ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Considering the ability of the health and self-management in diabetes questionnaire (HASMID-10) to verify the impact of self-management on diabetes, we highlight its relevance to scientific research and clinical applicability. However, to date, no study has been conducted to scientifically support its use in other languages. OBJECTIVE: To translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the HASMID-10 into the Brazilian Portuguese. DESIGN AND SETTING: A translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation study conducted at Ceuma University. METHODS: Study was conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures and Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments. We included participants of both sexes diagnosed with diabetes, aged between 18 and 64 years, and without cognitive deficits or any other limitations that would prevent them from answering the questionnaire. We assessed participants using the problem areas in diabetes (PAID) scale and HASMID-10. We assessed reliability using a test-retest model with a 7-day interval between assessments. We used intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), 95% confidence interval (CI), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimum detectable difference (MDD), Spearman correlation coefficient, and floor and ceiling effects. RESULTS: Sample comprised 116 participants, most of whom were women, overweight, non-practitioners of physical activity, and nonsmokers. We observed significant correlations (P = 0.006; rho = −0.256) between the HASMID-10 and PAID, adequate reliability (ICC = 0.780) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.796). No ceiling or floor effects were observed. CONCLUSION: HASMID-10 has adequate measurement properties and may be used for Brazilians.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure the reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the Kidney Symptom Questionnaire for the Brazilian population. METHODS: This is a cross-cultural adaptation and questionnaire validation study. We included native Brazilians of both sex aged>18 years, as well as hypertensive and/or diabetic patients. All participants were assessed using Screening for Occult Renal Disease, EuroQol 5 Dimensions, 36-Item Short Form Survey, and the Kidney Symptom Questionnaire. We used Spearman’s coefficient (rho) to measure the correlations between the Kidney Symptom Questionnaire and other instruments; Cronbach’s alpha to measure internal consistency; and intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement, and minimum detectable change to measure test-retest reliability. RESULTS: The sample was formed by 121 adult participants, mostly female, with systemic arterial hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus. We found excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient≥0.978), adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha≥0.860), and adequate construct validity on the Kidney Symptom Questionnaire domains; besides, we observed significant correlations between the Kidney Symptom Questionnaire and other instruments. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the Kidney Symptom Questionnaire has adequate measurement properties to assess chronic/occult kidney disease in patients who do not require renal replacement therapy.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare heart rate variability (HRV) between patients with chronic neck pain and patients with chronic low back pain and to correlate the chronic pain variables with heart rate variability indices. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. We divided the sample into two groups: neck pain (n=30) and low back pain (n=30). We used the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Neck Disability Index, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, Pain-Related Catastrophizing Thoughts Scale, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. For heart rate variability analysis, we used the following indices: mean RR, standard deviation of all RR intervals, mean heart rate, root mean square differences of successive RR intervals, triangular index, triangular interpolation of the interval histogram, low-frequency band in arbitrary units and in absolute values, high-frequency band in arbitrary units and in absolute values, standard deviation of the instantaneous beat-to-beat variability (standard deviation 1), long-term standard deviation of continuous RR intervals (standard deviation 2), and Stress Index. We used Student’s t-test for comparisons and Spearman’s coefficient for correlations. RESULTS: We observe insignificant values in the differences between the groups. Disability and self-efficacy were correlated with heart rate variability only in patients with chronic neck pain, whereas catastrophizing and kinesiophobia showed greater correlations with heart rate variability in patients with chronic low back pain. CONCLUSIONS: Autonomic dysfunction of individuals with chronic neck pain, when compared to patients with chronic low back pain, does present insignificant differences.