaceous species in seedling recruitment and growth patterns of Avicennia germinans in a recovering mangrove in Northeastern Brazil ecosystem
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Villavicencio, Carolina Bracho

; Ferreira, Alexander Cesar

; Costa, Rafael Carvalho da

; Machado, José Vitor

; Freitas, Cesar Vinicius Caldas

; Moro, Marcelo Freire

; Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda

Acta Botanica Brasilica

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2024, Volume 38 elocation e20220283

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The restoration of mangroves is crucial for preserving their vital role as ecosystems. Facilitation could assist in the restoration of degraded ecosystems, especially during the first life stages. This study investigated how herbaceous species can facilitate the recruitment and growth of Avicennia germinans in a degraded mangrove area undergoing restoration during extremely dry and rainy seasons typical of northeastern Brazil. The research assessed the densities and growth of A. germinans in the presence of Batis maritima and Sesuvium portulacastrum, and without any other plant species as control during the rainy and dry seasons from 2017 to 2019. The area had been previously disturbed by the salt pond industry abandoned since the late 1980s. The results revealed different facilitation mechanisms. S. portulacastrum and B. maritima promoted 2.6 and 1.7 times higher densities of A. germinans than control plots. While B. maritima had significantly faster growth of A. germinans than S. portulacastrum plots, associated with a capacity of decreasing salinity levels, facilitating mangrove seedlings during dry seasons, S. portulacastrum surpassed B. maritima and control plots in terms of density, which can be profitable for mangrove seedlings during extreme rainy seasons of floods. ecosystems stages Brazil A 201 2019 1980s s mechanisms S B 26 2 6 2. 17 1 7 1. levels density floods 20

https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-941x-abb-2022-0283

Flora and Annual Distribution of Flowers and Fruits in the Ubajara National Park, Ceará, Brazil
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Silveira, Andréa Pereira

; Menezes, Bruno Sousa de

; Loiola, Maria Iracema Bezerra

; Lima-Verde, Luiz Wilson

; Zanina, Dalva Neta e

; Carvalho, Ellen Cristina Dantas de

; Souza, Bruno Cruz de

; Costa, Rafael Carvalho da

; Mantovani, Waldir

; Menezes, Marcelo Oliveira Teles de

; Flores, Lilian Maria Araújo

; Nogueira, Francisco Carlos Barboza

; Matias, Ligia Queiroz

; Barbosa, Lívia Silvia

; Gomes, Fernanda Melo

; Cordeiro, Luciana Silva

; Sampaio, Valéria da Silva

; Batista, Maria Edenilce Peixoto

; Soares Neto, Raimundo Luciano

; Silva, Maria Arlene Pessoa da

; Campos, Natália Barbosa

; Oliveira, Arycelle Alves de

; Araujo, Francisca Soares de

Floresta e Ambiente

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2020, Volume 27 N. 2 elocation e20190058

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Although the conservation of tropical biodiversity depends on protected areas, there is still a very large ‘gap’ of knowledge on the flora of Brazilian reserves, especially in the Northeast region of Brazil. Field and herbarium surveys of the phanerogamic flora of the Ubajara National Park, located on the Brazilian Northeast, were made and analyses on phenology and dispersal syndromes were performed. 418 taxa (213 trees and shrubs, 100 terrestrial herbs, 68 climbing plants, 33 sub-shrubs, two epiphytes, one hemiparasite and one aquatic herb) were recorded. The most representative families were: Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Asteraceae, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae. The annual flowering / fruiting peak hypothesis was not fully confirmed, therefore, the forest may be an important food resource for the fauna all year long (especially in the moister region). Zoochory was the predominant dispersal syndrome in the moister area, whereas, autochory and anemochory together, predominated in the drier area.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.005819 1144 downloads

Spatial patterns of two co-occurring savanna and forest tree species in a dense fire-protected savanna fragment
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Costa, Rafael Carvalho da

; Santos, Flavio Antonio Maës dos

Acta Botanica Brasilica

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dec 2016, Volume 30 N. 4 Pages 577 - 584

