ABSTRACT Objective The present study describes the clinical and tumor characteristics of patients that died from differentiated thyroid cancer and reports on the cause and circumstances of death in these cases. Subjects and methods Retrospective analysis of all the differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) related deaths at a single institution over a 5-year period, with a total of 33 patients. Results Most of the patients were female (63.6%), with a mean age at diagnosis of 58.2 years. The most common histologic type was papillary (66.7%) and 30.3% were follicular. The distribution according to the TNM classification was: 15.4% of T1; 7.7% T2; 38.4% T3; 19.2% of T4a and 19.2% of T4b. Forty-four percent of cases were N0; 20% N1a and 36.6% of N1b. Twelve patients were considered non-responsive to radioiodine. Only one of the patients did not have distant metastases. The most common metastatic site was the lung in 69.7%. The majority of deaths were due to pulmonary complications related to lung metastases (17 patients, 51.5%), followed by post-operative complications in 5 cases, neurological disease progression in 3 cases, local invasion and airway obstruction in one patient. Median survival between diagnosis and death was reached in 49 months while between disease progression and death it was at 22 months. Conclusion Mortality from DTC is extremely rare but persists, and the main causes of death derive from distant metastasis, especially respiratory failure due to lung metastasis. Once disease progression is established, median survival was only 22 months.

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of the present study was to describe the epidemiologic data, histological type, treatment and follow-up of the 811 patients treated for thyroid cancer in Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP) over 5 years. Materials and methods Retrospective analyses of electronic chart information. Results There were 679 cases (83.7%) of papillary thyroid cancer, 61 (7.5%) of follicular carcinoma, 54 (6.7%) of medullary carcinoma, 11 (1.4%) of poorly differentiated carcinoma and 6 of anaplastic carcinoma (0.7%). The majority of patients were female (82.2%), and the mean age was 50.5 ± 15 years. Two hundred forty-two patients had disease persistence or recurrence. At the last follow-up, 629 (77.6%) patients were alive and disease free, 141 (17.4%) were alive with disease, and 41 (5.1%) were deceased, with 37 deaths related to thyroid cancer. Conclusion This study was able to outline the profile, disease type and evolution of patients treated for thyroid cancer at a single tertiary hospital.

OBJECTIVES AND INTRODUCTION: Medullary thyroid carcinoma, a neoplasia of intermediate prognosis and differentiation, does not always respond predictably to known treatments. This study aimed to correlate the clinical progression of surgically treated patients with clinical and pathological data. METHODS: A total of 53 patients were followed for 75 months (mean average) in tertiary-care hospital. The clinical status of patients at the end of the study period was characterized to determine correlations with a range of disease aspects. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients (41.5%) were alive and disease-free at the end of the follow-up period; twenty-three patients (43.4%) had persistent disease; and eight patients (15.1%) had recurrent disease. Four patients (7.6%) died from medullary thyroid carcinoma with clinical and/or imaging evidence of neoplasia. The following aspects demonstrated statistically significant correlations with the final medical condition: positive initial cervical examination (p = 0.002); neoplastic extensions to the thyroid capsule (p = 0.004) and adjacent tissues (p = 0.034); cervical lymph node metastases (p < 0.001); diameter of neoplasia (p = 0.018); TNM (tumor, node and metastasis) Stage (p = 0.001) and evidence of distant and/or cervical diseases in the absence of a cure (p = 0.011). Through logistic regression, the presence of cervical lymph node metastases was considered an independent variable (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and pathological aspects of patients with surgically treated medullary thyroid carcinomas are predictors of disease progression. Specifically, even treated cervical lymph node metastases are significantly correlated with disease progression.

BACKGROUND: Unlike papillary carcinoma, there are limited data regarding diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data on 38 patients submitted to thyroidectomy for exclusive follicular carcinoma over a 10 years period. Mean follow-up was 39 months (114 months the longest). Nine patients were males (23,7%) and 29 females (76,3%). Mean age was 49.5 (19 to 87 years). RESULTS: Thirty-three (86,8%) patients presented at least one symptom such as dyspnea, dysphagia or hoarseness. Seventeen (58,6%) patients had a solitary nodule shown by ultrasonography and 23 (79,3%) had "cold" nodules by scintigraphy. Twenty-seven patients underwent were submitted to fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA), which revealed a follicular neoplasm (benign or malignant) in 24 (88,9%) patients, goiter in 1(3,7%) and papillary carcinoma in 2 cases (7,4%). Total thyroidectomy was the final treatment in 34 patients and neck dissection operation was required in 3 cases. Only 13,1% of the patients were diagnosed as having follicular carcinoma by intraoperative frozen section. Two patients died from the tumor and 5 patients remain alive with the tumor all of them with distant metastasis. Elevation of serum levels of thyroglobulin correlated with metastasis in 100% of those cases. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that follicular thyroid carcinoma usually presents as a solitary nodule diagnosed as a follicular neoplasm by FNA biopsy. Intra-operatory frozen section rarely confirms the diagnosis. O treatment of choice for thyroid follicular cancer total thyroidectomy followed by complementary therapy (radioiodine therapy) if necessary. We advocate total thyroidectomy because it is assumited with a better follow-up and avoids growth of subclinical lesions on the opposite lobe. Outcome is good in the majority of cases.

OBJETIVOS: Abordar o diagnóstico, tratamento e evolução do carcinoma folicular da tireóide. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva dos dados de 38 pacientes submetidos à tireoidectomia por carcinoma folicular puro, num período de 10 anos no HC-FMUSP. O tempo médio de seguimento foi de três anos e três meses. Nove pacientes eram do sexo masculino (23,7%) e 29 do sexo feminino (76,3%), com idades entre 19 e 87 anos (média=49,5). RESULTADOS: Em 17 (58,6%) dos doentes, observou-se nódulo único à ultra-sonografia, e 23 (79,3%) tinham nódulos frios à cintilografia. Sintomatologia esteve presente em 33 pacientes (86,8%). A punção aspirativa por agulha fina (PAAF), realizada em 27 pacientes, revelou padrão folicular em 24 (88,9%), carcinoma papilífero em 2 (7,4%) e bócio em 1 (3,7%). Tireoidectomia total foi o tratamento final em 34 pacientes e esvaziamento cervical foi realizado em três casos. Apenas 5 (13,1%) obtiveram confirmação diagnóstica ao exame de congelação intra-operatória. Houve 2 (5,2%) óbitos pela doença e 5 (13,1%) pacientes apresentam-se vivos com doença. O aumento da tireoglobulina (TG) correlacionou-se com o aparecimento de metástase em 100% dos casos. CONCLUSÕES: Concluímos que pacientes com carcinoma folicular de tireóide geralmente apresentam-se com nódulo único ou predominante ao primeiro exame, cuja PAAF é de padrão folicular. O exame de congelação raramente confirma o diagnóstico. Em nosso serviço, o tratamento de escolha é a tireoidectomia total, permitindo um seguimento mais adequado e confiável do paciente e prevenindo o crescimento de lesões subclínicas no lobo contralateral. A evolução geralmente é favorável.