RESUMO Objetivo Determinar a prevalência de sífilis e fatores de risco associados no sistema prisional feminino. Métodos Foi realizado estudo transversal com 113 mulheres. A coleta de dados ocorreu em duas etapas: a primeira etapa correspondeu à coleta de sangue para verificar a soropositividade à sífilis e a segunda a um formulário para avaliar situações de risco para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Resultados A prevalência da doença foi de 22,1% (n=25). Quanto às gestantes, identificou-se prevalência de 28,6%. Foi verificada relação estatisticamente significativa entre a infecção pela sífilis e a história prévia de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (p=0,04). Entretanto, a maioria das participantes diagnosticadas com a doença desconhecia um histórico de infecção sexualmente transmissível nos últimos 12 meses (n=20/80,0%). O uso de preservativo com parceiros fixos foi considerado fator de proteção (odds ratio de 0,76; intervalo de confiança de 95% de 0,68-0,85). Conclusão Foi alta a prevalência de sífilis na população carcerária feminina estudada, principalmente entre as gestantes. Medidas preventivas e de tratamento da doença, bem como cuidados pré-natais adequados, podem minimizar o impacto da sífilis nos sistemas prisionais e, consequentemente, melhorar esse indicador de saúde no país.

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the prevalence of syphilis and the associated risk factors in a female prison unit. Methods This was a cross-sectional study including 113 women whom data were collected in two stages: first, blood test to check for syphilis seropositivity; and then collection of information through a form to assess risk situations for sexually transmitted infections. Results Overall, syphilis prevalence was found to be 22.1% among the female prison population (n=25) and 28.6% among pregnant women. A statistically significant relationship was found between syphilis infection and previous history of sexually transmitted infections (p=0.04). However, most participants diagnosed with the disease were unaware of a history of sexually transmitted infection in the last 12 months (n=20/80.0%). The use of condom with fixed partners was considered to be a protective factor (odds ratio of 0.76; 95% of confidence interval 0.68-0.85). Conclusion The prevalence of syphilis among the female prison population was high, particularly among pregnant women. Preventive and therapeutic measures as well as appropriate prenatal care can minimize the impact of syphilis in prison systems and, consequently, improve such health outcomes nationwide.

Resumo O presente estudo investigou a ação de uma pasta de dente feita a partir do extrato de Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. (Alecrim) em um ensaio clínico randomizado, controlado, aberto e duplo-cego. Cento e dez voluntários preencheram os critérios de inclusão e foram separados aleatoriamente em dois grupos de acordo com as pastas usadas: Grupo A (experimental) e Grupo B (controle). Eles foram avaliados no início e 30 dias após o estudo usando o índice de sangramento gengival (GBI) e o índice de placa (PI). A análise dos dados foi realizada para calcular os efeitos das duas pastas dentárias sobre sangramento gengival e placa, usando medidas como o excesso de risco relativo (ERR), a Redução do Risco Relativo (RRR), a Redução do Risco Absoluto (ARR) e o Número Necessário para Tratamento (NNT). As duas pastas de dentes proporcionaram resultados semelhantes em termos de redução do risco de sangramento gengival (relativo e absoluto): redução de 38% no Grupo A, ERR=0,38; Uma redução de 29,3% no Grupo B, ERR=0,293; A e B reduziram-se em 18% ARR=0,18). As reduções na placa bacteriana também foram semelhantes (redução de 22,7% no Grupo A, RRR=0,227, redução de 28% no Grupo B, RRR=0,28). O número necessário para tratamento de sangramento e placa foi A e B NNT=5 e A e B NNT=7, respectivamente. A pasta de dente à base de alecrim tratou efetivamente o sangramento gengival e reduziu a placa bacteriana, quando comparada à pasta dentífrica convencional.

Abstract The present study was to investigate the action of a toothpaste made from the extract of Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. (rosemary) in a clinical randomized, controlled, open and double-blind trial. One hundred and ten volunteers fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were randomly separated into two groups according to the toothpastes used: Group A (experimental) and Group B (control). They were assessed at baseline and 30 days after the study using the gingival bleeding index (GBI) and the plaque index (PI). Data analysis was conducted to calculate the effects of the two toothpastes on gingival bleeding and plaque, using measurements such as the excess relative risk (ERR), the Relative Risk Reduction (RRR), the Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) and the Number Needed for Treatment (NNT). The two toothpastes provided similar results in terms of the reduction in the risk of gingival bleeding (relative and absolute): a reduction of 38% in Group A, ERR=0.38; a reduction of 29.3% in Group B, ERR=0.293; A and B reduced by 18% ARR=0.18). The reductions in bacterial plaque were also similar (22.7% reduction in Group A, RRR=0.227; 28% reduction in Group B, RRR= 0.28). The number needed for treatment values for bleeding and plaque were A and B NNT=5 and A and B NNT=7, respectively. The rosemary-based toothpaste effectively treated gingival bleeding and reduced bacterial plaque, when compared with conventional toothpaste.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate self-medication for toothache and its associated factors in children and adolescents. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 252 children/adolescents aged 6-16 years. A questionnaire was applied with questions related to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics; experience of, and self-medication for, toothache; as well as aspects related to the condition. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses (Pearson's Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test) were performed, with a 5% significance level. Results: The prevalence of toothache was 41.7%. In 96 cases analyzed, there was prevalence of 69.8% of self-medication for toothache. There were no statistically significant associations between self-medication for toothache and variables related to the children/adolescents (gender and age), their parents or guardians (age and schooling), socioeconomic characteristics (family income and number of people in the household) and aspects related to toothache (fever, crying and school absenteeism) (p>0.05). The most commonly used drug was paracetamol (60.7%), whose choice was based to its previous use by the study population for conditions not related to toothache (47.8%). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of self-medication for toothache in the study population. No independent variable was associated with self-medication practice.