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the inter-reliability of the Braden scale and its subscales for different patients assisted in the intensive care unit. We hypothesized that the Braden scale has low reliability in different populations. METHODS: This reliability study involved the Braden scale in intensive care unit of a hospital. A total of 200 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit in four different groups: neurological patients, sepsis, elderly, and adults affected by trauma. The Braden scale is a tool composed of six subscales for patient assessment: sensory perception, humidity, activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction. The total score was also calculated. The Braden scale was applied by two different nurses with an interval of 20–30 min between applications. RESULTS: For all populations, kappa values considered unsuitable were observed for most categories of the Braden scale, ranging from 0.06–0.25. Only for the total Braden scale score was moderate reliability identified in all groups evaluated, with intraclass correlation coefficient values ranging from 0.48–0.75. CONCLUSIONS: Braden scale is not a reliable tool to be used in the intensive care unit, and we do not recommend the use of this scale to assess the risk of developing pressure injury.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to validate the internal structure of the Brazilian version of the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with individuals over 18 years old of both sexes, with Brazilian Portuguese as their native language. The structure of the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire was tested by confirmatory factor analysis. The model fit was evaluated by the following indices: root mean square error of approximation, comparative fit index, Tucker-Lewis index, standardized root mean square residual, and χ²/degrees of freedom. We used the Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion to compare different structures of the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 241 individuals participated in this study. The original structure of the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire with 16 items and 3 domains was compared to a structure with 14 items and 3 domains. The internal structure of the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire with 14 items showed better fit indices and lower Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion values. CONCLUSION: The best internal structure of the Brazilian version of the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire in adults presents 3 domains and 14 items.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: The Brazilian version of the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire was developed through the processes of translation, back-translation, review committee, and pre-test. Test-retest reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the kappa coefficient. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha. For construct validity, the total Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire score was correlated with the Diabetes Knowledge Scale and the Diabetes Attitudes Questionnaire. Ceiling and floor effects were also evaluated in this study. RESULTS: For construct validity and floor and ceiling effect measurements, a total of 100 participants were selected. Reliability was measured using a sub-sample of 30 participants from the total sample. We identified adequate values of reliability (kappa between 0.22 and 1.00 and ICC=0.75) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.79). We observed adequate correlations of the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire score with Diabetes Knowledge Scale (r=0.348) and Diabetes Attitudes Questionnaire (r=0.136). No ceiling or floor effects found. CONCLUSION: Brazilian Portuguese version of the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire has adequate psychometric properties according to the best scientific recommendations.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the Canadian Diabetes Risk Questionnaire for use in Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: This is a Questionnaire validity study conducted at a private university. The Brazilian version of the Canadian Diabetes Risk Questionnaire was developed by means of the processes of translation, back-translation, committee review, and pretesting. Test-retest reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient and kappa coefficient. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha. For construct validity, the total score of the Canadian Diabetes Risk Questionnaire was correlated with the Diabetes Knowledge Scale and the Diabetes Mellitus Risk Questionnaire. Ceiling and floor effects were also evaluated in the present study. RESULTS: For construct validity and floor and ceiling effect measurements, a total sample of 100 participants was used. For reliability, a subsample of 34 participants out of the total sample was used. We identified adequate values for reliability (kappa between 0.46–1.00 and ICC 0.96) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.80). There were significant correlations between the Canadian Diabetes Risk Questionnaire and the Diabetes Mellitus Risk Questionnaire (rs=0.370, p<0.001), but not the Diabetes Knowledge Scale (rs= −0.162). No ceiling or floor effects were found. CONCLUSION: We concluded that in accordance with the best international recommendations, the Brazilian version of the Canadian Diabetes Risk Questionnaire has adequate psychometric properties.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to translate, adapt, and analyze the reliability of the Workplace Sitting Breaks Questionnaire (SITBRQ) for use in Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation were conducted considering the following six phases: translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, analysis by a committee of experts, test of the pre-final version, and final version. We included workers aged 18 years or above, both genders, and able to understand, read, and write in Brazilian Portuguese. The final version was applied to workers in two moments (i.e., test and retest), with an interval of 7 days, for reliability calculation. RESULTS: In the translation and cross-cultural adaptation phase, the pre-final version was applied to a sample of 35 workers. For item a of the SITBRQ, there was 100% understanding by respondents, while item b was understood by 94.28%. The reliability phase was conducted with 115 workers. For both items, almost perfect was identified with kappa >0.81. CONCLUSIONS: The SITBRQ version into Brazilian Portuguese has adequate adaptation and excellent values of reliability.