Abstract Introduction Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) are a diverse group of highly reactive molecules that play a vital role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), leading to a decline in functional and cognitive capacity. The objective of this study was to assess the intake and quantification of AGEs in individuals with PD and to correlate them with their functional and cognitive abilities. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 20 PD patients and 20 non-PD individuals as the Control group (C). The autofluorescence reader was used to evaluate skin AGEs, while food recall was used to quantify AGEs consumed for three different days. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Short Physical Performance Battery, and handgrip tests were used. PD patients demonstrated greater impairment in functional capacity compared to the control group. Results Dominant Handgrip (p = 0.02) and motor performance, in the sit and stand test (p = 0.01) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) (p = 0.01) were inferior in PD patients than the control group. Although PD patients tended to consume less AGEs than the control group, AGE intake was negatively correlated with handgrip strength in individuals with PD (r = -0.59; p < 0.05). Conclusion PD patients had lower strength and functional capacity, suggesting that the effects of AGEs might be exacerbated during chronic diseases like Parkinson's. EndProducts End Products (AGEs disorders Parkinsons Parkinson s PD, , (PD) abilities crosssectional cross sectional 2 nonPD non C. C . (C) days Assessment 0.02 002 0 02 performance 0.01 001 01 SPPB (SPPB r 0.59 059 59 -0.59 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) Parkinsons. s. (PD (C 0.0 00 0.5 5 -0.5 0. -0. -0 -

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate and correlate the sagittal balance parameters with the postural of the pelvis and lumbar spine. Methods: 80 individuals of both sexes, aged between 20 and 35 years, were evaluated. Biophotogrammetry was done with the SAPO software program. Measurements of the sagittal balance parameters were obtained by analyzing a lateral view panoramic radiography of the vertebral column, in which the anatomical points of reference were digitally marked. The calculation of the angles was done automatically by the Keops program. Results: In Keops assessment, 17.5% of the sample had high pelvic incidence angles (> 60°), 31.5% had low pelvic incidence angles (< 45°), and 51.2% had medium pelvic incidence angles (between 46° and 59°). SAPO showed 12,5% lordosis, 40% retroversion, and 47,5% normal curvature. In the right lateral view, pelvic incidence angle had a moderate and positive correlation with vertical alignment of the trunk and with vertical alignment of the body, and a negative and moderate correlation with horizontal alignment of the pelvis. Conclusion: Differences were found between vertical alignment measurements from the postural evaluation system (SAPO). A positive correlation was found between PI from Keops and pelvic anteversion from SAPO. Level of Evidence II; Prospective Study. Objective spine Methods 8 sexes 2 3 years evaluated program column marked Results assessment 175 17 5 17.5 > ( 60°, 60 60° , 60°) 315 31 31.5 < 45°, 45 45° 45°) 512 51 51.2 46 59°. 59 59° . 59°) 125 12 12,5 lordosis 40 retroversion 475 47 47,5 curvature body Conclusion (SAPO) II Study 1 17. 6 31. 4 51. 12, 47, (SAPO

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar e correlacionar o equilíbrio sagital com parâmetros posturais da pelve e coluna lombar Métodos: Foram avaliados 80 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 20 e 35 anos. A biofotogrametria foi realizada com o software SAPO. As medidas dos parâmetros do equilíbrio sagital foram obtidas pela análise de uma radiografia panorâmica em perfil da coluna vertebral, na qual os pontos anatômicos de referência foram marcados digitalmente. O cálculo dos ângulos foi feito automaticamente pelo programa Keops. Resultados: Na avaliação Keops, 17,5% da amostra apresentavam ângulos de incidência pélvicos altos (> 60°), 31,5% tinham ângulos de incidência pélvicos baixos (< 45°) e 51,2% apresentavam ângulos de incidência pélvicos médios (entre 46° e 59°). O SAPO apresentou 12,5% de lordose, 40% de retroversão e 47,5% de curvatura normal. Na vista lateral direita, o ângulo de incidência da pelve apresentou correlação moderada e positiva com o alinhamento vertical do tronco e com o alinhamento vertical do corpo e negativa e moderada com o alinhamento horizontal da pelve. Conclusão: Foram encontradas diferenças entre as medidas de alinhamento vertical do sistema de avaliação postural (SAPO). Uma correlação positiva foi encontrada entre IP de Keops e anteversão pélvica de SAPO. Nível de Evidência II; Estudo Prospectivo. Objetivo Métodos 8 sexos 2 3 anos vertebral digitalmente Resultados 175 17 5 17,5 > ( 60°, 60 60° , 60°) 315 31 31,5 < 45° 45 512 51 51,2 46 59°. 59 59° . 59°) 125 12 12,5 lordose 40 475 47 47,5 normal direita Conclusão (SAPO) II Prospectivo 1 17, 6 31, 4 51, 12, 47, (SAPO

