Abstract This study aimed to develop a pyriproxyfen-based Rumino-Reticulum Device (RRD) consisting of films of poly(vinyl)alcohol (PVA) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) to control the horn fly in cattle, one of the major pests of livestock. Films were obtained by the solvent casting method by PVA/NaCMC crosslinking and presented satisfactory homogeneity, drug content (104.8%) and pH (6.5), besides great absorptive capacity with swelling degree of 331.40% after 1 hour and diffusion-controlled release kinetics (Higuchi). FTIR and SEM analyzes clarify the characteristic bands of PVA, NaCMC and pyriproxyfen. The XRD and thermal analysis shows an increase in crystallinity due to pyriproxyfen (Xc:36.59%) and the active delivery alters the chain packing (Tg:74ºC). The pyriproxyfen-based RRD developed, in addition to fulfilling the characteristics of prolonged release, allows it to be rolled up (compressed form) facilitating swallowing and subsequent conversion to an expanded form that is retained in the rumen throughout the treatment period. pyriproxyfenbased based RuminoReticulum Rumino Reticulum (RRD polyvinylalcohol poly vinyl alcohol PVA (PVA (NaCMC cattle livestock PVANaCMC homogeneity 104.8% 1048 104 8 (104.8% 6.5, 65 6.5 , 6 5 (6.5) 33140 331 40 331.40 diffusioncontrolled diffusion controlled Higuchi. Higuchi . (Higuchi) Xc36.59% Xc3659 Xc 36.59% 36 59 (Xc:36.59% Tg74ºC. Tg74ºC TgºC Tg 74ºC ºC (Tg:74ºC) developed compressed period 104.8 10 (104.8 6. (6.5 3314 33 4 331.4 (Higuchi Xc36 Xc36.59 Xc365 3659 36.59 3 (Xc:36.59 (Tg:74ºC 104. (104. (6. 331. Xc3 Xc36.5 365 36.5 (Xc:36.5 (104 (6 Xc36. 36. (Xc:36. (10 ( (Xc:36 (1 (Xc:3 (Xc: (Xc

Resumo Piper aduncum L., uma planta medicinal brasileira, é conhecida por suas propriedades bioativas, incluindo efeitos repelentes e inseticidas. Este estudo investigou o potencial inseticida dos óleos essenciais (OEs) de P. aduncum, coletados na estação seca e chuvosa, contra pulgas (Ctenocephalides felis felis Bouché, 1835) em estágios de ovos e adultos. Os OEs foram obtidos por hidrodestilação em aparelho de Clevenger, modificado por 2 horas. Análises qualitativas e quantitativas foram realizadas por meio de cromatografia gasosa. Os resultados revelaram que o dilapiol foi a substância predominante, representando 77,56% (chuvoso) e 85,52% (seco) dos OEs. Esses OEs mostraram alta eficácia contra o parasita C. felis felis, resultando em 100% de mortalidade de ovos a uma concentração de 100 μg/mL e 100% de mortalidade para pulgas adultas a partir de 1.000 μg/mL. O padrão dilapiol também foi eficaz, mas em uma concentração relativamente alta. Este achado sugere que os OEs de P. aduncum exibem citotoxicidade contra esses parasitas e podem ter potencial para a produção comercial, oferecendo aplicações práticas para essa bioprospecção. Esse estudo revelou de maneira única que os OEs de P. aduncum, ricos em dilapiol, demonstraram atividade pulicida contra o parasita C. felis felis, inibindo, especialmente, a eclosão dos ovos desses parasitas. L L. brasileira bioativas inseticidas (OEs P chuvosa Ctenocephalides Bouché 1835 adultos Clevenger horas gasosa predominante 7756 77 56 77,56 chuvoso (chuvoso 8552 85 52 85,52 seco (seco C 10 μgmL μg mL 1000 1 000 1.00 eficaz comercial bioprospecção inibindo especialmente 183 775 7 5 77,5 855 8 85,5 00 1.0 18 77, 85, 0 1.

Abstract Piper aduncum L., a Brazilian medicinal plant, is known for its bioactive properties, including repellent and insecticidal effects. This study investigated the insecticidal potential of essential oils (EOs) from P. aduncum, collected during the dry and rainy seasons, against fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis Bouché, 1835) in egg and adult stages. The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation using a modified Clevenger apparatus for 2 h. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed via gas chromatography. The findings revealed that dillapiole was the predominant substance in both EOs, accounting for 77.6% (rainy) and 85.5% (dry) of the EOs. These EOs exhibited high efficacy against the parasite C. felis felis, resulting in 100% egg mortality at a concentration of 100 μg/mL and 100% mortality for adult fleas starting from 1,000 μg/mL. Dillapiole standard was also effective but at a relatively high concentration. This finding suggested that EOs from P. aduncum exhibit cytotoxicity against these pests and might hold potential for commercial production, offering practical applications for such bioprospecting. This study uniquely revealed that the EOs from P. aduncum, which is rich in dillapiole, demonstrated pulicidal activity against the parasite C. felis felis, particularly in inhibiting the hatching of the eggs of these parasites. L L. plant properties effects (EOs P seasons Ctenocephalides Bouché 1835 stages h chromatography 776 77 6 77.6 (rainy 855 85 5 85.5 (dry C 10 μgmL μg mL 1000 1 000 1,00 production bioprospecting parasites 183 7 77. 8 85. 00 1,0 18 0 1,

