Abstract Product-service systems (PSS) design raises new issues, among which the need of encompassing a life cycle perspective. The aim of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework for PSS characterization through its life cycle. The purpose is to understand the structure, the sequence, and the main characteristics of PSS life cycle phases, characterizing a PSS process model. A systematic literature review was carried out to identify the PSS life cycle phases and the conceptual elements that characterize each phase. The PSS life cycle was structured based on service life cycle from the customer perspective. Afterwards, the conceptual framework was built for PSS characterization considering business model, engineering and design aspects that may be useful to guide PSS solutions development. The paper aims to make a theoretical contribution by understanding what should be done and how to perform the activities during PSS life cycle at a systemic level.

A elaboração de uma revisão bibliográfica confiável, a partir de trabalhos relevantes publicados anteriormente, é fundamental para evidenciar a originalidade e a contribuição científica dos trabalhos de pesquisa. Devido à grande quantidade de bases de dados e de publicações disponíveis, torna-se necessário utilizar ferramentas que auxiliem na gestão das referências bibliográficas de uma maneira fácil e padronizada. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar três softwares de gerenciamento bibliográfico utilizados com frequência por pesquisadores acadêmicos, são eles: Mendeley, EndNote e Zotero. Nesse sentido, buscou-se, em primeiro lugar, evidenciar seus principais benefícios e as possíveis dificuldades de utilização. Em segundo lugar, procurou-se comparar suas principais características por meio de uma pesquisa teórico-conceitual baseada em literatura especializada, o que permitiu utilizá-los e analisá-los de maneira crítica. Assim sendo, evidenciou-se as principais particularidades de cada software e foi elaborado um quadro comparativo entre os mesmos. Considerando as características analisadas nos três softwares, concluiu-se que todos, ao mesmo tempo em que facilitam o trabalho dos pesquisadores, possuem ferramentas que facilitam as buscas, a organização e a análise dos artigos.

The development of a reliable literature review from relevant previously published studies is imperative to highlight the originality and scientific contributions of research. Due to the large amount of databases and publications available, we need ease-to-use tools that assist reference management in a standardized way. The purpose of this article was to examine three of the most frequently used bibliographic management softwares by academic researchers: Mendeley, EndNote, and Zotero. The authors sought to highlight the main benefits and difficulties in using the softwares and compared their main features by using a theoretical-conceptual research-based literature as well as critically analyzing the softwares cited by the authors. As a result, it was possible to highlight the main features of each of the softwares and develop a comparative chart. Considering the characteristics of the three softwares analyzed, it was possible to conclude that all of them have tools that facilitate searching, organizing, and analyzing articles, which can facilitate the work of researchers who use these softwares.