Abstract Introduction An accurate assessment of balance problems is critical for decreasing the risk of falling in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD). Reliable diagnostic tools such as Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP) are not feasible for the clinical setting. Therefore, the present study's aim was to assess the correlation between the clinical Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) and CDP. Methods 20 male older adults with Parkinson's Disease (PD) were included in this study. Participants first executed the Sit-To-Stand (STS), Step/Quick turn (SQT), and Step Up and Over (SUO) tests on a Balance Master® force platform, followed by a clinical balance evaluation using the BESTest. Results Four outcomes of the CDP were negatively correlated with one or more BESTest domains or total BESTest score: STS sway velocity was negatively correlated with the anticipatory postural adjustment (p = 0.02) and sensory orientation (p = 0.01) domains. SQT turn time was negatively correlated with biomechanical restriction (for turns to the left, p = 0.01, and right, p = 0.03, respectively), postural response (p = 0.01, p = 0.01), dynamic balance during gait (p = 0.007, p = 0.001), and total score (p = 0.02, p = 0.01). Step over time to the right in SUP was negatively correlated with the limits of the stability domain (p = 0.002) and total BESTest score (p = 0.020). SUO impact index was negatively correlated with the anticipatory postural adjustment domain (p = 0.01). Conclusion This study shows that several BESTest domains are significantly correlated with CDP outcomes, demonstrating that the BESTest can be used as a more clinically feasible alternative for computerized posturography, without loss of information. Parkinsons Parkinson s PD. PD . (CDP setting Therefore studys (BESTest 2 (PD SitToStand Sit To Stand STS, , (STS) StepQuick Quick SQT, (SQT) (SUO Master platform 0.02 002 0 02 0.01 001 01 left 003 03 0.03 respectively, respectively respectively) 0007 007 0.007 0.001, 0001 0.001 0.001) 0.01. 0.002 0002 0.020. 0020 0.020 020 0.020) posturography information (STS (SQT 0.0 00 000 0.00 0.

Abstract Context: Many studies show the importance of evaluating the adaptation time of subjects in a virtual driving environment, looking forwards to a response as closest as a possible real vehicle. Objectives: This study aimed to identify and analyze the adaptation to the driving simulator in older adults and middle-aged adults with and without a distraction, and a secondary aim was to identify predictors of safe performance for older adults’ drives. Design: Male and female middle-aged adults (n = 62, age = 30.3 ± 7.1 years) and older adults (n = 102, age = 70.4 ± 5.8 years) were evaluated for braking time performance in a driving simulator; cognition performance assessment included the Mini-Mental State Examination; motor evaluation included ankle flexor muscle strength with the isokinetic dynamometer and handgrip strength; the postural balance was evaluated with Timed Up and Go test, with and without a cognitive distraction task. Results: Older adults (men and women) and middle-aged adult women require more time to adapt to the driving simulator. The distractor increases the adaptation time for all groups. The main predictors of braking time for older women are age, muscle strength, and postural balance associated with distraction, and for older men, muscle strength. Conclusions: Age, sex, and distractor interfere in the adaptation of the virtual task of driving in a simulator. The evaluation model developed with multi-domains demonstrated the ability to predict which skills are related to braking time with and without the presence of the distractor. Context environment vehicle Objectives middleaged middle aged drives Design n 62 303 30 3 30. 71 7 1 7. years 102 704 70 4 70. 58 5 8 5. MiniMental Mini Mental Examination test Results men groups Conclusions Age sex multidomains multi domains 6 10