Abstract Propolis is a resinous product collected by honeybees with a complex chemical composition. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose is a polymer commonly used in wound care. The goal of the present work was to produce and characterize NaCMC membranes loaded with extract of Brazilian brown propolis (CMC-P). Flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified in the propolis extracts, where the main identified substance was kaempferide. The brown propolis extracted was active against S. aureus. The low swelling capacity and high gel fraction of CMC-P would be the consequence of propolis (responsible for a hydrophobic barrier) filling the pores of the membrane. Propolis could be anchoring the NaCMC chains (as observed by FTIR) due to interaction between components, which is corroborated by the CMC-P sample degrading less than the CMC sample (>400ºC). There was non-linear diffusion release kinetics for most phenolic substances of the propolis extract. The CMC-P sample presents potential as a dressing material. composition care CMCP. CMCP P . (CMC-P) extracts kaempferide S aureus responsible barrier membrane FTIR components >400ºC. 400ºC ºC >400ºC (>400ºC) nonlinear non linear material (CMC-P (>400ºC

Abstract Essential oil (EO) of Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) was evaluated against the egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages of the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis. The chemical composition of EO was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometry. EO mainly comprised γ-elemene (16.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (14.2%) as major compounds. To evaluate the mortality of flea stages in vitro, filter paper tests were performed at different concentrations. EO of C. sativa showed insecticidal activity (100% mortality at the highest concentrations) for flea control at egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages, with lethal concentrations (LC50) of 32.45; 91.61; 466.41 and 927.92 μg/cm2, respectively. EO of C. sativa indicated the potential for the development of ectoparasiticide for veterinary use, especially for fleas in egg and larval stages. (EO C (C pupal spectrometry γelemene γ elemene 16.2% 162 16 2 (16.2% 14.2% 142 14 (14.2% compounds vitro 100% 100 (100 LC50 LC (LC50 32.45 3245 32 45 91.61 9161 91 61 46641 466 41 466.4 92792 927 92 927.9 μgcm2 μgcm μg cm2 cm μg/cm2 respectively use 16.2 1 (16.2 14.2 (14.2 10 (10 LC5 (LC5 32.4 324 3 4 91.6 916 9 6 4664 46 466. 9279 927. μg/cm 16. (16. 14. (14. (1 (LC 32. 91. (16 (14 (

Resumo O óleo essencial (OE) de Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) foi avaliado contra os estágios de ovo, larva, pupa e adulto da pulga Ctenocephalides felis felis. A composição química do OE foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa com ionização de chama e espectrometria de massa. O OE foi composto principalmente de γ-elemeno (16,2%) e óxido de cariofileno (14,2%) como compostos majoritários. Para avaliar a mortalidade dos estágios de pulgas in vitro, foram realizados testes de papel filtro em diferentes concentrações. O OE de C. sativa apresentou atividade inseticida (100% de mortalidade nas maiores concentrações), para controle de pulgas nos estágios de ovo, larva, pupa e adulto, com concentrações letais (CL50) de 32,45; 91,61; 466,41 e 927,92 μg/cm2, respectivamente. O OE de C. sativa indicou potencial para o desenvolvimento de ectoparasiticida para uso veterinário, principalmente para pulgas em fase de ovo e larva. (OE C (C larva massa γelemeno γ elemeno 16,2% 162 16 2 (16,2% 14,2% 142 14 (14,2% majoritários vitro 100% 100 (100 concentrações, , concentrações) CL50 CL (CL50 32,45 3245 32 45 91,61 9161 91 61 46641 466 41 466,4 92792 927 92 927,9 μgcm2 μgcm μg cm2 cm μg/cm2 respectivamente veterinário 16,2 1 (16,2 14,2 (14,2 10 (10 CL5 (CL5 32,4 324 3 4 91,6 916 9 6 4664 46 466, 9279 927, μg/cm 16, (16, 14, (14, (1 (CL 32, 91, (16 (14 (

Resumo Os óleos essenciais (OE) de Illicium verum e Pelargonium graveolens foram avaliados quanto à letalidade, inibição do desenvolvimento e eficácia residual contra a pulga Ctenocephalides felis felis. Sua composição química foi caracterizada por meio de cromatografia gasosa com detector de ionização de chama e espectrometria de massas. A mortalidade entre os diferentes estágios imaturos e pulgas adultas foi avaliada por meio de testes in vitro em papel filtro, contendo diferentes concentrações de OEs. A caracterização química do óleo volátil de I. verum mostrou que o E-anetol (79,96%) foi o constituinte majoritário, enquanto os principais compostos de P. graveolens foram citronelol (29,67%) e geraniol (14,85%). Foi observada atividade inseticida contra os estágios imaturos e adulto da pulga. O OE de I. verum teve atividade inseticida por aproximadamente 18 dias, enquanto o de P. graveolens durou 13 dias. A atividade pulicida de I. verum permaneceu acima de 70% até o 9º dia, enquanto a atividade de P. graveolens foi de 41,7% até o 2º dia. Os óleos essenciais, principalmente de I. verum, apresentam atividade inseticida para o controle de pulgas em diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida e têm potencial para o desenvolvimento de ectoparasiticidas (biopesticidas) de uso veterinário.

