Abstract: This article aims to review the population and development indicators for Mexico in the period from 2010 to 2016. We begin with the review of the conceptual, methodological and instrumental development applied to the experience of recent Mexico. It proposes an overview of the concepts and indicators that constitute a system that can guide the discussion regarding the progress in the achievement of specific objectives and goals of the population and the sustainable development of Mexico. In simple terms, the work seeks to review which variables are integrated into the binomial of the population and sustainable development. To begin with, the demographic dimension is absent from the discussion of sustainable development and deserves a revision from a systemic point of view.

Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo revisar la población y los indicadores del desarrollo para México en el periodo de 2010 a 2016. Iniciamos con la revisión del desarrollo conceptual, metodológico e instrumental aplicado a la experiencia del México reciente. Se propone una visión de conjunto de los conceptos e indicadores que constituyen un sistema que puede orientar la discusión respecto del avance en la consecución de objetivos y metas determinados de la población y el desarrollo sostenible de México. En términos simples el trabajo busca revisar qué variables se integran al binomio de la población y desarrollo sostenible. Para empezar, se sostiene que la dimensión demográfica está ausente en la discusión del desarrollo sostenible y que merece una revisión desde el punto de vista sistémico.

Abstract The linkage disequilibrium (LD) between molecular markers affects the accuracy of genome-wide association studies and genomic selection application. High-density genotyping platforms allow identifying the genotype of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed throughout the animal genomes, which increases the resolution of LD evaluations. This study evaluated the distribution of minor allele frequencies (MAF) and the level of LD in the Colombian Creole cattle breeds Blanco Orejinegro (BON) and Romosinuano (ROMO) using a medium density SNP panel (BovineSNP50K_v2). The LD decay in these breeds was lower than those reported for other taurine breeds, achieving optimal LD values (r2 ≥ 0.3) up to a distance of 70 kb in BON and 100 kb in ROMO, which is possibly associated with the conservation status of these cattle populations and their effective population size. The average MAF for both breeds was 0.27 ± 0.14 with a higher SNP proportion having high MAF values (≥ 0.3). The LD levels and distribution of allele frequencies found in this study suggest that it is possible to have adequate coverage throughout the genome of these breeds using the BovineSNP50K_v2, capturing the effect of most QTL related with productive traits, and ensuring an adequate prediction capacity in genomic analysis.

Abstract Genotypic and phenotypic data of 1,562 animals were analyzed to find genomic regions that potentially influence the birth weight (BW), weaning weight at seven months of age (WW) and yearling weight (YW) of Colombian Brahman cattle, with genotyping conducted using Illumina Bead chip array with 74,669 SNPs. A Single Step Genomic BLUP (ssGBLP), approach was used to estimate the proportion of variance explained by each marker. Multiple regions scattered across the genome were found to influence weights at different ages, also dependent on the trait component (direct or maternal). The most interesting regions were connected to previously identified QTLs and genes, such as ADAMTSL3, CAPN2, CAPN2, FABP6, ZEB2 influencing growth and weight traits. The identified regions will contribute to the development and refinement of genomic selection programs for Zebu Brahman cattle in Colombia.