Abstract The RMAX chart was proposed to control the covariance matrix of two quality characteristics. The monitoring statistic of the RMAX chart is the maximum of two standardized sample ranges from bivariate observations of two quality characteristics. In this article, we investigate the performance of two synthetic RMAX charts. The first synthetic chart signals when a second point, not far from the first one, falls beyond the warning limit. The second synthetic chart additionally signals when a sample point falls beyond the control limit. The performance of the synthetic RMAX charts are compared with the performance of the standard RMAX chart and the generalized variance S chart. The proposed charts are the best option to detect moderate or even small changes in the covariance matrix. To detect large changes in the covariance matrix, additional run rules are not necessary.

Resumo O gráfico RMAX foi proposto para o monitoramento da matriz de covariâncias de duas características de qualidade. A estatística de monitoramento RMAX é o maior valor entre duas amplitudes amostrais padronizadas oriundas de observações bivariadas de duas características de qualidade. Neste artigo, investigou-se o desempenho de dois gráficos RMAX com regras especiais de decisão. O primeiro gráfico sinaliza quando um segundo ponto, não muito distante do primeiro, cai acima do limite de advertência. O segundo gráfico também sinaliza quando um ponto cai acima do limite de controle. O desempenho dos gráficos RMAX com regras especiais de decisão foram comparados com o gráfico RMAX tradicional e o gráfico da variância amostral generalizada S. Os gráficos propostos são melhores para detectar moderadas ou até mesmo pequenas perturbações na matriz de covariâncias. Para detectar grandes perturbações na matriz de covariâncias, não é necessário adicionar regras especiais de decisão.

RESUMO O feijão-caupi verde é uma importante alternativa para a geração de emprego e renda para os agricultores familiares, contribuindo para expansão de sua produção e consumo. No entanto, fatores bióticos como insetos, fungos, bactérias, nematoides e vírus têm limitado sua produção, destacando-se os vírus Cowpea Severe Mosaic Virus (CPSMV) e Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV). O controle mais eficiente desses vírus é por meio da utilização de variedades resistentes, porém poucas são as variedades destinadas para a produção de feijão verde que são resistentes. Dessa forma, objetivou-se desenvolver e identificar linhagens superiores de feijão-caupi quanto à resistência simultânea aos vírus CPSMV e CABMV com características associadas à produção de grãos verdes. Foram realizados cruzamentos em casa de vegetação no Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco-AIP entre os genótipos Sempre Verde Salgueiro (suscetível), CNC-0434 (imune ao CPSMV) e TVu-966 (resistente ao CABMV). A partir dos cruzamentos foram selecionadas 50 linhagens F2:5 com coloração do grão tipo Sempre Verde, sendo avaliada a resistência aos vírus em casa de vegetação e as suas características agronômicas para produção de grãos verdes em experimento na Estação Experimental do AIP em Belém do São Francisco-PE. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados completos, com três repetições. As linhagens L300.026, L300.039, L300.040 e L300.049 mostraram-se resistentes a ambos os vírus e possuem elevado potencial para a produção de grãos verdes; o índice de seleção de Mulamba e Mock facilitou a seleção de linhagens superiores e promissoras para futuro lançamentos de novas variedades resistentes destinadas à produção de grãos verdes.