Abstract Context: Transtibial Amputation (TA) predisposes to a sedentary lifestyle. Objectives: To evaluate the efficiency of a short-term (8-week) Concurrent Training (CT) program in Unilateral Transtibial Amputees (UTA) and to compare it with the physical condition of a group of Paralympic athletes in preparation for the Rio de Janeiro Paralympics. Design: This was a longitudinal, prospective and controlled trial study. Methods: Thirty-four male subjects with UTA and using prostheses for six months or more were selected for this study. They were divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1) – 17 non-athlete and untrained UTA and Group 2 (G2) – 17 paralympic athletes with active UTA in the training phase. G1 was evaluated before and after eight weeks of CT and G2 made a single evaluation for control. All were submitted to anamnesis, clinical evaluation (blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and heart rate) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a lower limb cycle ergometer, and isokinetic knee dynamometry. The CT of G1 included resistance exercise and aerobic interval training on a stationary bicycle and G2 followed the training of the Paralympic teams. Results: Patients were retested by the same methods after CT. The two most important central dependent variables (maximal oxygen uptake and muscular strength) increased by 22% and knee extensor and flexor strength by 106% and 97%, respectively. Conclusion: After eight weeks of CT, there was an improvement in general functional condition, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory performance improving protection against chronic diseases and quality of life. Context TA (TA lifestyle Objectives shortterm short term 8week week 8 (8-week (CT (UTA Paralympics Design longitudinal study Methods Thirtyfour Thirty four groups G (G1 nonathlete non athlete (G2 phase control anamnesis blood pressure electrocardiogram rate ergometer dynamometry teams Results maximal 22 106 97 97% respectively Conclusion life (G 10 9

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la percepción de salud, calidad de vida y capacidad funcional durante seis meses posteriores a la hospitalización por COVID-19. Se trata de un estudio prospectivo longitudinal, realizado en la Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT) y el Instituto Ânima Brasil. Se evaluaron a trece participantes, entre adultos jóvenes y adultos mayores, que tenían diagnóstico confirmado del COVID-19 y se encontraban hospitalizados por complicaciones de esa enfermedad. Se utilizó un cuestionario de caracterización e interdisciplinario elaborado por los investigadores para evaluar la percepción de salud, la calidad de vida y la capacidad funcional de los participantes. En este estudio se realizó seguimiento de los participantes durante un período de seis meses, y los principales resultados fueron: un significativo aumento en el tiempo de caminata después de tres meses (p=0,002), así como una mejora en la percepción de la calidad de vida (p=0,002). Además, se evaluaron los niveles de cansancio y de actividad física, y las respuestas medias fueron “poco cansado” e “irregularmente activo”, las cuales se mantuvieron sin cambios durante seis meses. Considerando que los pacientes que fueron hospitalizados por COVID-19 presentaron una reducción en la percepción de calidad de vida y en el tiempo de marcha tras el período en el hospital, se identificó que con el tiempo tienden a mejorar estas percepciones. salud COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 longitudinal USJT (USJT Brasil mayores COVID-1 enfermedad p=0,002, p0002 p p=0,002 , 0 002 (p=0,002) p=0,002. . Además física poco cansado irregularmente activo, activo activo” hospital percepciones COVID1 1 COVID- p000 p=0,00 00 (p=0,002 p00 p=0,0 (p=0,00 p0 p=0, (p=0,0 p=0 (p=0, p= (p=0 (p= (p

