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Tratamiento de las fracturas maxilofaciales en un hospital cubano durante la pandemia de COVID-19
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Corrales Reyes, Ibraín Enrique

; Morales Navarro, Denia

; Blanco, Alejandro Ernesto Núñez

; Cruz Sánchez, Vanesa

Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Biomédicas

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2024, Volume 43 elocation e1841

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Introducción: La epidemiología de las fracturas maxilofaciales varía en dependencia de los estilos de vida, el nivel cultural y el estatus socioeconómico en diferentes zonas geográficas. Objetivo: Caracterizar epidemiológica y terapéuticamente a los pacientes con fracturas maxilofaciales, atendidos en un hospital universitario cubano durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal a los pacientes atendidos en el Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital General Universitario “Carlos Manuel de Céspedes” de Bayamo, provincia Granma, durante el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2020. Se estudiaron variables epidemiológicas y terapéuticas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 85 pacientes con 220 fracturas. Los hombres fueron los más afectados (n = 74; 87,06 %) y la proporción hombre/mujer resultó de 6,73:1. El grupo etario de 41-60 años (n = 40; 47,06 %) sobresalió. En el 38,89 % de los casos el trauma se relacionó con violencia interpersonal. Cincuenta y cuatro pacientes (63,52 %) tuvieron fracturas del complejo cigomático. El ángulo mandibular constituyó la localización anatómica más afectada. Las fracturas mandibulares se trataron fundamentalmente mediante reducción cerrada. Conclusiones: El perfil epidemiológico de las fracturas maxilofaciales se destacó en los pacientes adultos masculinos debido, principalmente, a la violencia interpersonal. Las fracturas complejas del tercio medio facial se trataron por método abierto. La distribución temporal de los casos mostró el impacto de la COVID-19 en la epidemiología de estos traumas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The epidemiology of maxillofacial fractures varies according to lifestyles, cultural level and socioeconomic status in different geographical areas. Objective: To characterize epidemiologically and therapeutically the patients with maxillofacial fractures treated in a Cuban university hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on patients attended at the Maxillofacial Surgery Service of the General University Hospital "Carlos Manuel de Céspedes" of Bayamo, Granma province, between January 1 and December 31, 2020. Epidemiological and therapeutic variables were studied. Results: 85 patients with 220 fractures were included. Men were the most affected (n = 74; 87.06 %) and the male/female ratio was 6.73:1. The age group 41-60 years (n = 40; 47.06 %) stood out. In 38.89 % of the cases the trauma was related to interpersonal violence. Fifty-four patients (63.52 %) had fractures of the zygomatic complex. The mandibular angle was the most damaged anatomical location. Fractures were treated primarily by closed reduction. Conclusions: The epidemiological profile of maxillofacial fractures was prominent in adult male patients mainly due to interpersonal violence. Complex fractures of the midfacial third were treated by open method. The temporal distribution of the cases showed the impact of COVID-19 on the epidemiology of these traumas.

Caracterización de las fracturas nasales atendidas en el servicio de urgencias de cirugía maxilofacial de Bayamo
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Núñez-Blanco, Alejandro Ernesto

; Trujillo Pacheco, Sandra

Multimed

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aug 2022, Volume 26 N. 4 elocation e2032

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO A fratura nasal é a mais frequente entre as fraturas dos ossos faciais, sendo capaz de gerar alterações estéticas importantes e, por sua vez, determinar alterações na funcionalidade, tratando-as imediatamente evita complicações para o paciente. Com o objetivo de caracterizar as fraturas nasais atendidas no pronto-socorro de cirurgia maxilofacial do hospital Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo que incluiu todos os pacientes (105) que foram atendidos ambulatorialmente com diagnóstico de fratura nasal recente no pronto-socorro no período de janeiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2019. As variáveis estudadas foram idade, sexo, origem, fatores etiológicos, sinais clínicos, classificação segundo deslocamento, exposição do foco da fratura e direção do trauma. Um formulário de coleta de dados foi preparado. Foram utilizados números completos, percentuais e tabelas estatísticas. Foram seguidos princípios éticos para a pesquisa humana. A população mais afetada foi entre 20 e 29 anos, de origem urbana e do sexo masculino. Foi encontrada associação entre sexo e fatores etiológicos, com aagressão física predominante em homens e quedas casuais nas mulheres. O principal sinal clínico presente nos pacientes foi a epistaxe. Fraturas nasais deslocadas, com desvios laterais e fechados predominaram em ambos os sexos.