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Savanna-forest transition under fire-exclusion could be explained by differential competitive performance of savanna and forest species under shading/fire-exclusion. Aiming to understand strategies related to either habitat affinity, we investigated spatial patterns of a savanna and a forest species in a fire-protected savanna. We predicted that: savanna species would have lower abundance than the forest species due to a restriction in the number of open microsites; segregation of size classes and a trend from clumping to regularity with size for forest species due to absence of microsite limitation and intra-specifc competition; and spatial association and increasing clustering with size for savanna species due to microsite limitation. To test these predictions, we described spatial patterns of plants in two size classes in three plots of 0.5 ha. We analyzed spatial patterns and associations of size classes using SADIE methodology. Different from what we expected, both species were more abundant among the studied plots and exhibited an increasing aggregation from small to large size classes. We also found a positive spatial association between size classes of both. These results suggest that both savanna and forest species produce similar spatial patterns independently of habitat affinity. We discuss the possible processes responsible for the observed patterns.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062016abb0137 4384 downloads

Effect of water stress on seedling growth in two species with different abundances: the importance of Stress Resistance Syndrome in seasonally dry tropical forest
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Ferreira, Wanessa Nepomuceno

; Lacerda, Claudivan Feitosa de

; Costa, Rafael Carvalho da

; Medeiros Filho, Sebastião

Acta Botanica Brasilica

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sep 2015, Volume 29 N. 3 Pages 375 - 382

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACTIn seasonally dry tropical forests, species carrying attributes of Stress Resistance Syndrome (SRS) may have ecological advantages over species demanding high quantities of resources. In such forests, Poincianella bracteosa is abundant, while Libidibia ferrea has low abundance; therefore, we hypothesized that P. bracteosa has characteristics of low-resource species, while L. ferrea has characteristics of high-resource species. To test this hypothesis, we assessed morphological and physiological traits of seedlings of these species under different water regimes (100%, 70%, 40%, and 10% field capacity) over 85 days. For most of the studied variables we observed significant decreases with increasing water stress, and these reductions were greater in L. ferrea. As expected, L. ferreamaximized their growth with increased water supply, while P. bracteosa maintained slower growth and had minor adjustments in biomass allocation, characteristics representative of low-resource species that are less sensitive to stress. We observed that specific leaf area, biomass allocation to roots, and root/shoot ratio were higher in L. ferrea, while biomass allocation to leaves and photosynthesis were higher in P. bracteosa. Results suggest that the attributes of SRS can facilitate high abundance of P. bracteosa in dry forest.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062014abb0045 4504 downloads

Vegetação, unidades fitoecológicas e diversidade paisagística do estado do Ceará
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Moro, Marcelo Freire

; Macedo, Mariana Bezerra

; Moura-Fé, Marcelo Martins de

; Castro, Antônio Sérgio Farias

; Costa, Rafael Carvalho da

Rodriguésia

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sep 2015, Volume 66 N. 3 Pages 717 - 743

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

ResumoEsse artigo apresenta uma revisão dos tipos vegetacionais do estado do Ceará a partir de sua diversidade paisagística, centrando-se, notadamente, nas condições climáticas e unidades geomorfológicas. Com base em levantamentos de campo, literatura especializada e mapas das unidades fitoecológicas e geomorfológicas, pretendemos expor, de forma didática, a caracterização, distribuição e principais ameaças antrópicas concernentes a cada vegetação. Por fim, utilizamos métodos de análise multivariada para comparar a similaridade de espécies entre os diferentes levantamentos florísticos disponíveis para o estado e discutimos os padrões biogeográficos observados.

