Resumo Geralmente os laboratórios didáticos das escolas de ensino médio e das instituições de ensino que ofertam graduações em Física e áreas correlatas não possuem equipamentos e/ou práticas experimentais sobre hidrodinâmica. Aplicações de relevância tecnológica tais como o tubo de Pitot ou o tubo de Venturi são estudados, geralmente, como simples aplicações matemáticas da Equação de Bernoulli para fluidos ideais. Visando contribuir para a remediação deste problema é proposto nesse artigo a construção de um tubo de Venturi fabricado com materiais de baixo custo e equipado com uma placa microcontroladora Arduino e sensores de pressão modelo BMP280. O aparato proposto nesse artigo permite a visualização de gráficos, gerados em tempo real, da variação da pressão interna em um ponto com o transcorrer do tempo e estabelece relações empíricas entre pressão, velocidade e área do tubo. O aparato já foi utilizado em cursos técnicos integrados do CEFET/Valença e em curso de Física Experimental que compõe a grade curricular da graduação em Engenharia de Alimentos da mesma instituição. Essa prática faz parte de um projeto que visa criar recursos didáticos para desenvolver atividades de ensino baseados no conceito de aprendizagem ativa, utilizando o método Predizer -- Observar -- Explicar (POE).

Abstract Usually, didactic labors inside schools and inside institutions which offers Physics graduations or related areas does not have equipments or experimental practice about hydrodynamics theme. Important technological applies like Pitot or Venturi tubes are considered only from mathematics perspectives without connection between industry or technological fields and the developed theory. This paper proposes a Venturi tube construction using low cost materials to solve at least in part the lack of hydrodynamics experimental practices. The tube is connected to model BMP280 pressure sensors controlled by a microcontroller board arduino. The apparatus allows to print graphics, created in real time, about how pressure changes at a fixed point over time and establish empirics links between pressure, fluid speed and tube area. It had done in technical courses from CEFET/Valença and in an experimental Physics course which composes the Food Engineering grade. This experiment is inside a project that aims to create didactic resources to develop teaching activities supported by learning activities concepts through Predict -- Observe -- Explain method (POE).

Las alteraciones del metabolismo lipídico son un hallazgo constante en la enfermedad renal crónica; siendo la aterogénesis un factor que contribuye al desarrollo de lesión renal, bajo esta premisa se planteo como objetivo, evaluar el comportamiento del perfil lipídico en pacientes con ERC en estadios del 2 al 4. Se realizo un estudio clínico-epidemiológico, descriptivo y transversal, que incluyó 100 pacientes con ERC estadio 2 al 4, que acudieron a la consulta externa de nefrología del Hospital Central de Maracay, durante los meses de abril- junio de 2012. Los Resultados revelaron una edad promedio en los pacientes de 62±14 años, predominando el sexo femenino; una prevalencia de dislipidemia 71%, las alteraciones más relevantes del perfil lipídico por estadios fueron colesterol HDL y no HDL, siendo el estadio 4 con mayor porcentaje 88% HDL (IC: 68 - 97.5) y 80% col no HDL (IC: 59 - 93.2); la asociación de variables como factores de progresión de ERC fue, del estadio 2-3 el IMC ? 25 (OR: 3.12) (IC: 1.02-9.76)y TAS ?130mmHg (OR: 2.20) (IC: 0.63-8.10); del estadio 3-4 col no HDL >130 (OR:3.01) (IC: 0.89-6.96) y colesterol total > 200 mg/dl (OR:2.76) (IC:0.71-7.02). Se concluye que a medida que progresa la enfermedad renal crónica aumentan las alteraciones del perfil lipídico y con ello el riesgo cardiovascular y la determinación del Colesterol no HDL es una herramienta útil para estimar este riesgo.

The lipid metabolisms are a constant finding in chronic kidney disease, atherogenesis being a contributing factor to the development of renal injury. The objective is to evaluate the behavior of the lipid profile in patients with CKD stages 2 to 4. Materials and Methods: Non experimental, field, clinical-epidemiological, descriptive, transversal, included 100 patients with CKD stage 2 to 4, who attended the outpatient nephrology Central Hospital of Maracay, in the months of April, May and June 2012. Results: Mean age was 62 ± 14 years, predominantly female, with 71% prevalence of dyslipidemia, the most significant changes in the lipid profile by stage was relevant to HDL and non-HDL cabbage, stage 4 being the highest percentage with 88% HDL (CI: 68 - 97.5) and 80% non-HDL col (CI: 59 - 93.2), the association of variables as factors of progression of CKD was, the stage of 2-3 BMI ? 25 (OR: 3.12) (IC : 1.02-9.76) and SBP ? 130 mmHg (OR: 2.20) (CI: 0.63-8.10), col 3-4 stadium not HDL> 130 (OR: 3.01) (CI: 0.89-6.96) and total cholesterol> 200 mg / dl (OR: 2.76) (CI :0.71-7 .02). Conclusion: As CKD progresses increase lipid disturbances and thus cardiovascular risk. The calculation of non-HDL Col is a useful tool to estimate this risk.