ABSTRACT The study aims to evaluate the perception of health, quality of life and functional capacity during six months after COVID-19-related hospitalization. This is a prospective longitudinal study carried out at Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT) in partnership with the Instituto Ânima Brasil. Thirteen adult participants, including young and older adults, were evaluated, had a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and were hospitalized. A characterization and interdisciplinary questionnaire built by the researchers was used to assess health perception, quality of life, and functional capacity of participants. In this study, participants were followed for a 6-month period and the main results obtained were: the identification of a significant increase in walking time after three months (p=0.002) as well as an improvement in the perception of quality of life (p=0.002). In addition, the levels of tiredness and physical activity were evaluated; the mean responses were “little tired” and “irregularly active,” respectively, and remained unchanged over six months. Considering that patients who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 showed a reduction in the perception of quality of life and walking time soon after the hospital period, it was identified that over time they tend to improve these perceptions. COVID19related COVIDrelated COVID 19 related hospitalization USJT (USJT Brasil adults evaluated COVID19 COVID-1 6month month 6 p=0.002 p0002 p 0 002 (p=0.002 p=0.002. . addition little tired irregularly active, active respectively perceptions 1 COVID1 COVID- p=0.00 p000 00 (p=0.00 p=0.0 p00 (p=0.0 p=0. p0 (p=0. p=0 (p=0 p= (p= (p

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a percepção de saúde, a qualidade de vida e a capacidade funcional dos pacientes durante seis meses após a internação por COVID-19. Trata-se de um estudo de delineamento prospectivo longitudinal realizado na Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT) em parceria com o Instituto Ânima Brasil. Foram avaliados 13 participantes adultos, entre jovens e idosos, que apresentaram diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19 e foram internados. Foi utilizado um questionário de caracterização e interdisciplinar construído especificamente para inquirir a percepção de saúde, a qualidade de vida e a capacidade funcional dos participantes. Neste estudo, eles foram acompanhados no período de seis meses, e os principais resultados obtidos foram: a identificação do aumento significativo no tempo de caminhada após três meses (p=0,002), bem como a melhora na percepção de qualidade de vida (p=0,002). Além disso, foram avaliados os níveis de cansaço e de prática de atividade física, e as respostas médias foram, respectivamente, “pouco cansaço” e “irregularmente ativo”, as quais se mantiveram inalteradas ao longo de seis meses. Tendo em vista que os pacientes que foram submetidos à internação hospitalar devido à COVID-19 apresentaram redução da percepção de qualidade de vida e do tempo de caminhada logo após o período hospitalar, foi identificado que, com o decorrer do tempo, eles demonstraram tendência de melhora dessas percepções. saúde COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 Tratase Trata USJT (USJT Brasil 1 adultos idosos COVID-1 internados p=0,002, p0002 p p=0,002 , 0 002 (p=0,002) p=0,002. . disso física respectivamente pouco irregularmente ativo, ativo ativo” percepções COVID1 COVID- p000 p=0,00 00 (p=0,002 p00 p=0,0 (p=0,00 p0 p=0, (p=0,0 p=0 (p=0, p= (p=0 (p= (p

ABSTRACT Objective: Fatigue of the ankle’s stabilizing muscles may influence the performance of functional activities and postural control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of healthy young adults using functional jump tests and static posturography control under pre- and post-fatigue conditions of the ankle invertor and evertor muscles. Methods: Thirty physically active healthy male and female (15 male and 15 female) volunteers (24.3 years) were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study. Participants performed tests on one day under a non-fatigued state of invertor and evertor muscles and on the second day in a fatigued state. Tests included static posturography on a force platform in a bipedal stance with eyes open and closed and in one-legged support with eyes open and functional jump tests (figure-of-8, side hop, 6-m crossover hop, and square hop). Fatigue of the ankle invertor and evertor muscles was induced using isokinetic dynamometry with 30 repetitions at 120°/s. Results: Participants had an average age of 24.3 years (SD ± 2.08), the height of 1.73 m (SD ± 0.08), and a weight of 68.63 kg (SD ± 10.29). The average Body Mass Index (BMI) was 22.88 (SD ± 2.46). A decrease in performance was observed in functional activities and postural control under all conditions after the induction of muscle fatigue, except for the speed at a bipedal stance with eyes open. Conclusions: Functional jump tests are low cost and useful for clinical practice and evaluation of the effects of muscle fatigue and could be used in clinical practice.