ABSTRACT Green cowpea is an important alternative for generating employment and income for family farmers and helps broaden production and consumption of the grain. However, biotic factors such as insects, fungi, bacteria, nematodes and viruses have hampered production, especially the Cowpea Severe Mosaic Virus (CPSMV) and Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus (CABMV). The most efficient control of these viruses is via the use of resistant varieties, but few varieties intended for green-grain production are resistant. As such, the aim of this study was to develop and identify superior strains of cowpea in terms of joint resistance to the CPSM and CABM viruses that show characteristics associated with green-grain production. Crosses were carried out in a greenhouse at the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco (AIP) between the following genotypes: Sempre Verde Salgueiro (susceptible), CNC-0434 (immune to CPSMV) and TVu-966 (resistant to CABMV). From these crosses, fifty F2:5 strains with the Sempre Verde type of grain colouring were selected, their resistance to the viruses assessed in a greenhouse, and their agronomic characteristics for green-grain production evaluated in an experiment at the Experimental Station of the AIP in Belém do São Francisco, Pernambuco. The experimental design was of completely randomised blocks, with three replications. The L300.026, L300.039, L300.040 and L300.049 strains proved to be resistant to both viruses, with a high potential for green-grain production. The Mulamba-Mock selection index facilitated the selection of superior strains that are promising for the future launch of new resistant varieties destined for the production of green grains.

ABSTRACT. The goal of this study was to determine the essential fatty acids of the total lipids of the fillet, head and orbital cavity tissue from farmed tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fish from a Brazilian Amazon area. The tambaqui were acquired from different fish farms in the Roraima state, located at Western Brazilian Amazon. The meat, the head and the fatty tissue from orbital cavity were dissected for lipid extraction and analysis of fatty acids by gas chromatography. The fatty acids were quantified in mg g-1 of total lipids using C23:0 as an internal standard. The nutritional quality of the lipids was determined by using the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices, and also by the ratio between hypocholesterolemic / hypercholesterolemic fatty acids. The orbital cavity tissue had the higher concentration amount of linoleic and α-linolenic acid, whereas the fillet had higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentration was: 1.28, 0.97, 1.71 mg g-1 of total lipids, in the filet, in head, and in orbital cavity tissue, respectively. All essential fatty acids were detected in the three parts analyzed. The nutritional quality of the total lipids from the head and from the orbital cavity tissue was similar to the fillet.

Resumen Nasutitermes corniger es una termita arbórea que causa daños económicos en las zonas urbanas, y su control es mediante insecticidas químicos. Una alternativa para el control de insectos es el uso de hongos entomopatógenos y extractos de plantas, o el efecto sinérgico de la asociación de estos. Se examinó la toxicidad de los extractos acuosos e hidroetanólicos de Agave sisalana sobre los aspectos biológicos de los hongos Cordyceps farinosa, C. fumosorosea y C. javanica y la acción de los extractos y su efecto sinérgico sobre N. corniger. Se evaluó el efecto de los extractos sobre hongos por germinación, esporulación y crecimiento micelial de los hongos en medio Sabouraud mediante el estudio de aspectos biológicos bajo condiciones de laboratorio y se examinó el control de N. corniger, por ingestión de extractos y de la asociación extracto y hongo sobre papel de filtro, siendo el porcentaje de mortalidad de soldados y obreras de la termita diaria. En general, los extractos resultaron inofensivos para los hongos a concentraciones de 10, 25, 50, 100 y 200 mg.mL-1. Los extractos demostraron acciones termiticidas a las concentraciones ensayadas, provocando la mortalidad de alrededor del 100% de los trabajadores después del tercer y sexto día (LC50: 0.778 a 0.803 mg.mL-1) y del 100% de los soldados entre el cuarto y séptimo días (LC50: 0.146 a 0.956 mg.mL-1). La asociación de los extractos con C. farinosa ESALQ1355 fue más eficiente para inducir la mortalidad en N. corniger. Estos resultados demostraron la eficiencia in vitro de los extractos de sisal en el control de las termitas de N. corniger, solas o en combinación con hongos, lo que sugiere su potencial utilidad conjunta en el control biológico de plagas de insectos.