Abstract The essential oils (EOs) of Illicium verum and Pelargonium graveolens were evaluated for lethality, inhibition of development and residual efficacy against the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis. Their chemical composition was characterized by means of gas chromatography with a flame ionization and mass spectrometry detection. Mortality at different immature stages and among adult fleas was measured through in vitro filter paper tests at different concentrations of EOs. The chemical characterization of I. verum volatile oil showed that E-anethole (79.96%) was the major constituent, while the major compounds in P. graveolens were citronellol (29.67%) and geraniol (14.85%). Insecticidal activity against both immature and adult flea stages were observed. The EO of I. verum had insecticidal activity for approximately 18 days, while the EO activity of P. graveolens lasted for 13 days. The pulicidal activity of I. verum remained above 70% for up to 9 days, while the activity of P. graveolens was 41.7% for up to 2 days. Essential oils, especially that of I. verum, showed insecticidal activity for flea control at different life cycle stages and have potential for the development of ectoparasiticides (biopesticides) for veterinary use.

Resumo As zoonoses são a maior causa de morbidade de mortalidade no mundo. A Febre Maculosa Brasileira (FMB) é uma importante zoonose que ocorre em algumas regiões da América do Sul e pode ser transmitida pelo “carrapato-estrela” Amblyomma sculptum. A aplicação de acaricidas, frente ao estágio larval, é importante como estratégia no controle da população. No entanto, ainda há uma deficiência de estudos para o controle químico de A. sculptum. Devido à necessidade de mais informações sobre o controle de A. sculptum, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a atividade acaricida in vitro de cipermetrina, flumetrina, deltametrina, fipronil, coumafós e clorpirifós frente a larvas de A. sculptum. Os bioensaios foram realizados pelo método Teste de Imersão de Larva. Foi realizada uma análise discriminatória entre as classes antiparasitárias mais utilizadas para controle de carrapatos, possibilitando determinar classes com maior potencial para o controle de larvas de A. sculptum. Os resultados deste trabalho mostraram que as larvas de A. sculptum apresentam maior sensibilidade ao grupo dos piretroides sintéticos, seguido pelos grupos fenilpirazóis, organofosforados e lactonas macrocíclicas. Esses achados poderiam apoiar estudos visando ao controle do carrapato tanto em animais quanto no meio ambiente.

Abstract Zoonoses are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among them, Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) is an important one that occurs in some regions of South America and can be transmitted by the “star tick” Amblyomma sculptum. Application of acaricides against the larval stage is important as strategy of population control. However, there is still a deficiency of studies on chemical control of A. sculptum and the present work aims to evaluate the in vitro acaricidal activity of cypermethrin, flumethrin, deltamethrin, fipronil, coumaphos and chlorpyrifos against A. sculptum larvae. Bioassays were performed using the larval immersion test method. A discriminatory analysis between the antiparasitic classes most used for tick control was carried out, which made it possible to determine the classes with higher potential for controlling A. sculptum larvae. Our results showed that A. sculptum larvae present highest sensitivity to the synthetic pyrethroid group, followed by the phenylpyrazole, organophosphate and macrocyclic lactone groups. These findings may support studies on improvement of tick control as in animals as in the environment.

ABSTRACT This paper aims to gather and discuss important information about nonylphenol, such as physical chemistry properties, toxicity and analytical methods in various matrices. As a degradation product of ethoxylated alkylphenols, nonylphenol presents a higher degree of reactivity than its precursor. Due to its harmful effects on the environment, use and production of nonylphenol has been banned in European Union countries, alongside their precursors. The guide on quality of drinking water (USEPA) recommends a maximum concentration of 28 µg L-1 for fresh water. In Brazil, there is no clear legislation containing values of maximum concentration of nonylphenol. Due to this lack of regulation, a continuous monitoring is necessary of this pollutant in environmental samples. This paper aims to encourage further studies on nonylphenol, seen as a critical environmental pollutant. For proper monitoring is necessary to have reliable analytical methods and easy to perform in routine analysis.

Celecoxib (CB) and lumiracoxib (LM) are potent COX-2 inhibitors widely marketed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Nevertheless, it is difficult to obtain because it are protected under patents. The aim of this work was to develop an extraction method of drugs, CB and LM, in order to obtain the drug with a purity degree appropriated for use in research projects. The developed method showed to be effective of both drugs, becoming interesting due to its low cost, easy and speed of execution, application to different dosage forms (capsules and tablets) and drugs with different physicochemical properties.