Abstract Context Aging causes a progressive worsening in postural balance, affecting functional independence and increasing the risk of falls. Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of aging on the static balance in women from 50-years to 89-years of age. Design This was a cross-sectional study, with 400 irregularly active women were evaluated and grouped by age: Group 6thdecade (age 50 to 59) ‒ 58 participants; Group 7thdecade (age 60 to 69) ‒ 214 participants; Group 8thdecade (age 70 to 79) ‒ 92 participants; Group 9thdecade (age 80 to 89) ‒ 36 participants. Postural balance was evaluated using a portable force platform in a standard standing position, with Eyes Open (EO) and Eyes Closed (EC). Results In the two measurement conditions, the elderly women in Group 9thdecade presented mediolateral displacement and range, and mean velocity greater than the women's values in Groups 6thand 7thdecade. In the EO e EC situation, the displacement was higher in the elderly Group 9thdecade compared to younger groups. Group 8thhas a mean velocity greater than Group 6thdecade in the EO situation. Conclusions Posturography showed a decline in postural balance with advancing age, suggesting that the 9thdecade of life is a borderline age to this detriment due to an increase in postural instability.

Abstract Context In the elderly, weak lower limb muscles impair functional tasks' performance. Objective To evaluate the healthy elderly's ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion maximum torque and its variability in two sets of 5 RM isokinetics evaluation. Method 50 women (68.0 ± 4.6 years old) and 50 men (72.7 ± 8.5 years old) did two sets of ankle plantar flexor and dorsiflexor isokinetic tests at 30°/s. Peak torque, total work, and coefficient of variation were analyzed. Results Men did the strongest plantarflexion torque (p < 0.05) and dorsiflexion torque (p < 0.05); their highest peak torque occurred at set 2 (p < 0.05), while the largest plantarflexion torque variability (p < 0.05), dorsiflexion torque variability (p < 0.05), and the largest plantarflexion torque variability occurred at set 1 (p < 0.05). Men did the highest plantarflexion and dorsiflexion total work (p < 0.05) at set 2 (p < 0.05). Conclusion Older men are stronger than older women. The torque variability, in men, was higher during the first set, suggesting an adaptation to the isokinetics evaluation. Clinicians and researchers should consider that different muscles might need different numbers of sets and trials to measure their maximal muscle strength.

Abstract Context: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury is disabling in several sports because it causes knee instability and functional deficit. Usually, surgical treatments produce the best functional outcomes, however, sometimes they are not always able to fully restore stability and function. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate postural balance, muscle strength, and functional performance of young athletes with an ACL injury before and after ACL reconstruction. Design: This was a longitudinal observational prospective study. Method: 74 athletes, 60 men, and 14 women, aged between 16 and 45, divided into two groups: the Group-Lesion of ACL with 34 athletes (24.1 years) and the Group-Control with 40 athletes without ACL lesion (27.7 years old). All volunteers performed posturography, isokinetic dynamometry, and the Hop-Test. The ACL-Group was evaluated before and 12 months after the reconstruction and the control group was evaluated once. Results: The Postoperative ACL Group presented greater limb symmetry, 0.96 (± 0.12), than the preoperative ACL Group, 0.87 (± 0.17), p < 0.01 in the Hop-Test. In the posturography, the displacement area was smaller in the postoperative ACL Group, 19.85 (± 5.74), compared to the preoperative ACL Group, 24.20 (± 8.97), p < 0.01. In isokinetic dynamometry the torque peak was greater in the postoperative ACL Group, 0.91 (± 0.14), than in the preoperative ACL Group, 0.74 (± 0.15), p < 0.01. Conclusion: The functional outcomes increased in ACL reconstruction athletes after 12 months, but not at the same level as in the Control Group. The result indicates an incomplete functional recovery, adaptive changes in postural control after injury, reconstruction, and return to sport.