Abstract: Enhancing the rate of genetic gain in plant breeding program is critical to address global food security in the face of climate change and a growing population. Rapid cycling genomic selection offers a powerful breeding strategy to reduce the breeding cycle and obtain rapid genetic gains in plant breeding programs. In this paper, we discuss theoretical and empirical approaches to deploy and optimize rapid cycling genomic selection in crop improvement programs. We highlight major advantages and challenges associated with rapid cycling genomic selection and provide example to overcome these issues. Finally, we discuss the trends and general conclusion on this breeding strategy and provide recommendations for future discussions and continued adoption in plant breeding programs.