Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar as exigências de proteína, energia e macrominerais de bezerros nelores do nascimento aos 180 dias. Foram utilizados 20 bezerros (10 machos e 10 fêmeas) com peso corporal médio de 30±3 kg. Imediatamente após o nascimento, quatro bezerros, dois machos e duas fêmeas, foram abatidos para estimar a composição corporal inicial dos animais restantes no experimento. Aos 90 dias, foram abatidos oito bezerros (quatro machos e quatro fêmeas), o restante dos animais abatidos aos 180 dias. Além do leite, os bezerros foram alimentados com silagem de milho à vontade e concentrado comercial fixado em no máximo 0,5 kg/animal/dia. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios de digestibilidade, aos 30 e 90 dias para estimar os consumos de energia dos bezerros. Após o abate, todos os bezerros tiveram suas meias-carcaças direitas dissecadas. Os conteúdos corporais de proteína, energia e minerais foram estimados pela equação Y = a . PCVZb, sendo PCVZ o peso de corpo vazio. A relação PCVZ/PC dos bezerros foi de 0,9622 e a de ganho (G) de PCVZ/GPC foi de 0,958. As exigências líquidas de proteína e energia aumentaram com o aumento do peso corporal, enquanto as de cálcio diminuíram. As exigências de proteína metabolizável para ganho de 1 kg de PC foram de 216,96 e 261,98 g para bezerros de 100 e 200 kg, respectivamente. Recomenda-se utilizar as seguintes equações para estimar os conteúdos corporais de bezerros Nelore lactentes: proteína (g/dia) = 0,135 × PCVZ1,0351; energia (Mcal/dia) = 1,1798 × PCVZ1,1805; cálcio (g/dia) = 0,091 × PCVZ0,6019; fósforo (g/dia) = 0,00894 × PCVZ0,9629; sódio (g/dia) = 0,00126 × PCVZ0,9791; magnésio (g/dia) = 0,000405 × PCVZ0,9827; potássio (g/dia) = 0,00165 × PCVZ0,9364.

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the nutritional requirements of protein, energy and macro minerals for Nellore calves from birth to 180 days. A total of 20 calves, 10 males (M) and 10 females (F) with average body weight (BW) of 30±3 kg were used. Soon after birth, four (2 males and 2 females) calves were slaughtered to estimate initial body composition of animals that remained in the trial. At 90 days, another eight calves were slaughtered (4 males and 4 females), and the remaining animals were slaughtered at 180 days. Besides milk, the calves were fed with corn silage ad libitum and commercial concentrate set at a maximum of 0.5 kg/animal/day. Two digestibility assay were conducted at 30 and 90 days to estimate the energy intake of the calves. After slaughtered all calves had their right half-carcasses dissected. The content of protein, energy and minerals were estimated by the equation Y = a. EBWb, where EBW is the empty body weight. The relationship EBW/BW of calves was 0.9622 and EBWG/BWG was 0.958, where G is the gain. The net requirements of protein and energy increased with increasing body weight, while calcium decreased. The metabolizable protein requirements for gain of 1 kg BW were 216.96 and 261.98 g for calves with 100 and 200 kg respectively. The following equations are recommended to estimate the body content of preweaning Nellore calves: protein (g/day) = 0.135 × EBW1.0351; energy (Mcal/day) = 1.1798 × EBW1.1805; calcium (g/day) = 0.091 × EBW0.6019; phosphorus (g/day) = 0.00894 × EBW0.9629; sodium (g/day) = 0.00126 × EBW0.9791; magnesium (g/day) = 0.000405 × EBW0.9827; potassium (g/day) = 0.00165 × EBW0.9364.