ABSTRACT The nasal fracture is the most frequent among the fractures of the facial bones, being able to generate important aesthetic alterations and in turn determine changes in functionality, treating them immediately avoids complications for the patient. In order to characterize the nasal fractures treated in the maxillofacial surgery emergency service of the “Carlos Manuel de Céspedes” hospital, a descriptive observational study was carried out that included all the patients (105) who were seen outpatiently with a diagnosis of recent nasal fracture in the emergency department in the period from January 2018 to December 2019. The variables studied were age, sex, origin, etiological factors, clinical signs, classification according to displacement, exposure of the fracture site and direction of the trauma. A data collection sheet was prepared. Whole numbers, percentages and statistical tables were used. Ethical principles for human research were followed. The most affected population was between 20 and 29 years of age, of urban origin and male. An association was found between sex and etiological factors, predominantly physical aggression in men and accidental falls in women. The main clinical sign present in the patients was epistaxis. Displaced nasal fractures with lateral and closed deviations predominated in both sexes.

RESUMEN La fractura nasal es la más frecuente entre las fracturas de los huesos faciales, pudiendo generar alteraciones estéticas importantes y a su vez determinar cambios en la funcionalidad, tratarlas de forma inmediata evita complicaciones al paciente. Con el objetivo de caracterizar las fracturas nasales atendidas en el servicio de urgencias de cirugía maxilofacial del hospital “Carlos Manuel de Céspedes” se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo que incluyó todos los pacientes (105) que fueron atendidos ambulatoriamente con diagnóstico de fractura nasal reciente en el servicio de urgencias en el período de enero 2018 a diciembre del 2019. Las variables estudiadas fueron edad, sexo, procedencia, factores etiológicos, signos clínicos, clasificación según desplazamiento, exposición del foco de fractura y dirección del trauma. Se confeccionó una planilla de recolección de datos. Se emplearon números enteros, porcentajes y tablas estadísticas. Se siguieron los principios éticos para la investigación en humanos. La población más afectada se encontró entre los 20 y 29 años de edad, de procedencia urbana y del sexo masculino. Se encontró asociación entre el sexo y los factores etiológicos, predominando las agresiones físicas en hombres y las caídas casuales en mujeres. El principal signo clínico presente en los pacientes fue la epistaxis. Las fracturas nasales desplazadas, con desviaciones laterales y cerradas predominaron en ambos sexos.

Características clínicas, epidemiológicas y terapéuticas de pacientes con carcinoma epidermoide de cavidad bucal
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Corrales-Reyes, Ibraín Enrique

; Cruz-Sánchez, Vanesa

; Núñez-Blanco, Alejandro Ernesto

; Cossio-Alva, Bryan Alexis

Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar

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jun 2022, Volume 51 N. 2 elocation e1902

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: Head and neck region is one of the more complex areas of the body and the squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignant neoplasm in this location. Objective: To characterize, from a clinic, epidemiologic and therapeutic point of view, patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study with patients treated in maxillofacial surgery service between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2020. Clinic, epidemiologic and therapeutic variables were analyzed. The information was obtained through interview and clinical examination. Absolute frequencies and percentages were used as summary measures. Results: Twenty-nine (29) patients, with a predominance of males (69.0 %), were studied. Mean age was 12 years (range between 41 and 80 years). The tongue was the most affected anatomical region (34.5 %) and the sunken or infiltrating ulcer was the most common clinical variant (27.6 %); 48.3 % of the neoplasms were differentiated histologically. 65.5 % of the diagnoses were made in advanced stages of the disease (stages III and IV). The most used treatments were surgery (31.0 %) and the combination of chemotherapy plus radiotherapy (27.6 %). Conclusion: Male patients, lingual lesions, ulcerated appearance and histologically differentiated predominated. The most used therapeutic modality was surgery.