AbstractThis article presents a review of the vegetation types occurring in Ceará state, Northeastern Brazil. We explain how climate and geomorphology have produced the different landscapes in Ceará and aim to characterize the main features, distribution and anthropogenic threats for each vegetation type. To achieve this we performed fieldwork and evaluated available maps and the literature in order to summarize the main attributes of each vegetation type. We also compiled floristic surveys for Ceará state and used multivariate analysis to compare the similarity of species composition among the different phytoecological units and to interpret the biogeographical patters observed.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566305 25092 downloads

Physiognomy and structure of a caatinga with Cordia oncocalyx (Boraginaceae), a new type of community in Andrade-Lima's classification of caatingas
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Costa, Rafael Carvalho da

; Araújo, Francisca Soares de

Rodriguésia

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jun 2012, Volume 63 N. 2 Pages 269 - 276

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Recentemente foi proposta a inclusão de fisionomias com Cordia oncocalyx Allemão (Boraginaceae) como um novo tipo/unidade à classificação de caatingas de Andrade-Lima (CFFAL). Porém, nenhum estudo avaliou quantitativamente essa proposta. Este estudo visou descrever a fisionomia e estrutura de uma caatinga com C. oncocalyx comparando-a a outros estudos para verificar diferenças estruturais e fisionômicas. Amostrou-se 1795 indivíduos de 25 espécies, somando uma área basal de 35,26 m². C. oncocalyx e Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (Fabaceae) representaram 48% do VI total. A fisionomia foi caracterizada pelo predomínio de indivíduos de altura intermediária (3‒4 m) e concentração de área basal nos indivíduos altos (> 8 m). Dentre as cinco espécies com maior valor de importância (VI), apenas uma teve frequência alta dentre as cinco espécies de maior VI de levantamentos compilados (16/35). Desses levantamentos, apenas dois eram comparáveis a este estudo e só um pôde ser classificado conforme a CFFAL, inserindo-se dentre caatingas arbóreas abertas. Nesse caso, a comunidade era densa e dominada por indivíduos finos e baixos, em contraste à caatinga aqui estudada. Os resultados indicam a adequação da inclusão das caatingas com C. oncocalyx dentre caatingas florestais médias e baixas da CFFAL. Porém, o baixo número de estudos comparáveis limita o alcance de generalizações.

Recently, the inclusion of physiognomies with Cordia oncocalyx Allemão (Boraginaceae) as a new type/unit within Andrade-Lima's classification of caatingas (ALFPC) has been proposed. However, no study has quantitatively analyzed this proposal so far. In order to fill this gap, a phytosociological study was conducted in a caatinga with C. oncocalyx, and differences in structure and physiognomy in relation to compiled caatinga studies were verified. 1795 plants from 25 species and a total basal area of 35.26 m² were found. C. oncocalyx and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. (Fabaceae) had 48% of total importance index (IV). The physiognomy was characterized by the predominance of individuals of intermediate height (3‒4 m) and the tallest ones accounted for the highest fraction of basal area. Of the five species with highest IV, only one had high frequency among the species with highest IV in the compiled studies (16/35). Only two of these compiled studies were comparable to the present study, and only one could be classified according to ALFPC. A contrast between that study and the present one was found, as the first reports a dense community with high number of small diameter individuals accounting for most of the basal area. These findings suggest the suitability of including C. oncocalyx caatingas in low and medium caatinga forests as proposed in ALFPC. However, the low number of comparable studies limits generalizations.

2444 downloads Cited 4 times in SciELO

Floristics and life-forms along a topographic gradient, central-western Ceará, Brazil
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Araújo, Francisca Soares de

; Costa, Rafael Carvalho da

; Lima, Jacira Rabelo

; Vasconcelos, Sandra Freitas de

; Girão, Luciana Coe

; Souza Sobrinho, Melissa

; Bruno, Morgana Maria Arcanjo

; Souza, Sarah Sued Gomes de

; Nunes, Edson Paula

; Figueiredo, Maria Angélica

; Lima-Verde, Luiz Wilson

; Loiola, Maria Iracema Bezerra

Rodriguésia

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jun 2011, Volume 62 N. 2 Pages 341 - 366