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a relação da antropometria e composição corporal com o equilíbrio postural dinâmico em idosas com baixa Densidade Mineral Óssea (DMO). Métodos: 45 idosas (≥ 60 anos), baixa DMO e diagnóstico nutricional entre baixo peso e sobrepeso. Para a avaliação da composição corporal utilizou-se a densitometria por emissão de raios x de dupla energia e exame antropométrico para aferir: massa corporal (kg), estatura (cm) e índice de massa corporal (IMC) (k/m2). A avaliação do equilíbrio postural dinâmico foi realizada pelo teste clínico mini Balance Master Evaluation System, pelo teste computadorizado Balance Master ® System e pelos testes Sit-to-Stand e Step Up/Over. Resultados: Houve correlação negativa do miniBESTest (r = − 0,566; p ≤ 0,001) e tempo de subir e descer um degrau (r = − 0,393; p ≤ 0,007) com a massa gorda, e correlação positiva do miniBESTest (r = 0,526; p ≤ 0,001) e tempo de subir e descer um degrau com a massa muscular (r = 0,297; p ≤ 0,04). Quanto às variáveis antropométricas, apenas a estatura apresentou correlação positiva (r = 0,296; p ≤ 0,04) com a velocidade no teste de sentar-se e levantar-se. Conclusão: A massa magra reduz as oscilações posturais. Em contrapartida, a massa gorda interfere de forma negativa no equilíbrio postural dinâmico de mulheres com baixa DMO. A estatura esteve relacionada ao equilíbrio postural dinâmico: quanto mais altas as idosas pior era seu equilíbrio. Nível de Evidência II, Estudos prognósticos - Investigação do efeito de característica de um paciente sobre o desfecho da doença.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the relationship between anthropometry and body composition with dynamic postural balance in elderly women with low bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: 45 older women (≥ 60 years), low BMD and nutritional diagnosis of low weight to overweight. For the assessment of body composition, Dual energy X-ray emission densitometry and anthropometric examination were used to measure: body mass (kg), height (cm) and BMI (k/m2). The assessment of dynamic postural balance was performed by the mini Balance Master Evaluation System clinical test and the computerized Balance Master® System test by the Sit to Stand and Step Up/Over tests. Results: There was a negative correlation between miniBESTest (r = − 0.566; p ≤ 0.001) and time to ascend and descend step (r = − 0.393; p ≤ 0.007) with fat mass, and positive correlation with miniBESTest (r = 0.526; p ≤0.001) and time to go up and down a step with muscle mass (r = 0.297; p ≤ 0.04). As for anthropometric variables, only height showed a positive correlation (r = 0.296; p ≤ 0.04) with the speed in the sit and stand test. Conclusion: Lean mass reduces postural oscillations; in contrast, fat mass negatively interfered with dynamic postural balance in women with low BMD. Height was related to dynamic postural balance, the taller the elderly, the worse their balance. Level of Evidence II, Prognostic Studies - Investigating the Effect of a Patient Characteristic on the Outcome of Disease.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, ground reaction force (GRF), and function of the plantar muscles and dorsiflexors of the ankle in runners with and without Achilles tendinopathy (AT) and in non-runners. METHODS: Seventy-two participants (42 men, 30 women; mean age: 37.3±9.9 years) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study and divided into three groups: AT group (ATG, n=24), healthy runners’ group (HRG, n=24), and non-runners’ group (NRG, n=24). Both ankles were evaluated in each group. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale was used for clinical and functional evaluation. GRF was evaluated using force plates and muscle strength was evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer. RESULTS: The AOFAS scores were lower in the ATG. The strike impulse was higher in the ATG than in the HRG and NRG. However, GRF was similar among the groups. The ATG exhibited lower total work at 120°/s speed than the HRG. The peak torque in concentric dorsiflexion was lower in the NRG than in the ATG and HRG. The peak torque and total work in concentric plantar flexion were lower in the NRG than in the ATG. The peak torque and total work in eccentric plantar flexion were lower in the NRG than in the ATG and HRG. CONCLUSION: Runners with AT showed higher strike impulse, lower muscle strength of the plantar flexors, and higher clinical and functional damage.