Resumo O açaí é uma fruta popular brasileira, porém já faz parte dos hábitos alimentares saudáveis da população mundial, devido às suas propriedades antioxidantes. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito do solvente na extração de compostos fenólicos com potencial antioxidante em açaí juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.), utilizando um Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC). O perfil dos compostos fenólicos foi quantificado por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) e o conjunto de dados foi analisado por Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA). O PCA foi aplicado para evidenciar as relações entre a concentração de compostos fenólicos e os solventes. Além disso, a atividade antioxidante também foi determinada pelos métodos DPPH, ABTS e FRAP. O solvente etanol:água a 70% foi mais eficiente na extração de compostos fenólicos com alta atividade antioxidante. Neste extrato, o ácido salicílico foi encontrado em alta concentração, além de catequina, epicatequina e ácido cumárico. Com base no consenso de que os compostos fenólicos são os principais compostos relacionados à atividade antioxidante das frutas, o açaí juçara da Mata Atlântica é uma fonte potencial de compostos fenólicos e poderia ser usado como antioxidante natural para aplicação nas indústrias alimentícia e farmacêutica, em substituição aos antioxidantes sintéticos.

Abstract The açaí is a popular Brazilian fruit, however, already part of the world's healthy eating habits owing to its antioxidant properties. The study aimed to determine the effect of solvent in extracting phenolic compounds with antioxidant potential in açaí juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The phenolic compound profile was quantified by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and the data set was analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The PCA was applied to evidence the relationships between the concentration of phenolic compounds and the solvents. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was also determined by 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) methods. The solvent ethanol: water 70% was more efficient in extracting phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activity. In this extract, salicylic acid was found in high concentrations as well as catechin, epicatechin, and coumaric acid. Based on a consensus that phenolic compounds are associated with the most powerful antioxidant activities of fruits, the “açaí juçara” from the Atlantic Forest is a potential source of polyphenols. They could be used as natural antioxidants for application in the food and pharmaceutical industry in order to substitute the synthetic antioxidants.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os extratos liofilizados e microencapsulados obtidos a partir de resíduos de vinícola e avaliar os efeitos de sua adição na estabilidade oxidativa do patê de frango. O perfil fenólico, a atividade antioxidante e a eficiência da microencapsulação foram avaliados nesses extratos. Duas formulações de patê contendo bagaço de uva liofilizado (GPWL) e bagaço de uva microencapsulado (GPWM) foram produzidas. Além disso, uma formulação com eritorbato de sódio e uma formulação controle foram usadas para comparar os efeitos. Os patês foram avaliados pelo método de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) durante o armazenamento refrigerado (4 °C/42 dias). Apesar de a eficiência de microencapsulação ter sido de 90,03%, o GPWL foi estatisticamente mais efetivo na inibição da oxidação lipídica no patê de frango do que o GPWM. No entanto, a adição de ambos os antioxidantes naturais no patê de frango resultou em valores mais baixos de TBARS do que o patê tratado com antioxidante sintético por causa da presença de ácido gálico, ácido cafeico, ácido vanílico, ácido ferúlico, ácido cumárico e trans-resveratrol com alta atividade antioxidante. Dessa forma, a presença dos compostos bioativos com atividade antioxidante detectados no GPWL e no GPWM abre possibilidades para uso como ingrediente potencial no patê de frango e demais produtos cárneos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize spray-dried and lyophilized powders made from winery by-products and to evaluate their effect on the oxidative stability of chicken pâté. Phenolic profile, antioxidant activity, and microencapsulation efficiency were evaluated in the extracts. Two pâté formulations containing grape pomace lyophilized (GPWL) and grape pomace microencapsulated (GPWM) were produced. In addition, a sodium erythorbate and a control batch were used to compare the effects. The pâtés were evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay during refrigerated storage (4 °C/42 days). Although the microencapsulation efficiency was 90.03%, the GPWL was statistically more effective in the lipid oxidation inhibition in chicken pâté than GPWM. However, the addition of both natural antioxidants in chicken pâté resulted in lower TBARS values than pâté treated with synthetic antioxidant due to the presence of gallic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, coumaric acid and trans-resveratrol with high antioxidant activity. Thus, the bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity detected in the GPWL and GPWM opened possibilities for use as a potential ingredient in chicken pâté and other meat products.