RESUMEN Introducción: La región de la cabeza y el cuello es una de las áreas más complejas del cuerpo y el carcinoma epidermoide es la neoplasia maligna más frecuente en esta localización. Objetivo: Caracterizar, desde el punto de vista clínico, epidemiológico y terapéutico, los pacientes con carcinoma epidermoide de cavidad bucal. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en pacientes tratados en un servicio de cirugía maxilofacial entre el 1 de enero de 2018 y el 31 de diciembre de 2020. Se analizaron variables clínicas, epidemiológicas y terapéuticas. La información se obtuvo mediante la entrevista y el examen clínico. Como medidas de resumen se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. Resultados: Se estudiaron 29 pacientes, con predominio del sexo masculino (69,0 %). La edad media fue de 60,3 años (rango entre 41 y 80 años). La lengua fue la región anatómica más afectada (34,5 %) y la úlcera hundida o infiltrante la variante clínica de mayor presentación (27,6 %). El 48,3 % de las neoplasias fueron diferenciadas histológicamente. El 65,5 % de los diagnósticos se realizó en estadios avanzados de la enfermedad (etapas III y IV). Los tratamientos más utilizados fueron la cirugía (31,0 %) y la combinación de quimioterapia más radioterapia (27,6 %). Conclusión: Predominan los pacientes masculinos, las lesiones linguales, de aspecto ulcerado y diferenciadas histológicamente. La modalidad terapéutica más utilizada fue la cirugía.

Influence of home/school environments on children's obesity, diet, and physical activity: the SUECO study protocol
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Díez, Julia

; Gullón, Pedro

; Valiente, Roberto

; Cereijo, Luis

; Fontán-Vela, Mario

; Rapela, Alba

; Blanco, Alejandro

; Valero, Irene

; Haro, Agustín

; Blasco, Gema

; Díaz-Olalla, José Manuel

; Franco, Manuel

Gaceta Sanitaria

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feb 2022, Volume 36 N. 1 Pages 78 - 81

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Objective The SUECO study examines the relationship between urban obesogenic environments and health outcomes among school-age children in the city of Madrid, Spain. We will study how features of the urban environment (related to the food- and the physical activity environment) associate with children's anthropometrics, eating habits, and physical activity levels. Method We describe the study protocol of this multilevel study in a representative sample of school-age children in the city of Madrid (2017; n=5,961 children ages 3-12). Main outcome variables include anthropometrics (body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat), healthy and unhealthy consumption measures, and physical activity measures. The primary explanatory variables are grouped into food environment (e.g., unhealthy food retailers' density) and physical activity environment (e.g., walkability, physical activity opportunities) variable categories. Multilevel models will be used to calculate the associations between each indicator and obesity and physical inactivity.

Resumen Objetivo El estudio SUECO evaluará la relación entre el entorno urbano obesogénico y los resultados en salud en la población infantil escolarizada en Madrid. El estudio explorará cómo influyen las características del entorno urbano (relacionadas con la alimentación y con la actividad física) en las variables antropométricas, los hábitos alimentarios y la actividad física. Método Se presenta el protocolo de este estudio multinivel, realizado con una muestra representativa de población infantil escolarizada en la ciudad de Madrid (2017; n=5961 escolares de 3 a 12 años). Las principales variables de resultado incluyen antropometría (índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de cintura y porcentaje de grasa corporal), hábitos alimentarios (saludables y no saludables) y actividad física. Las principales variables independientes son contextuales (del entorno alimentario y del entorno de actividad física). Se utilizarán modelos de regresión multinivel para evaluar las asociaciones entre cada indicador contextual, la obesidad y la inactividad física.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.04.005