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the physical and pulmonary capacities of hospitalized patients with severe coronavirus disease and its correlation with the time of hospitalization and complications involved. METHODS: A total of 54 patients, aged ≥18 years of both sexes, were evaluated 2-4 months after hospital discharge in São Paulo, Brazil. The physical characteristics analyzed were muscle strength, balance, flexibility, and pulmonary function. The K-means cluster algorithm was used to identify patients with similar physical and pulmonary capacities, related to the time of hospitalization. RESULTS: Two clusters were derived using the K-means algorithm. Patients allocated in cluster 1 had fewer days of hospitalization, intensive care, and intubation than those in cluster 2, which reflected a better physical performance, strength, balance, and pulmonary condition, even 2-4 months after discharge. Days of hospitalization were inversely related to muscle strength, physical performance, and lung function: hand grip D (r=−0.28, p=0.04), Short Physical Performance Battery score (r=−0.28, p=0.03), and forced vital capacity (r=−0.29, p=0.03). CONCLUSION: Patients with a longer hospitalization time and complications progressed with greater loss of physical and pulmonary capacities.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a influência da neuropatia diabética periférica (NDP) no equilíbrio postural, atividades funcionais e na qualidade de vida em idosos. Métodos: Estudo transversal. Avaliamos 60 homens e mulheres idosos (60-79 anos) divididos em três grupos: controle, DM sem e com NDP. Foram avaliados: antropometria; qualidade de vida; equilíbrio postural (BESTest); atividades funcionais pelo equilíbrio funcional na placa de força (NeuroCom Balance). Resultados: Grupo NDP apresentou diferenças comparado a outros grupos, pior desempenho na qualidade de vida que o DM2 sem NDP em: funcionamento sensorial (p = 0,030); passado e futuro (p = 0,036); morte e morrer (p = 0,035). Déficit de equilíbrio postural no escore total (p = 0,025) e seção de restrições biomédicas (p = 0,043) do BESTest comparado ao DM2 sem NDP (p = 0,007). No equilíbrio funcional (Neurocom), o grupo NDP apresentou pior desempenho no tempo gasto no lado esquerdo (p = 0,030) comparado ao grupo controle. Durante a etapa de teste, o grupo controle executou a tarefa mais rapidamente que o grupo NDP (p = 0,004). Conclusão: Neuropatas apresentaram pior desempenho físico e déficits no equilíbrio postural, limitações sensoriais, afetando as tarefas diárias da doença e, consequentemente, diminuição da qualidade de vida em idosos brasileiros. Nível de Evidência II, Estudo observacional transversal.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the impact of the Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathy (PDN) on the postural and functional balance and quality of life of Brazilian older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study. Sixty older men and women (60-79 years) were divided into three groups: control, DM without and with PDN. The following parameters were evaluated: anthropometry; quality of life; postural balance (BESTest); functional balance in force plate (NeuroCom Balance). Results: PDN group presented significant differences compared with the other groups, with the worst performance in quality of life than DM2 without PDN in: sensory functioning (p = 0.030); past and future (p = 0.036); death and dying (p = 0.035). Postural balance deficit in the total score (p = 0.025) and biomedical constraints section (p = 0.043) of the BESTest, compared with DM2 without PDN (p = 0.007). In the functional balance (Neurocom), PDN group presented a worse performance in the time spent on the left side (p = 0.030) than the control group. During step up over test, the control group performed the task faster than the group with PDN (p = 0.004). Conclusion: This study showed that neuropaths presented worse physical performance and postural balance deficits, sensorial limitations, affecting the daily tasks and, as a consequence, decreasing the quality of life in Brazilian older adults. Level of Evidence II, Cross-sectional observational study.