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Para verificar se a composição florística constitui unidades discretas ou contínuas ao longo de um gradiente topográfico foram analisadas três fitofisionomias (caatinga sobre altitudes de 300 a 500 m, floresta decídua sobre altitudes de 500 a 700 m e carrasco sobre atitudes de 700 m) sobre classes de solos distintas no semiárido setentrional do Nordeste do Brasil. Em cada fisionomia foi realizado o levantamento das espécies, as quais foram classificadas em formas de vida e de crescimento. A riqueza de espécies foi maior na floresta decídua (250) do que no carrasco (136) e na caatinga (137). A caatinga apresentou poucas espécies em comum com as fitofisionomias de carrasco ou de floresta decídua (6 e 18 espécies). A maior sobreposição de espécies ocorreu entre a floresta decídua e o carrasco, 62 espécies. Foram exclusivas da caatinga, floresta decídua e do carrasco, 104, 161 e 59 espécies, respectivamente. Quanto às formas de crescimento, nas fisionomias sobre relevo sedimentar com Latossolo e Arenosolo predominaram espécies lenhosas: 124 na floresta decídua e 68 no carrasco. Na caatinga sobre relevo do embasamento cristalino com predominância de Planossolo, a maior riqueza de espécies (69) foi de ervas. Na análise comparativa do espectro biológico com outras formações brasileiras, o de caatinga se destacou dos demais, constituindo uma unidade individualizada pela maior proporção de terófitos e caméfitos. Em relação à flora das três fisionomias, objeto deste estudo, pode-se afirmar que a da caatinga representa uma unidade discreta.

Abstract To test whether the flora is organized in discrete or continuous units along a topographic gradient, three physiognomies were assessed on different soil classes in a semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil: caatinga (xeric shrubland) at altitudes from 300 to 500 m, deciduous forest at altitudes from 500 to 700 m and carrasco (deciduous shrubland) at 700 m. In each physiognomy a species inventory was carried out, and plants were classified according to life- and growth-forms. Species richness was higher in the deciduous forest (250) than in the carrasco (136) and caatinga (137). The caatinga shared only a few species with the carrasco (6 species) and the deciduous forest (18 species). The highest species overlap was between the deciduous forest and the carrasco (62 species). One hundred and four species occurred only in the caatinga, 161 only in the deciduous forest and 59 only in the carrasco. Woody species predominated in physiognomies on sedimentary soils with latosol and arenosol: 124 species occurred in the deciduous forest and 68 in the carrasco. In the caatinga on crystalline basement relief with predominance of planosol, herbs showed the highest species richness (69). Comparing the biological spectrum of Brazilian plant life-forms, the caatinga stood out with higher proportion of therophytes and chamaephytes. Considering the flora of the three phytophysiognomies studied here, we can affirm that the caatinga is a discrete floristic unit.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201162210 1708 downloads

Padrões espaciais de Qualea grandiflora Mart. em fragmentos de cerrado no estado de São Paulo
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Costa, Rafael Carvalho da

; Santos, Flavio Antonio Maës dos

Acta Botanica Brasilica

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mar 2011, Volume 25 N. 1 Pages 215 - 222

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A descrição dos padrões espaciais é importante para se elaborar hipóteses sobre a dinâmica de populações vegetais. Nosso objetivo foi verificar diferenças nos padrões espaciais de classes de tamanho de Q. grandiflora dentro e entre fragmentos com diferentes fisionomias de cerrado. Para isso descrevemos e comparamos os padrões espaciais do número de plantas por subparcela (5 x 5 m) em seis parcelas de 0,5 ha em quatro fragmentos. Descrevemos os padrões para duas classes de tamanho utilizando correlogramas com o índice I de Moran e testamos associações espaciais entre classes pelo teste de Mantel parcial. A abundância variou de 18 a 319 plantas 0,5 ha-1. Plantas maiores (altura > 1,5 m) tiveram padrões agregados em todos os casos, com números e tamanhos das escalas de agregação variando independentemente da fisionomia. Somente em três parcelas foi possível descrever os padrões espaciais de plantas menores, onde foram aleatórios. Nesses casos, houve duas associações significativas positivas entre classes e uma não significativa. As diferenças de abundância e padrão espacial entre parcelas foram tão grandes no mesmo fragmento quanto entre fragmentos, indicando que a estrutura espacial de Q. grandiflora é imprevisível com base na fisionomia. A transição aleatório-agregado e a associação espacial entre classes indicam que mortalidade dependente de densidade não parece ser importante na dinâmica de Q. grandiflora, sendo a estrutura espacial dos locais adequados ao recrutamento para maturidade um possível fator mais importante.