Influence of home/school environments on children's obesity, diet, and physical activity: the SUECO study protocol
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Díez, Julia

; Gullón, Pedro

; Valiente, Roberto

; Cereijo, Luis

; Fontán-Vela, Mario

; Rapela, Alba

; Blanco, Alejandro

; Valero, Irene

; Haro, Agustín

; Blasco, Gema

; Díaz-Olalla, José Manuel

; Franco, Manuel

Gaceta Sanitaria

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feb 2022, Volume 36 N. 1 Pages 78 - 81

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.04.005

Alejandro Guzmán Brito: su último homenaje en vida y sus aportes a la teoría del derecho y al trabajo de don Andrés Bello
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Vergara Blanco, Alejandro

Revista de estudios histórico-jurídicos

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2022, N. 44 Pages 135 - 141

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Brief memories of his last tribute in life, in the middle of the year 2021, and a approach to his work in two very specific subjects: theory of law and the study of the great Venezuelan-Chilean humanist, Andres Bello.

Resumen Breves recuerdos de su último homenaje en vida, a mediados del año 2021, y una aproximación a su obra en dos materias muy específicas: teoría del derecho y el estudio del gran humanista venezolano-chileno, Andrés Bello.

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LA DICOTOMÍA PÚBLICO / PRIVADO: ESTADO DE LA CUESTIÓN Y SU FUNCIÓN EN DERECHO ADMINISTRATIVO
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VERGARA BLANCO, ALEJANDRO

Revista de derecho (Concepción)

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dec 2021, Volume 89 N. 250 Pages 163 - 218

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT: In this writing the author makes a detailed exposition of the current consecration and discussion of the public/private dichotomy in Chile. Preceded by a review of the subject in legal history and comparative law, the state of the matter is exposed before the current constitutional and legal regulations; then it reviews its reception in jurisprudence through a relevant casuistry; and, finally, it reviews the discussion that has taken place in the national doctrine. Finally, the author analyzes and pronounces on the structure, identity and function of the dichotomy, from the perspective of administrative law.

RESUMEN: En este escrito el autor realiza una detallada exposición de la actual consagración y discusión de la dicotomía público / privado en Chile. Antecedido de una revisión del tema en la historia jurídica y en el derecho comparado, se expone el estado de la cuestión ante la actual normativa constitucional y legal chilena; revisa su acogimiento en la jurisprudencia a través de una casuística relevante; y, expone la discusión que se ha producido en la doctrina nacional. En fin, el autor analiza y se pronuncia sobre la estructura, identidad y función de la dicotomía, desde la perspectiva del derecho administrativo.

https://doi.org/10.29393/rd250-5dpav10005 114 downloads

Patrones de carrera de los sociólogos mexicanos, 1951-1970
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Blanco, Alejandro

; Jackson, Luiz

Estudios sociológicos

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apr 2021, Volume 39 N. 115 Pages 139 - 176

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: In this article we defend the hypothesis that the transformation of the practices and working styles of Mexican sociology in the 1950s was conditioned by an alteration in the social recruitment of its practitioners and their career patterns. To this end we collected pertinent biographical information (social origin, academic training, professional performance and intellectual production) on the directors and professors of the National School of Political and Social Sciences of the National Autonomous University of Mexico during the period between 1951 and 1970.

Resumen: En este artículo defendemos la hipótesis de que la transformación de las prácticas y estilos de trabajo de la sociología mexicana en la década de 1950 estuvo condicionada por una alteración en el reclutamiento social de sus practicantes y en sus patrones de carrera. Para tal fin, se reúne información biográfica pertinente (origen social, formación escolar, desempeño profesional y producción intelectual) de los directores y profesores de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el periodo comprendido entre 1951 y 1970.

https://doi.org/10.24201/es.2021v39n115.1971 86 downloads

Andrés Bello editor de derecho minero francés. Reedición de una traducción y de su manuscrito supuestamente inédito
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Vergara Blanco, Alejandro