Abstract Nasutitermes corniger is an arboreal termite that causes economic damage in urban areas, and its control is for chemical insecticides. An alternative for insect control is the use of entomopathogenic fungi and plant extracts, or the synergistic effect of the association of these. The toxicity of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Agave sisalana on the biological aspects of the fungal Cordyceps farinosa, C. fumosorosea and C. javanica and the action of the extracts and their synergistic effect on N. corniger was examined. The effect of the extracts on fungi was evaluated by germination, sporulation and mycelial growth of fungi in Sabouraud medium through the study of biological aspects under laboratory conditions; and control of N. corniger were examined, by ingestion of extracts and of the association extract plus fungus on filter paper, being the percentage of mortality of soldiers and workers of the termite daily. In general, the extracts were inoffensive to the fungi at concentrations 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg.mL-1. The extracts demonstrated termiticidal actions at concentrations tested, causing the mortalities about 100% of the workers after the third and sixth days (LC50: 0.778 to 0.803 mg.mL-1) and 100% of the soldiers between the fourth and seventh days (LC50:0.146 to 0.956 mg.mL-1). The association of the extracts with C. farinosa ESALQ1355 was more efficient in inducing the mortality in N. corniger. These results demonstrated the efficiency in vitro of the sisal extracts in controlling N. corniger termites, alone or in combination with fungi, suggesting their potential joint usefulness in the biological control of insect pests.

Abstract We address the cross-state indebtedness (DCL/RCL) variation connectedness using 89 bimonthly data from 2006b6 to 2021b4, based on the indices proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2009, 2012, 2014). This framework enables us to infer about the direction, and the strength of bilateral spillovers for a large number of simultaneously interacting variables in a clear and compact manner. We are able to identify the most influential states in each region, as well as the region with the highest total connectedness. This empirical exercise allows us to discuss the possible influence between state governments in conducting public policies associated with indebtedness. The results help us to better understand the consequences of total and directional indebtedness spillover across states in Brazil.

Resumo Objetivo Estudo anatômico das raízes usadas na transferência nervosa de C4 para C5 nas lesões altas do plexo braquial, com demonstração da técnica cirúrgica. Métodos Dissecção de 15 plexos braquiais de cadáveres de ambos os sexos, registro e análise das características morfológicas das raízes de C4 e C5 e simulação de neurotização. Resultados As características morfológicas encontradas nas raízes de C4 e C5 em todas as dissecções permitiram a mobilização das mesmas e a realização de uma neurotização sem a necessidade de usar enxerto nervoso. A técnica cirúrgica permitiu preservar ramos nervosos importantes na região abordada. Conclusão Com base nos dados encontrados no presente estudo, podemos concluir que é possível realizar a transferência entre C4 e C5 sem provocar déficit neurológico adicional nas lesões altas de plexo braquial.

Abstract Objective This is an anatomical study of C4 and C5 roots for nerve transfers in upper brachial plexus injuries, with surgical technique demonstration. Methods Fifteen brachial plexuses from both male and female cadavers were dissected. Morphological features of C4 and C5 roots were recorded and analyzed, followed by a neurotization simulation. Results In all dissections, C4 and C5 roots morphological features allowed their mobilization and neurotization with no need for a nerve graft. The surgical technique spared important regional nerve branches. Conclusion Based on these data, we conclude that C4-C5 nerve transfers are feasible and result in no additional neurological deficit in upper brachial plexus injuries.

RESUMO O artigo aborda intercâmbios entre intelectuais do Norte e do Nordeste do Brasil, direta ou indiretamente ligados ao estudo do boi bumbá, como pauta da pesquisa folclórica promovida por Mário de Andrade. São analisadas obras de escritores baseados no Pará nos anos de 1920 e 1930 dedicadas ao que concebiam como folclore amazônico, bem como cartas enviadas por literatos e músicos situados na Amazônia para Mário de Andrade, a partir de sua viagem ao Norte do país em 1927 até o ano de 1943. O estudo propõe-se a entender a oscilação entre dois modos de tratamento do tema do boi bumbá amazônico como folclore: o uso de registros das canções de cordões de bois para o desenvolvimento da arte erudita nacional e as apresentações de bumbás como objeto de estudo da pesquisa etnográfica.

