ABSTRACT Introduction: In Colombia psychosocial intervention programs are carried out in communities with socioeconomic disadvantage to improve their quality of life; however, no impact’s assessments are carried out to measure their effectiveness. Objective: Determine the relation between the time of exposure to psychosocial intervention’s processes in communities at socioeconomic disadvantage, and their perception of psychological well-being, social welfare and social capital, in the metropolitan area of Barranquilla. Methods: The research was ex post facto explanatory one, with a sample of 135 people over the age of 17. A variance analysis was done to find the dependency between intervention processes and dependent variables. Results: A relationship of significance was found between the age group of the participants and some dimensions of psychological well-being, social welfare and social capital. No significant relationships were found between the intervention time and the dependent variables mentioned. Conclusions: Despite the vulnerability of the environment, the communities involved in the study demonstrated a perception of psychological and social well-being and positive assessment of their social capital without a significant relationship with the time of exposure to community work. Psychosocial intervention’s processes have sufficient potential to promote the improvement of the conditions of individuals, groups or communities, but they require the implementation of assessment processes that allow to follow up on their impact.

RESUMEN Introducción: En Colombia se realizan programas de intervención psicosocial en comunidades con desventaja socioeconómica para mejorar su calidad de vida, sin embargo, no se realizan evaluaciones de impacto para medir su efectividad. Objetivo: Determinar la relación que existe entre el tiempo de exposición a procesos de intervención psicosocial en comunidades en desventaja socioeconómica, con su percepción de bienestar psicológico, bienestar social y capital social, en el área metropolitana de Barranquilla. Métodos: La investigación fue de corte explicativo ex post facto, con una muestra de 135 personas mayores de 17 años. Se hizo un análisis de varianza para encontrar la dependencia entre los procesos de intervención y las variables dependientes. Resultados: Se encontró una relación de significancia entre el grupo etario de los participantes y algunas dimensiones del bienestar psicológico, del bienestar social y del capital social. No se encontraron relaciones significativas entre el tiempo de intervención y las variables dependientes mencionadas. Conclusiones: A pesar de la vulnerabilidad del entorno, las comunidades intervenidas participantes del estudio evidenciaron una percepción de bienestar psicológico y social y de valoración positiva de su capital social sin una relación significativa con el tiempo de exposición al trabajo comunitario. Los procesos de intervención psicosocial tienen el potencial suficiente para favorecer la mejora de las condiciones de las personas, grupos o comunidades, pero requieren de la implementación de procesos de evaluación que permitan hacer seguimiento a su impacto.

Abstract This article is intended to present the results of an investigation that pretended to establish a baseline that would allow to know from the perspective of the students which were their appreciations about the coexistence manual, the development and implementation of the chair of peace and conflict mediation within educational institutions with the purpose of developing a stable and lasting peacebuilding, essentially understood as a state-oriented process that seeks to promote good manners in the classroom, quality teacher training and organizational structures that consolidate the learning of the citizenship in the educational context. The research is framed under the qualitative paradigm, semi-structured group interviews focus group type were conducted with students from grades 9, 10 and 11, from different educational institutions. The results account for the perception that students have in the evaluated dimensions, being relevant: that exclusively they use the coexistence manual instrumentally, and not as a source of training; the ignorance of the contents of the Chair of Peace and its importance to contribute to the construction of a culture of peace and the use by students of an Traditional vertical authority to resolve conflicts.

Resumen El presente artículo tiene el propósito de presentar los resultados de una investigación que buscó establecer una línea de base que permitiera conocer desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes cuáles eran sus apreciaciones sobre el manual de convivencia, el desarrollo e implementación de la cátedra de la paz y la mediación de conflictos dentro de las instituciones educativas con el propósito de desarrollar una construcción de paz estable y duradera, entendida esencialmente como un proceso orientado por el Estado que busque promover buenas prácticas en el aula, formación docente de calidad y estructuras organizativas que favorezcan el aprendizaje de la ciudadanía en el contexto educativo. La investigación está enmarcada bajo el paradigma cualitativo, se realizaron entrevistas grupales semiestructuradas tipo grupo focal con estudiantes de los grados 9, 10 y 11, de diferentes instituciones educativas. Los resultados dan cuenta de la percepción que tienen los estudiantes en las dimensiones evaluadas, siendo relevante: que solo utilizan de manera instrumental el manual de convivencia, y no como fuente de formación; el desconocimiento de los contenidos de la Cátedra de la Paz y de su importancia para contribuir a la construcción de una cultura de paz y el uso por parte de los estudiantes de una autoridad vertical tradicional para resolver los conflictos.

RESUMO: Esta pesquisa explorou a relação entre fatores psicossociais contextuais e como s crianças lidam com possíveis conflitos na escola. Uma amostra de 378 crianças (158 meninos e 220 meninas) de Barranquilla (Colômbia) reagiu a um videogame que simula situações de conflito. Seu sexo foi decisivo nas estratégias de enfrentamento para lidar com tais conflitos e foi relacionado às expectativas das crianças em relação a seus colegas e adultos como punidores, neutros ou legitimadores da violência. A vizinhança e a televisão foram os cenários onde as crianças observam mais violência, mas implicam um maior uso do diálogo, o que pode indicar modelos positivos de resolução de conflitos mais eficientes do que os apresentados por suas famílias. Sugere-se considerar os programas de televisão como um complemento da educação para uma convivência saudável.