Revista de estudios histórico-jurídicos

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aug 2020, N. 42 Pages 835 - 855

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract A text on French mining law published in two parts by Andrés Bello in El Araucano in 1842, with the title of “Administrative Law Course by M. Cotelle: 3 volumes 8, Paris”, is reproduced with aggregates and some critical apparatus. This text was being attributed to Bello as an author, although he is its translator. It also shows the connection of this text with a manuscript of Bello, which turns out to be the draft of that translation, of which only the last sheet is preserved. The brief initial notes refer to the content and relevance of this text for the study of the sources of Chilean mining law and the possible motivations of Bello to publish it, given the time it was made.

Resumen Se reproduce, con agregados y algún aparato crítico, un texto sobre derecho minero francés publicado en dos partes por Andrés Bello en El Araucano en el año 1842, con el título de “Curso de Derecho Administrativo por M. Cotelle: 3 tomos 8.° Paris”. Este texto venía siendo atribuido a Bello como autor, a pesar de que es su traductor. Se muestra, además, la conexión de este texto con un manuscrito de Bello, que resulta ser el borrador de esa traducción, del que se conserva únicamente la última hoja. Las breves anotaciones iniciales se refieren al contenido y relevancia de ese texto para el estudio de las fuentes del derecho minero chileno y a las posibles motivaciones de Bello para publicarlo, dada la época en que se realizó.

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10.

Development of a small panel of SNPs to infer ancestry in Chileans that distinguishes Aymara and Mapuche components
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Verdugo, Ricardo A.

; Genova, Alex Di

; Herrera, Luisa

; Moraga, Mauricio

; Acuña, Mónica

; Berríos, Soledad

; Llop, Elena

; Valenzuela, Carlos Y.

; Bustamante, M. Leonor

; Digman, Dayhana

; Symon, Adriana

; Asenjo, Soledad

; López, Pamela

; Blanco, Alejandro

; Suazo, José

; Barozet, Emmanuelle

; Caba, Fresia

; Villalón, Marcelo

; Alvarado, Sergio

; Cáceres, Dante

; Salgado, Katherine

; Portales, Pilar

; Moreno-Estrada, Andrés

; Gignoux, Christopher R.

; Sandoval, Karla

; Bustamante, Carlos D.

; Eng, Celeste

; Huntsman, Scott

; Burchard, Esteban G.

; Loira, Nicolás

; Maass, Alejandro

; Cifuentes, Lucía

Biological Research

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2020, Volume 53 elocation 15

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: Current South American populations trace their origins mainly to three continental ancestries, i.e. European, Amerindian and African. Individual variation in relative proportions of each of these ancestries may be confounded with socio-economic factors due to population stratification. Therefore, ancestry is a potential confounder variable that should be considered in epidemiologic studies and in public health plans. However, there are few studies that have assessed the ancestry of the current admixed Chilean population. This is partly due to the high cost of genome-scale technologies commonly used to estimate ancestry. In this study we have designed a small panel of SNPs to accurately assess ancestry in the largest sampling to date of the Chilean mestizo population (n = 3349) from eight cities. Our panel is also able to distinguish between the two main Amerindian components of Chileans: Aymara from the north and Mapuche from the south. Results: A panel of 150 ancestry-informative markers (AIMs) of SNP type was selected to maximize ancestry informativeness and genome coverage. Of these, 147 were successfully genotyped by KASPar assays in 2843 samples, with an average missing rate of 0.012, and a 0.95 concordance with microarray data. The ancestries estimated with the panel of AIMs had relative high correlations (0.88 for European, 0.91 for Amerindian, 0.70 for Aymara, and 0.68 for Mapuche components) with those obtained with AXIOM LAT1 array. The country's average ancestry was 0.53 ± 0.14 European, 0.04 ± 0.04 African, and 0.42 ± 0.14 Amerindian, disaggregated into 0.18 ± 0.15 Aymara and 0.25 ± 0.13 Mapuche. However, Mapuche ancestry was highest in the south (40.03%) and Aymara in the north (35.61%) as expected from the historical location of these ethnic groups. We make our results available through an online app and demonstrate how it can be used to adjust for ancestry when testing association between incidence of a disease and nongenetic risk factors. Conclusions: We have conducted the most extensive sampling, across many different cities, of current Chilean population. Ancestry varied significantly by latitude and human development. The panel of AIMs is available to the community for estimating ancestry at low cost in Chileans and other populations with similar ancestry.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-020-00284-5 473 downloads

11.