RESUMO Introdução: O limite de estabilidade caracteriza-se pelo ângulo máximo de inclinação que um indivíduo pode alcançar e pela maior variabilidade em condições extremas; trata-se de uma estratégia arrojada e/ou perigosa do controle motor. Objetivos: Avaliar se as medidas antropométricas e a composição corporal interferem nos limites de estabilidade e nas descargas de peso em diferentes velocidades em adultos. Métodos: Foram analisados 87 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, entre 20 a 40 anos de idade, por meio de avaliação antropométrica e composição corporal. Para as avaliações de equilíbrio foram usados uma plataforma de força, testes de limite de estabilidade (LE) e troca rítmica de peso (TRP). Resultados: No teste de LE, o sexo feminino correlacionou-se negativamente com o tamanho do pé e o tempo de reação e positivamente com a excursão máxima. Na TRP, o grupo feminino apresentou correlação negativa com estatura e comprimento do membro superior (CMS) com controle de direção médio-lateral. O grupo masculino apresentou correlação negativa com CMS e controle de direção látero-lateral. Conclusões: As variáveis de composição corporal não interferem nos testes de LE e TRP em indivíduos que apresentam valores de índice de massa corporal (IMC) dentro da normalidade, exceto a densitometria óssea (DMO) em mulheres. Quanto aos parâmetros antropométricos, estatura, CMS e tamanho dos pés no grupo feminino e no masculino foram os seguintes: CMS e tamanho dos pés têm pouca influência no controle do equilíbrio postural. Nível de evidência II, Estudos diagnósticos – Investigação de um exame para diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The limit of stability is characterized by the maximum angle of inclination that an individual can reach and greater variability in extreme conditions; it is a bold and/or dangerous motor control strategy. Objective: Assess whether anthropometric measurements and body composition interfere with limits of stability and weight-bearing at different speeds in adults. Methods: Eighty-seven subjects of both sexes aged between 20 and 40 years were analyzed using anthropometric assessment and body composition. A force platform, limits of stability (LoS) and rhythmic weight shift (RWS) tests were used for the balance assessments. Results: In the LoS test, being female was negatively correlated with foot size and reaction time, and positively correlated with maximum excursion. In the RWS test, the female group had a negative correlation with height and upper limb length (ULL), with mediolateral directional control. The male group had a negative correlation with ULL and laterolateral directional control. Conclusion: Body composition variables do not interfere in the LoS and RWS tests in subjects with normal body mass index (BMI) values, except for bone densitometry (BMD) in women. As regards anthropometric parameters, height, ULL and foot size in the female and male groups were as follows: ULL and foot size exert little influence on postural balance control. Level of evidence II, Diagnostic studies - Investigation of a diagnostic test.

RESUMEN Introducción: El límite de estabilidad se caracteriza por el ángulo de inclinación máximo que puede alcanzar un individuo y por la mayor variabilidad en condiciones extremas; se trata de una estrategia audaz y/o peligrosa de control motor. Objetivos: Evaluar si las medidas antropométricas y la composición corporal interfieren en los límites de estabilidad y en las descargas de peso en diferentes velocidades en adultos. Métodos: Fueron analizados 87 individuos de ambos sexos, entre 20 a 40 años de edad, por medio de evaluación antropométrica y composición corporal. Para las evaluaciones de equilibrio se usaron una plataforma de fuerza, tests de límite de estabilidad (LE) e intercambio rítmico de peso (IRP). Resultados: En el test de LE, el sexo femenino se correlacionó negativamente con el tamaño del pie y el tiempo de reacción y positivamente con la excursión máxima. En el IRP el grupo femenino presentó correlación negativa con estatura y longitud de miembros superiores (LMS) con control de dirección medio-lateral. El grupo masculino presentó correlación negativa con LMS y control de dirección latero-lateral. Conclusiones: Las variables de composición corporal no interfieren en los tests LE y IRP en individuos que presentan valores de índice de masa corporal (IMC) dentro de la normalidad, excepto la densitometría ósea (DMO) en mujeres. Sobre los parámetros antropométricos, estatura, LMS y tamaño de los pies en el grupo femenino y en el masculino fueron los siguientes: LMS y tamaño de los pies tienen poca influencia en el control del equilibrio postural. Nivel de evidencia II, Estudios diagnósticos - Investigación de un examen para diagnóstico.