ABSTRACT This article discusses exchanges between Brazilian intellectuals from the north and northeast directly or indirectly related to studies of boi bumbá within Mário de Andrade’s research agenda. This article analysis the work of writers based in Pará during the 1920s and 30s, focusing on their conception of Amazonian folklore, as well as letters sent by literati and musicians from Amazônia to Mário de Andrade during his journey to the country’s north from 1927 to 1943. This article addresses the oscillation between two ways of treating the Amazonian boi bumbá as folklore: using registered songs from boi troupes to develop national scholarly art, and the exhibitions of bumbás as a focus of ethnographic research.

RESUMEN El artículo aborda intercambios entre intelectuales del Norte y del Noreste de Brasil, directa o indirectamente relacionados al estudio del boi bumbá como pauta de investigación folclórica promovida por Mário de Andrade. Son analizadas obras de escritores basados en Pará en los años 1920 y 1930 dedicadas a lo que concebían como folklore amazónico, bien como cartas enviadas por literatos y músicos situados en la Amazonia para Mário de Andrade, a partir de su viaje al Norte del país en 1927 hasta el año 1943. El estudio se propone entender la oscilación entre los dos modos de tratamiento del tema del boi bumbá amazónico como folklore: el uso de los registros de las canciones de cordones de bois para el desarrollo del arte erudito nacional y las presentaciones de bumbás como objeto de estudio de investigación etnográfica.

ABSTRACT Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious viral disease commonly associated to Enteroviruses (EV). During 2018, Brazil faced massive HFMD outbreaks spread across the country. This study aimed to characterize the EV responsible for the HFMD outbreak that occurred in Paraiba State, Brazilian Northeastern region, in 2018, followed by a phylogenetic analysis to detail information on its genetic diversity. A total of 49 serum samples (one from each patient) collected from children ≤ 15 years old, clinically diagnosed with HFMD were tested for EV using conventional RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. EV infection was confirmed in 71.4% (35/49) of samples. The mean and median ages were 1.83 years and one year old, respectively. Twenty-two EV-positive samples were successfully sequenced and classified as EV-A species; 13 samples were also identified with the CV-A6 genotype. The phylogenetic analysis (VP1 region) of three samples revealed that the detected CV-A6 strains belonged to sub-lineage D3. The CV-A6 strains detected here clustered with strains from South America, Europe and West Asia strains that were also involved in HFMD cases during the 2017-2018 seasons, in addition to the previously detected Brazilian CV-A6 strains from 2012 to 2017, suggesting a global co-circulation of a set of different CV-A6 strains introduced in the country at different times. The growing circulation of the emerging CV-A6 associated with HFMD, together with the detection of more severe cases worldwide, suggests the need for a more intense surveillance system of HFMD in Brazil. In addition, this investigation was performed exclusively on serum samples, and the analysis of whole blood samples should be considered and could have shown advantages when employed in the diagnosis of enteroviral HFMD outbreaks.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to find sources of resistance to damping-off and to determine the inheritance of resistance in watermelon. Firstly, 72 watermelon accessions were inoculated with CMM 1053 isolate of Rhizoctonia solani. Only two accessions (BGH 29 and BGH 76) were considered moderately resistant to the disease. The inoculated plants without symptoms from accession BGH-29 identified as resistant were self-fertilized and the inbred line S1 was used for the crosses. The reaction to R. solani after inoculation of the segregating populations of the cross and backcrosses between susceptible cultivar Crimson Sweet and the inbred line BGH-29 was evaluated. In other experiment eight S1 lines of watermelon were inoculated with six different isolates of R. solani and the reaction was evaluated by partial diallel analysis using the Griffing’s method IV to obtain estimates of general resistance ability (GRA), general aggressiveness ability (GAA), and specific interaction ability (SIA). According to ratings of the susceptible and resistant parents, generations F1, F2, BC1 (F1 × P1) and BC2 (F1 × P2), resistance to damping-off was conferred by at least nine genes with additive effect and low heritability which indicates polygenic inheritance. The results of the diallel analysis corroborate with the analysis of segregating population, indicating inheritance of resistance was horizontal, since 46.1% of the total sum of squares of the variation observed in the crosses was due to GRA, while the SIA corresponded to only 20.39% of variation. This is the first report about inheritance of resistance to damping-off caused by R. solani in watermelon.

RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar o ângulo palmar cortical (APC) da extremidade distal do rádio, sua variação nas colunas lateral e intermédia, o formato e o padrão da watershed line (WL) e sua correlação com as placas volares bloqueadas disponíveis no mercado. Métodos: Foram analisados 27 ossos rádios do Departamento de Morfologia e nove placas de seis fabricantes diferentes. Medimos os APCs das colunas lateral e intermédia dos rádios e seus correspondentes nas placas, além de compararmos o relevo do terço distal do rádio e das placas. Quanto a WL, comparamos o formato nas peças e seu equivalente nas placas, sendo classificados em quatro tipos: biconvexo, convexo, convexo ulnar e plano. Resultados: O APC variou entre as colunas do rádio, sendo a média da coluna lateral 153,40° e, da intermédia 146,06°. Quatro das nove placas não apresentaram variação na angulação volar. Dos 27 rádios, 13 apresentaram padrão convexo e 12 biconvexo, enquanto a maioria das placas (sete das nove analisadas) tinham desenho biconvexo. Conclusão: A anatomia dos rádios foi variável entre as peças, sendo a coluna intermédia mais inclinada que a coluna lateral. A placa Synthes ® -2 foi a que apresentou relevo mais próximo dos achados anatômicos da extremidade distal do rádio, seguida pela Newclip ® -2. Nível de Evidência II, Estudo Anatômico Descritivo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the volar cortical angle (VCA), the variation in lateral and intermediate columns, the shape and pattern of the watershed line (WL) of the distal radius and its correlation with locking volar plates available. Methods: 27 human cadaveric radial bones of the Department of Morphology and nine locking volar plates of six different companies were analyzed. VCA were measured from lateral and intermediate columns and their corresponding values on plates, as well as comparing the relief of radius and plates. In the WL analysis, we compared the standard format found on the radius and its equivalent on plates and divided into four types: biconvex, convex, ulnar convex and plan. Results: VCA varied between columns of the distal radius extremity. The mean in the lateral column was 153.40 degrees and 146.06 degrees in the intermediate. Four of nine plates showed no variation in volar angulation. From 27 distal radius, 13 showed convex pattern and 12 had biconvex, whereas most plates (seven of the nine analyzed) were biconvex drawing. Conclusion: Radial bone anatomy was variable. The intermediate column was, on average, steeper than lateral column. Synthes®-2 plate presented the closest design to the anatomy of the distal end of the radial bone, followed by Newclip®-2 plate. Level of Evidence II, Anatomic and Descriptive Study.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar diferentes métodos para estimar a herdabilidade em 30 linhagens de guandu das gerações F3, F4, F5 e F6, para nove variáveis. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e 20 plantas por parcela. Estimou-se a herdabilidade no sentido amplo por meio de análise de variância (ANOVA) [h2b-E(MS)], máxima verossimilhança restrita/melhor predição linear não viciada (REML/BLUP) (h2b-REML), regressão pai-filho (h2PO) e unidade do desvio-padrão (h2UP). As estimativas de h2b-E(MS) e h2b-REML foram de magnitude próxima para sete das variáveis analisadas. Para maior controle genético e facilidade na seleção, valores de h2b-E(MS) e h2b-REML >0,70 foram estimados para duas variáveis em quatro gerações, duas variáveis em três gerações, três variáveis em duas gerações e uma variável em uma geração. Valores de h2UP e h2PO >0,70 foram obtidos para quatro e cinco variáveis, respectivamente. As estimativas via regressão ou correlação pai-filho mostraram alguns valores fora da variação esperada de 0 a 1. Os métodos ANOVA [h2b-E(MS)] e REML/BLUP [h2b-REML] são os melhores para estimar a herdabilidade em guandu.