Trayectoria de José Luis Martínez en perspectiva comparada
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Blanco, Alejandro

; Jackson, Luiz Carlos

Literatura mexicana

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dec 2018, Volume 29 N. 2 Pages 35 - 64

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: This article analyzes the social and intellectual trajectory of the literary critic José Luis Martínez (1918-2007), in comparison with the Brazilian Antonio Candido (1918-2017) and the Argentine Adolfo Prieto (1928-2016), with the objective of evaluating the development and modalities of the institutionalization of university criticism in Mexico, Brazil and Argentina around the 1950s.

Resumen: Este artículo analiza la trayectoria social e intelectual del crítico literario José Luis Martínez (1918-2007), en comparación con la del brasileño Antonio Candido (1918-2017) y del argentino Adolfo Prieto (1928-2016), con el objetivo de evaluar el desarrollo y las modalidades de institucionalización de la crítica universitaria en México, Brasil y Argentina en torno de la década de 1950.

https://doi.org/10.19130/iifl.litmex.29.2.2018.1129 617 downloads

12.

EDITORIAL
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Vergara Blanco, Alejandro

Revista chilena de derecho

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dec 2018, Volume 45 N. 3 Pages 569 - 570

Abstract: Es | Text: Es | PDF: Es

297 downloads

13.

A CIRCULAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL DE FLORESTAN FERNANDES
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Blanco, Alejandro

; Brasil Jr., Antonio

Sociologia & Antropologia

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apr 2018, Volume 8 N. 1 Pages 69 - 107

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O artigo examina a obra e a trajetória de Florestan Fernandes sob ângulo até hoje pouco explorado: sua circulação internacional. A análise é baseada em três eixos: (1) identificação das especificidades da circulação internacional de Florestan Fernandes à luz da trajetória modal dos sociólogos de sua geração que lideraram a formação da disciplina na América Latina; (2) o mapeamento da circulação de sua produção intelectual fora do Brasil, tomando como referência seus artigos publicados em revistas estrangeiras, sua participação em eventos científicos internacionais e as resenhas de suas obras feitas no exterior; (3) o delineamento de algumas hipóteses explicativas, que incidem na necessidade de distinguir conceitualmente os termos “internacionalização” e “circulação internacional”, a fim de explicar o caso de Florestan Fernandes. Ao final, oferecemos algumas indicações sobre os possíveis efeitos da circulação internacional de Fernandes em sua teorização sociológica da América Latina.

Abstract This article analyses the international circulation of the work of sociologist Florestan Fernandes − an aspect that has been somewhat overlooked. The paper focuses on three aspects of this problem: (1) it highlights the singularities of the international circulation of Fernandes’s work vis-à-vis the modal trajectory of the scholars who led the formation of the discipline in Latin America; (2) it analyses his publications in foreign journals, his participation in international scientific events, and the reviews of his works made outside Brazil, data from which is used to map the international circulation of his work; (3) in order to explain the case of Florestan Fernandes, it offers some explanatory hypotheses focused on the conceptual distinction between the terms ‘internationalization’ and ‘international circulation.’ Finally, the article makes some suggestions concerning the impact of the international circulation of Fernandes’s work on his own sociological theorization of the peculiarities of Latin America.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2238-38752016v813 1303 downloads

14.