INTRODUCCIÓN: el propósito del presente estudio (primera fase) fue evaluar clínica y radiográficamente la oseointegración de implantes con regeneración ósea por medio de plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) y hueso liofilizado, colocados en pacientes con pérdida dentoalveolar por trauma en el sector anterior, durante las primeras etapas de cicatrización de tejidos blandos; atendidos en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl (HUSVP) de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. MÉTODOS: se colocaron quince implantes en seis pacientes que sufrieron pérdida dental por trauma en la zona anterior superior e inferior. La colocación de los implantes se realizó entre los ocho a veinte días posteriores al trauma, los cuales se dejaron sumergidos cuatro meses en la mandíbula y seis meses en el maxilar superior. En la segunda fase quirúrgica se realizó una evaluación clínica y radiográfica para determinar la oseointegración. RESULTADOS: el porcentaje de oseointegración fue 93,3% (catorce implantes). Un implante falló (6,7%) y presentó movilidad sin signos de infección o radiolucidez en la radiografía periapical, lo que sugiere que la falla pudo ocurrir por poca cantidad ósea o trauma quirúrgico. CONCLUSIÓN: el presente estudio mostró que el porcentaje de oseointegración en pacientes con trauma dentoalveolar fue bueno con la utilización del PRP según el protocolo utilizado.

INTRODUCTION: the aim of the present study was to evaluate clinically and radiographically the osseointegration of implants with bone regeneration by platelet rich plasma (PRP) and freeze-dried bone, placed in patients with dentoalveolar loss by trauma in the anterior region, during the firsts stages of soft tissue healing, treated at the Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl (Medellín-Colombia). METHODS: 15 implants were placed in six patients who suffered tooth loss due to trauma in the anterior maxillary and mandible area. The placement of the implants was performed between eight to twenty days after trauma, and they were submerged four months in the mandible and six months in the maxilla. A clinical and radiographic evaluation was done at the second-stage surgery to determine osseointegration. RESULTS: osseointegration percentage was 93.3% (14 implants). An implant failed (6.7%) and showed mobility without any infection signs or radiolucency, which suggests that failure, could be the result of surgical trauma. CONCLUSIONS: the present study showed that osseointegration percentage in patients with dentoalveolar trauma was good with the utilization of PRP according to the present protocol.

Neuropathic pain, a form of chronic pain caused by injury to or disease of the peripheral or central nervous system, is a formidable therapeutic challenge to clinicians because it does not respond well to traditional pain therapies. Significant improvement of neuropathic pain has been achieved with studies that have demonstrated efficacy of newer anticonvulsants in relieving this type of pain, by having a neuromodulatory effect on the hyperexcitable damaged nervous system. In recent years, several new-generation antiepileptic drugs have been introduced in clinical practice. Lamotrigine is a new antiepileptic drug that stabilizes neural membranes by blocking the activation of voltage-sensitive sodium channels and inhibiting the presynaptic release of glutamate. Full length reports have demonstrated the efficacy of lamotrigine in the treatment of various forms of neuropathic pain. The present drug profile provides a review of the pharmacologic properties of lamotrigine, the clinical evidence related to its efficacy and safety, in the treatment of neuropathic pain.

El dolor neuropático es una forma de dolor crónico provocada por una lesión o enfermedad del sistema nervioso, central o periférico. Dicho dolor supone un gran desafío, ya que habitualmente no responde a los tratamientos habituales. Una mejoría significativa se ha obtenido al tratar este tipo de dolor con fármacos anticonvulsivantes. Esta mejoría es debida al efecto neuromodulador de estos fármacos. En los últimos años se han introducido nuevos antiepilépticos en la práctica clínica. La lamotrigina es un nuevo fármaco antiepiléptico que estabiliza las membranas neuronales al bloquear los canales del sodio voltaje-dependiente e inhibir la liberación presináptica de glutamato. Diversos estudios han demostrado la eficacia de la lamotrigina en varias formas de dolor neuropático. Este trabajo aporta una revisión de la farmacología, de las evidencias clínicas de eficacia y de la seguridad de la lamotrigina en el tratamiento del dolor neuropático.