Objetivou-se avaliar as exigências nutricionais de proteína e energia de vacas nelores em lactação no período de 0 a 180 dias. Foram utilizadas 20 vacas primíparas com peso corporal médio ao parto de 362±25 kg. Quatro vacas foram abatidas logo após o parto e foram consideradas grupo referência. Do parto aos 90 dias, quatro vacas receberam alimentação restrita na proporção de 1,5% do peso corporal (PC), em porcentagem da matéria seca (MS), e 12 foram alimentadas à vontade. Aos 90 dias do pós-parto, foram abatidas oito vacas (quatro de cada oferta alimentar). Dos 90 aos 180 dias, quatro vacas foram realocadas para mantença (1,8% PC em MS) e quatro continuaram em consumo voluntário, sendo todas abatidas ao final do período. Os conteúdos corporais de proteína e energia foram estimados pelo equação Y = a . Xb, em que X é o peso de corpo vazio (PCVZ) e a e b os parâmetros da equação. Foram obtidas relações médias de 0,894 para PCVZ/PC e de 0,936 para ganho de PCVZ (GPCVZ)/ganho de PC (GPC). As exigências líquidas de energia para mantença (ELm) foram de 97,84 kcal/PCVZ0,75 e as de energia metabolizável para mantença (EMm), 140,17 kcal/PCVZ0,75. As eficiências de utilização da energia para mantença e ganho de peso foram 0,70 e 0,44, respectivamente. Os conteúdos corporais de proteína diminuíram com o aumento do PC, enquanto os de energia aumentaram. No leite das vacas, foram determinados teores médios de 3,71; 3,88; e 4,74%, respectivamente, de proteína bruta, gordura e lactose. A exigência de ELm para lactação de vacas nelores é de 97,84 kcal/PCVZ0,75, enquanto a de EMm é de 140,17 kcal/PCVZ0,75 e a de proteína metabolizável, de 52,8 g. Para produzir 1 kg de leite com 4% de gordura, vacas nelores necessitam de 0,300 kg de NDT.

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional requirements of protein and energy of primiparous lactating Nellore cows from 0 to 180 days after calving. A total of 20 lactating primiparous cows with average body weight at calving of 362±25 kg were used. Four cows were slaughtered soon after calving and were considered as reference group. From calving to 90 days post partum four cows were fed restricted at 1.5% of body weight (BW) in dry matter (DM) basis and 12 were fed ad libitum. At 90 days post partum eight cows were slaughtered (four from each feeding system). From 90 to 180 days, four cows were realocated for maintenance (1.8% BW in DM) and four remained in voluntary intake, and all were slaughtered at the end of the period. The contents of protein and energy were estimated by the equation Y = a. Xb, in which X is the empty body weight (EBW), and a and b are the parameters of the allometric equation. Ratios obtained for empty body weight (EBW)/BW and empty body gain (EBWG)/BWG were 0.894 and 0.936, respectively. The net energy for maintenance (NEm) were 97.84 kcal/EBW0.75 and the metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) were 140.17 kcal/EBW0.75. The efficiencies of energy use for maintenance and gain were 0.70 and 0.44, respectively. The content of protein and minerals, except calcium, decreased with the increase in BW while the energy increased. The milk of cows had average contents of 3.71, 3.88 and 4.74%, respectively, for crude protein, fat and lactose. The NEm requirement for lactating Nellore cows is 97.84 kcal/EBW0,75, while MEm is 140.17 kcal/EBW0,75 and metabolizable protein requirement is 52.8 g. To produce 1 kg of milk with 4% fat Nellore cows need 0.300 kg TDN.

This study aimed to determine the protein requirements for females of Nellore, F1 Nellore × Angus and F1 Nellore × Simmental fed on two concentrate levels (30 and 50%). Sixty heifers from three genetic groups with 18 months of age were used: 20 Nellore, 20 Nellore × Angus and 20 Nellore × Simmental. Twelve heifers of the reference group (four of each genetic group) were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment. Another 12 heifers (four of each genetic group) were fed on the level of maintenance and 36 heifers (12 animals of each genetic group) were kept in power system ad libitum with 30% (six of each group) or 50% (six of each group) dietary dry matter in concentrate. Heifers were randomly assigned to six treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (three genetic groups and two diets) with six replicates per treatment. Nine more heifers (three from each genetic group) were used to estimate the apparent digestibility coefficients of food in a parallel experiment. A model was fitted according to the protein retained as function of the gain of empty body weight (EBW) and retained energy (RE) to calculate the protein net requirements. To estimate the metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance the consumption of metabolizable protein was contrasted with EBW. The joint use of the equation net protein gain (NPG) = 197.40 × EBWg - 11.14 × RE is recommended to predict the protein net requirements for weight gain. Protein and metabolizable protein net requirements for maintenance are 1.07 and 3.88 g/EBW0.75/day, respectively. The use efficiency of metabolizable protein for gain of all genetic groups is 37.04%.