Três críticos latino-americanos
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Jackson, Luiz

; Blanco, Alejandro

Sociologias

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apr 2018, Volume 20 N. 47 Pages 138 - 169

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A avaliação dos papéis desempenhados pelos críticos literários na formação do campo intelectual mexicano, em contraposição ao Brasil e à Argentina, além do grau e das modalidades de institucionalização (universidade, imprensa, revistas etc.) dessa atividade em torno da década de 1950 é o objetivo central deste artigo. Nessa direção, propomos tomar como ponto de partida a trajetória e a produção intelectual do reconhecido crítico e historiador da literatura mexicana, José Luis Martínez (1918-2007), visando compará-las com as do brasileiro Antonio Candido (1918-2017) e do argentino Adolfo Prieto (1928-2016). Praticada até meados do século XX de forma mundana e entendida como um gênero menor da literatura, a crítica seria alavancada por sua institucionalização universitária, mais precisamente pela criação de cursos superiores em letras, ocorrida nos três países na primeira metade desse século, que, progressivamente, conferiu aos críticos meios específicos de legitimação e, cada vez mais, independentes da chancela dos escritores. Obviamente tal processo se deu lentamente e de maneira conflituosa, mas a ascensão e a autoridade conquistada por esses novos produtores culturais alteraram a morfologia e as relações de força nos campos literário e acadêmico.♦

Abstract The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the roles played by literary critics in the formation of Mexican intellectual field, in comparison to Brazil and Argentina, as well as the degree and modalities of institutionalization (university, press, magazines, etc.) of this activity in the 1950s. Thus, we start by analyzing the trajectory and the intellectual production of the recognized critic and historian of Mexican literature, José Luis Martínez (1918-2007), in order to compare them with those of the Brazilian critic, Antonio Candido (1918-2017), and the Argentinian, Adolfo Prieto (1928-2016). Literary criticism, whose practice until the middle of the twentieth century was mundane and understood as a minor genre of literature, came to be leveraged by its institutionalization in the universities, more precisely by the creation of graduate courses, which occurred in the three countries in the first half of that century, which progressively, gave the critics specific means of legitimation and, increasingly, independent of the stamp of writers. Obviously this process occurred slowly and in a conflictive way, but the rise and authority gained by these new cultural producers altered the morphology and relations of force in the literary and academic fields.

https://doi.org/10.1590/15174522-020004705 553 downloads

15.

ADAR1-mediated RNA-editing of 3′UTRs in breast cancer
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Sagredo, Eduardo A.

; Blanco, Alejandro

; Sagredo, Alfredo I.

; Pérez, Paola

; Sepúlveda-Hermosilla, Gonzalo

; Morales, Fernanda

; Müller, Bettina

; Verdugo, Ricardo

; Marcelain, Katherine

; Harismendy, Olivier

; Armisén, Ricardo

Biological Research

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2018, Volume 51 elocation 36

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: Whole transcriptome RNA variant analyses have shown that adenosine deaminases acting on RNA ( ADAR ) enzymes modify a large proportion of cellular RNAs, contributing to transcriptome diversity and cancer evolution. Despite the advances in the understanding of ADAR function in breast cancer, ADAR RNA editing functional consequences are not fully addressed. Results: We characterized A to G(I) mRNA editing in 81 breast cell lines, showing increased editing at 3′UTR and exonic regions in breast cancer cells compared to immortalized non-malignant cell lines. In addition, tumors from the BRCA TCGA cohort show a 24% increase in editing over normal breast samples when looking at 571 well-characterized UTRs targeted by ADAR1. Basal-like subtype breast cancer patients with high level of ADAR1 mRNA expression shows a worse clinical outcome and increased editing in their 3′UTRs. Interestingly, editing was particularly increased in the 3′UTRs of ATM, GINS4 and POLH transcripts in tumors, which correlated with their mRNA expression. We confirmed the role of ADAR1 in this regulation using a shRNA in a breast cancer cell line (ZR-75-1). Conclusions: Altogether, these results revealed a significant association between the mRNA editing in genes related to cancer-relevant pathways and clinical outcomes, suggesting an important role of ADAR1 expression and function in breast cancer.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-018-0185-4 379 downloads

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