ABSTRACT: This research explored the relationship between contextual psychosocial factors and how infants deal with conflicts that could appear at school. A sample of 378 children (158 boys and 220 girls) from Barranquilla (Colombia) responded to a video game that simulates conflict situations. Their gender was decisive in coping strategies to deal with conflicts and it was related to the expectation that children have about peers and adults as punishers, neutral or legitimators of violence. Neighborhood and television were the scenarios where children observe more violence, but they imply a greater use of dialogue, which may indicate positive models of conflict resolution more efficient than those presented by their families. It is suggested to consider television programs as a complement in education for a healthy coexistence.

RESUMEN: Se exploró la relación entre factores psicosociales del contexto y el afrontamiento de conflictos en edad escolar. Una muestra de 378 niños (158 niños y 220 niñas) residentes en Barranquilla (Colombia), respondieron a un videojuego que simula situaciones de conflicto. El sexo fue determinante en el afrontamiento y en la expectativa sobre los pares y los adultos como sancionadores, neutrales o legitimadores de la violencia. El barrio y la televisión fueron los escenarios donde los niños observan más violencia, pero inciden en una mayor utilización del diálogo, lo que puede indicar modelos positivos de solución de conflictos más eficientes que los presentados por la familia. Se sugiere considerar los programas televisivos y los acuerdos comunitarios como complementos en la educación para la sana convivencia desde la infancia.

This paper informs an investigation which had as objective to establish the functional relationships between mental health and social capital in people who have been victims of forced displacement in the context of the armed conflict, and people in poverty conditions. The social capital is understood from the proposal of Putnam (1993), such as the commitment that occurs between actors and social groups where there are networks and standards that facilitate collaboration, the commitment and confidence; through which you can set changes. For the present study, account is taken of the observable variables, measures through the Barometer of Social Capital developed by Sudarsky (2007) and worked in the third measurement of social capital in 2011, in the report presented by Hurtado, García, and Copete (2013), which gives an account of three factors: Solidarity, consolidation of groups and the construction of social fabric (Ksocial), institutional trust and social control (Confie) and credibility in sources of non-validated information (Fenoval). Mental health in research responds to the model of the entire state of health proposed by Keyes (2005b), which assumes the understanding of mental health as a state of well-being, more than the absence of disease, composed of three factors that for terms of the study are the observable variables that make part of the latent variable of mental health, these are: Spanish Adaptation of the Scales of Psychological Well-being of Ryff (Díaz, Rodríguez-Carvajal, Blanco, Moreno-Jiménez, Gallardo,Valle & Van Dierendonk, 2006) which focuses on the personal development, by which envisaged dimensions like the autoaceptación, positive relationships, autonomy, the domain of the environment, the personal growth and the project of life (Blanco & Valera, 2007); the Subjective Well-being (Diener, 1984), constitutes the cognitive and affective evaluations that a person generates around to his life and converges the aspects of the satisfaction and the positive emotions-negative (Blanco & Valera, 2007) and Social Welfare (Keyes, 1998), understood as the value that we of the circumstances and the operation that we have within the society. Includes items such as integration, acceptance, the contribution, the update and the social coherence. The study was retrospective exposfact type and counted 380 adults, classified in two groups: 190 in situation of displacement and 190 in situation of poverty. The instruments were the Scales Psychological Well-being (Ryff, 1989); Satisfaction with Life (Diener,1994); Social Welfare (Keyes, 1998), and the Barometer of Social Capital (Sudarsky, 1999). Subsequently, an analysis was carried out with the SPSS software 18 to establish correlations and functional relationships of the variables in the study groups. The findings give account of the significant correlations between the constituent dimensions of social capital and mental health. In second instance presents the functional relationships implementing structural equation models in each group, assuming a positive functional relationship between social capital and mental health, which is maintained in each of the groups of study, being higher in the group of displaced persons (β = .56) in comparison with the group of poverty (β = .41). These findings allowed to demonstrate that the functional relationships analyzed structurally between social capital and mental health are directly proportional and constitute an input to the development of psychosocial intervention programs aimed at the improvement of the quality of life and social empowerment community. This research is a systematic input of structural analysis of the functional relationships between Social Capital and Mental Health, to strengthen the horizon of future studies that should be directed to deepen the analysis of the complex reality that people live in a situation of vulnerability, such as is the case of those who have experienced the forced displacement by effect of the armed conflict and those who have lived in poverty.

Se realizó una investigación que tuvo como objetivo establecer las relaciones funcionales entre salud mental y capital social personas que han sido víctimas del desplazamiento forzado en el marco del conflicto armado y personas en condición de pobreza. El estudio fue de tipo ex pos facto retrospectivo y participaron 380 adultos, clasificados en dos grupos: 190 en situación de desplazamiento y 190 en situación de pobreza. Se administraron los siguientes instrumentos: la Adaptación Española de las Escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff (Díaz, Rodríguez-Carvajal, Blanco, Moreno-Jiménez, Gallardo, Valle & Van Dierendonk, 2006), la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (Diener, 1994), la Escala de Bienestar Social (Keyes, 1998) y el Barómetro del Capital Social (Sudarsky, 1999). Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis con el software SPSS 18 para establecer las correlaciones y relaciones funcionales de las variables en los grupos de estudio. Los hallazgos dan cuenta de las correlaciones significativas entre las dimensiones constitutivas del capital social y la salud mental. En segunda instancia se presentan las relaciones funcionales, implementando los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales en cada grupo, asumiendo una relación funcional positiva entre el capital social y la salud mental, que se mantiene en cada grupo estudiado, siendo superior en el grupo de desplaza-os (β = .56) en comparación con el grupo de pobreza (β = .41). Estos hallazgos permiten evidenciar que las relaciones funcionales analizadas estructuralmente entre capital social y salud mental son directamente proporcionales y constituyen un insumo para el desarrollo de programas de intervención psicosocial orientados a la mejoría de la calidad de vida y el empoderamiento social comunitario.