Abstract The objective of this work was to compare different methods to estimate heritability in 30 pigeon pea families from the F3, F4, F5, and F6 generations, for nine variables. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replicates and 20 plants per plot. Broad-sense heritability was estimated by the analysis of variance ( A N O V A) [ h 2b-E(MS)], restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction (REML/BLUP) (h2b-REML), parent-offspring regression (h2PO), and standard deviation unit (h2UP). The h2b-E(MS) and h2b-REML estimates were similar for seven of the analyzed variables. For a higher genetic control and easier selection, values of h2b-E(MS) and h2b-REML >0.70 were estimated for two variables in four generations, two variables in three generations, three variables in two generations, and one variable in one generation. Values of h2UP and h2PO >0.70 were obtained for four and five variables, respectively. The estimates via regression or parent-offspring correlation showed some values outside the expected range of 0 to 1. The ANOVA [h2b-E(MS)] and REML/BLUP [h2b-REML] methods are the best to estimate pigeon pea heritability.

Abstract Studies involving the magnetic susceptibility (MS) of rocks are becoming increasingly frequent in geological surveys, mainly in those with petrogenetic approaches and in mineral prospecting. Portable devices have become a good alternative for data acquisition because of their practicality and low cost when compared to laboratory analyses. To assess the efficiency of data acquisition with such devices, 291 soil samples were measured with a Terra Plus KT-5 portable device in the field and with a double frequency Bartington MS2B sensor, with mass correction, in the laboratory. The data obtained allowed the characterization of four distinct populations, ranging from high to very low MS values. Statistical analysis showed good correlation between measurements with mass correction in the laboratory and those made with portable devices, resulting in a correlation coefficient (r) = 0.98. All samples obtained in the field and laboratory were utilized in this correlation. The populations identified by both means are in agreement, with subtle discrepancies, thereby demonstrating the efficiency of portable equipment for acquisition of MS data in geological studies.

RESUMO A murcha de Fusarium, causada por Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum (Fot), reduz a produtividade de feijão-caupi. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar genotipos com resistência à Fot oriundos do banco germoplasma do Instituto agronômico de Pernambuco, Embrapa Meio Norte e outras regiões produtoras da região Nordeste e Norte do Brasil. A cultivar BR-17 Gurguéia foi utilizada como controle suscetivel e a MNC01-649F-2-1 como controle resistente. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em casa de vegetação pertencente ao Departamento de Agronomia da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Plantas apresentando o primeiro par de folhas desenvolvidas foram inoculadas com uma suspensão de conidios (106 conídios/mL) utilizando a metodologia de imersão de raízes. A severidade da murcha de Fusarium foi determinada aos 21 dias após a inoculação através de uma escala descritiva. No primeiro experimento foi avaliado a resistência de 38 genotipos de feijão-caupi, sendo que 19 genotipos (5 moderadamente resistentes e 14 resistentes) foram selecionados para o segundo experimento. No primeiro experimento 4 genotipos (Canapu PE, Miranda IPA 207, Esperança e BRS Pujante) apresentaram ausência de sintomas. Para o segundo experimento, 15 genotipos apresentaram alto nível de resistência à infecção por Fot, com destaque para Canapu PE e Miranda IPA 207, aos quais novamente apresentaram ausência de sintomas de murcha. Em conclusão, este estudo identificou que os genotipos Canapu PE, Miranda IPA 207, Esperança e BRS Pujante apresentam maior resistência à murcha de Fusarium.