Abstract Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is known for their sensory characteristics and antioxidant properties, mainly due to the presence of several phenolic compounds. The aim of this work, was determine the antioxidant activity and apply the Rosemary lyophilized extract (RLE) in chicken burger, for assess their ability to reduce the lipid oxidation. Total antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds profile were analyzed by colorimetric tests and liquid chromatography analysis, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay was used to evaluate the ability of the RLE to prevent lipid peroxidation in chicken burger stored at 4 °C. Three treatments of chicken burgers were prepared (T1 – control, without addition of synthetic antioxidant BHT: butylated hydroxytoluene or RLE), T2 – with addition of BHT, and T3 – experimental, containing RLE). The high contents of total phenolic compounds (40.91 mg GAE g-1: Gallic Acid Equivalent) and total flavonoids (24.26 mg QE g-1: Quercetin Equivalents) were found in RLE. Rutin was the major phenolic compound identified in the RLE. The RLE showed strong antioxidant capacity and inhibited 48.29% of lipid oxidation (21 days of storage) in comparison to the control (T1), with low production of malonaldehyde, which has potential to be used in chicken burgers.

The contents of total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of bee pollen ethanolic extract were determined and compared to those of commercial antioxidants. Bee pollen extract from the state of Rio Grande do Sul presented antioxidant activity statistically equal to that of α -tocopherol and higher than those of BHT and BHA. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the antioxidant activity and the total phenolics and total flavonoids contents of bee pollen extracts. HPLC technique made the identification of high contents of rutin and myricetin possible, which may partially explain the high antioxidant activity of Brazilian bee pollen.

Objetivou-se, neste estudo determinar compostos fenólicos, a atividade antioxidante a antibacteriana dos extratos etanólicos de pólen, obtidos com diferentes concentrações de etanol. As diferentes condições de extração (etanol de 40 a 90%) apresentaram diferentes efeitos no conteúdo dos compostos fenólicos extraídos. Os extratos de pólen obtidos com etanol a 60, 70 e 80% apresentaram maiores níveis de compostos fenólicos (>10 mg/g) e não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre essas condições de extração. A quantidade de compostos fenólicos nos extratos de pólen variou de 3.6 a 8.1 e 6.6 a 11 mg de equivalente em ácido gálico por g de pólen (GAE), para os estados de Alagoas e Paraná, respectivamente. Os maiores índices de atividade antioxidante para o pólen do estado de Alagoas foi de 83.30% e 81.15 % para o pólen do estado do Paraná. O pólen do estado do Paraná extraído com etanol a 60%, apresentou o maior índice de atividade antioxidante e também a maior concentração de compostos fenólicos. A bactéria Staphylococcus aureus foi inibida pelo extrato etanólico do pólen de Alagoas, em todas as concentrações, exceto no extrato etanólico a 90%. O extrato etanólico a 60%, no pólen do Paraná, inibiu Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Klebsiella sp.

The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity, phenolic content and antibacterial activity of pollen extracts obtained with different concentrations of ethanol. Each extraction condition (ethanol solutions from 40 to 90%) had a different effect in the phenolic compounds content. Although, the pollen extract obtained at 60, 70 and 80% of ethanol showed relatively higher levels of phenolic compounds (>10 mg/g) and did not present statistical significant difference between the extraction conditions. The amount of total phenolics ranged from 3.6 to 8.1 and 6.6 to 10.9 mg GAE/g for Alagoas state and Parana state pollen, respectively. The higher value for antioxidant activity index was 83.30% for the pollen from Alagoas state and 81.15 % for Parana state pollen. The highest degree of antioxidant activity was found in the extraction at 60% of ethanol solution for Parana state pollen, which also showed the highest concentration of polyphenol compounds. Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited by the ethanolic extract of Alagoas state pollen in all the concentrations of solvent, except the ethanolic extract of pollen at 90%. The extract at 60% of ethanol solution (Parana sample) inhibited Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella sp.