The study of spatial patterns is a helpful approach to formulating hypotheses about plant population dynamics. Our aim was to search for variation in spatial patterns of Q. grandiflora height classes at different scales within and among fragments of different cerrado physiognomies. Spatial patterns of the number of plants in subplots (5 x 5 m) were described and compared among six 0.5-ha plots placed in four fragments. We performed Moran's I correlogram analysis to describe spatial patterns and tested spatial correlations of height classes by partial Mantel tests. We found 18 to 319 plants 0.5 ha-1. Larger plants (height >1.5 m) had a clumped pattern in all plots, varying in numbers and magnitudes of scales independently of the physiognomy. Correlogram analysis for smaller plants was possible in only three plots, where patterns were random. In two of these cases there was significant positive correlation of size classes but in the third it was not significant. Abundance and spatial patterns were as different within the same fragment as in different ones. These results show that Q. grandiflora spatial patterns cannot be predicted based on overall characteristics of cerrado physiognomy. The random-to-clumped transition with size and the spatial association of classes suggest that density dependent mortality does not seem to be an important driver of Q. grandiflora dynamics, and that spatial structure of suitable sites for recruitment to maturity may be more important.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062011000100025 3021 downloads Cited 3 times in SciELO

Densidade, germinação e flora do banco de sementes no solo, no final da estação seca, em uma área de caatinga, Quixadá, CE
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Costa, Rafael Carvalho da

; Araújo, Francisca Soares de

Acta Botanica Brasilica

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jun 2003, Volume 17 N. 2 Pages 259 - 264

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Este trabalho objetiva conhecer a densidade, riqueza e curva de germinação do banco de sementes no solo em uma área de caatinga. Em uma única amostragem aleatória, no final da estação seca (outubro/novembro/1999) dentro da área de 1ha, foram coletadas 100 amostras de solo na serrapilheira à profundidade de 05cm, e 80 amostras na profundidade de 5-10cm. A área estudada localiza-se na Fazenda Não Me Deixes (RPPN - Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural), município de Quixadá, CE. Foram calculadas a densidade de sementes e a curva de germinação do banco, pelo método de emergência de plântulas. Também foi feita a determinação da composição florística baseada principalmente na morfologia das plântulas. A densidade total do banco foi 807 sem.m-2. Na serrapilheira, 0-5cm e 5-10cm foram encontradas 352 sem.m-2, 304 sem.m-2 e 108 sem.m², respectivamente. Quanto à curva de germinação, mais de 88% das sementes germinaram nas quatro primeiras semanas, porém algumas sementes continuaram germinando por até 14 semanas. Foram determinadas 40 morfoespécies diferentes de plântulas. A germinação de cerca de 88% das sementes nas primeiras quatro semanas indica que a maioria das sementes da caatinga estão aptas a germinar no início das chuvas e possivelmente devem perder a dormência, se tiverem, no decorrer do período seco.

This study investigated density, germinability and floristic composition of the soil seed bank in an area of caatinga (thorny deciduous woodland). Random soil samples were collected in a single sampling at Fazenda Não Me Deixes, Quixadá, CE, from litter (n=100), 0-5cm depth layer (n=100) and 510cm layer (n=80). The seedling emergence method was used to determine density and germination curve. The floristic composition was determined using seedling morphology. The total density of the bank was 807 seeds.m² and specific densities were 352 seeds.m-2 (litter), 304 seeds.m-2 (0-5cm) and 108 seeds.m-2 (5-10cm). Most of the seeds germinated between the first and fourth weeks: 91% (n=1278 ; litter), 88% (n=1061 ; 0-5cm depth) and 89% (n=307; 5-10 depth), but some seeds germinated for up to 14th week. We determined 40 different morphospecies. The germination of about 88% of the seeds between the first and fourth week suggests that most caatinga seeds germinate at the onset of the favorable season, probably losing dormancy, if it exits, during the dry season.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062003000200008 4743 downloads Cited 11 times in SciELO

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