ABSTRACT Fusarium wilt, caused by soil-borne Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum (Fot), can reduce cowpea bean yield. Considering that genetic control through resistant genotypes is pivotal for Fusarium wilt control, the aim of the present study was to identify cowpea genotypes that are resistant to Fot from the Germplasm Bank of the Pernambuco Agronomic Institute, Embrapa Middle North, and other producing areas in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. The cultivar BR-17 Gurguéia was used as a susceptible control and MNC01-649F-2-1 was used as a resistant control. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design in the greenhouse of the Department of Agronomy of the University Federal Rural of Pernambuco. Plants with the first pair of expanded leaves were inoculated with a conidial suspension (106 conidia/mL) using the conidia root-immersion methodology. Fusarium wilt severity in plants was assessed 21 d after inoculation, with the aid of a descriptive scale. In the first experiment, we evaluated the resistance of 38 cowpea genotypes, of which 19 (5 moderately resistant and 14 resistant) were selected for the second experiment. In the first experiment, four genotypes (Canapu PE, Miranda IPA 207, Esperança, and BRS Pujante) did not show any symptoms of Fusarium wilt. In the second, 15 genotypes showed high resistance to Fot, including Canapu PE and Miranda IPA 207, which again had no symptoms of Fusarium wilt. In conclusion, this study identified that the genotypes, Canapu PE, Miranda IPA 207, Esperança, and BRS Pujante have greater resistance to Fusarium wilt.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between birth weight and excess weight among students aged 6–14 years, adjusted for life course confounding factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 6–14-year-old schoolchildren in 2010; 795 school children from two public schools. In addition, a sub-sample was selected using a case-cohort study approach. Sociodemographic, breastfeeding, food introduction, previous weight gain, family history, current clinical and behavioral variables as well as maternal variables related to pregnancy, were collected. Multivariable weighted logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between birth weight and overweight. All prevalent cases of overweight (n = 160) were selected to compose the case group and a random sub-sample of all students participating in the study (n = 276 students, of whom 88 were cases) were the control group. Results: An unadjusted 6% increase in the excess weight prevalence ratio (p-value = 0.004) was found for each 100 g increase in birth weight. With adjustment for age, sex and behavioral variables (models 1 and 2), the association of birth weight with excess weight was positive and statistically significant, but it was no longer significant in the final model (model 3) when clinical variables were considered. Conclusions: Although some of the secondary associations were statistically significant, we could not identify a significant association between birthweight and excess weight in adolescents.

Resumo: O artigo analisa as repercussões e os sentidos implicados na divulgação jornalística dos encontros de cordões de boi-bumbá na primeira década após a Abolição da Escravidão na cidade de Belém. Encontros eram confrontos cantados e/ou físicos entre cordões nas ruas e praças da cidade, de modo ritualizado e com o objetivo de capturar o boi-artefato do grupo contrário. A nova ordem social marcada pelo trabalho livre, acompanhada pelo fim do Império e instituição da República, promoveu a redefinição da hierarquia entre setores dominantes e subalternos da sociedade. Nesse novo contexto, bumbás, sambas e batuques eram apresentados pela imprensa como casos de polícia e expressões da imoralidade e degeneração dos negros. O momento de mudança nesta conjuntura é marcado pela fundação do Boi Pai do Campo em 1908, que passou a receber atenção nos jornais como meio de entretenimento, junto a outras agremiações de sua época.

Abstract: This article deals with repercussions and senses related to announcements of the printing press concerning the clashes between boi-bumbá groups in Belém between the emancipation of slavery and 1908. These clashes were physical or chanted engagements between bands in procession through streets and squares in a ritual pattern, disposed to capture the ox-like-artifact owned by their challengers. The new social order defined by free labor, simultaneous to the decline the monarchy and the inauguration of the republic, endorsed the rearrangement of hierarchy regarding dominant and subordinate portions of the society. In this new context, bumbá troupes, samba and drumming events were disclosed by the press as police targets and examples of immorality and racial deterioration of black people. The changing moment in this situation was the creation of Boi Pai do Campo in 1908, which caught the press attention as an entertainment business, just as the other existing animals’ festive troupes.