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability and construct validity of the Self-Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain questionnaire for workers in a sample of Brazilian workers with musculoskeletal pain. METHODS: This is a questionnaire validation study. Workers with musculoskeletal pain were included. Besides the Self-Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain questionnaire for workers, we used the following instruments to perform construct validity: the Work Ability Index and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale. A subsample answered the Self-Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain questionnaire for workers in two moments to calculate reliability by means of the intraclass correlation coefficient and internal consistency by means of the Cronbach’s alpha. RESULTS: A total of 190 Brazilian workers were included. Regarding the construct validity, we observed a correlation with magnitude above 0.50 between the Self-Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain questionnaire for workers and the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, given that these two instruments have similarity in the construct, and correlations above 0.30 between the Self-Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain questionnaire for workers and the domains 2, 3, and 4 of the Work Ability Index. Regarding reliability, we observed adequate reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.864) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=0.807). CONCLUSION: The Self-Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain questionnaire for workers is a reliable and valid instrument to be used in Brazilian workers with musculoskeletal pain.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to verify the association among obstructive sleep apnea, functional capacity, and metabolic control. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving individuals of both sexes with clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 2 who were above 18 years of age. The assessment consisted of a volunteer identification form, a 2-minute step test, and the Stop-Bang questionnaire. In order to assess metabolic control, HbA1c and fasting glucose data were collected from medical records. RESULTS: A total of 100 individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2, of whom 61% were women, were included in this study. According to the Stop-Bang instrument, 26, 57, and 17% of patients had low, intermediate, and high risk of developing OSA, respectively. There was no association between the 2-minute step test and metabolic variables and diabetes mellitus type 2 chronicity with Stop-Bang. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that there is no association among obstructive sleep apnea measured by means of Stop-Bang instrument, functional capacity measured by means of 2-minute step test, and metabolic variables in individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Stroke is the principal cause of disability around the world and the ensuing functional dependence (FD) can be correlated with different factors. OBJECTIVE: To determine how demographic factors and clinical characteristics after stroke distinguish patients who achieve functional independence from those who do not. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational study at specialized neurovascular clinic in Alagoas, Brazil. METHODS: FD was classified according to the modified Rankin scale (mRs): 0 to 2 points were classified as independent (FD-), and 3 to 5 points were classified as dependent (FD+). Logistic regression analysis included age, sedentary lifestyle, the Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression Scale (CES-D) and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The Mann-Whitney test and χ2 test were used to compare groups. RESULTS: We included 190 stroke patients with a mean age of 60.02 ± 14.22 years. We found that 34.8% of the patients were classified as FD+. Lower NIHSS and CES-D scores were more associated with achieving functional independence. Most of the patients had access to physical therapy, and the mean duration of rehabilitation therapy was 65.2 minutes per week. Females had higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (P = 0.005) and rehabilitation time was shorter for hemorrhagic stroke (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: We found a FD rate four times greater than in another Brazilian study. Lower stroke severity and fewer depressive symptoms were associated with achieving functional independence. Less than half of the patients were referred to a rehabilitation service at hospital discharge and few had access to multidisciplinary treatment.

BACKGROUND: The original structure of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) has been contested in several languages. OBJECTIVE: To assess the structural validity of the Brazilian version of WOMAC among patients with knee osteoarthritis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Structural validity study conducted at physiotherapy clinics and primary healthcare units. METHODS: The study included males and females aged 40 to 80 years who were all native Brazilian Portuguese speakers, with knee pain in the previous six months and a diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with implementation of a polychoric matrix and the robust diagonally weighted least squares (RDWLS) extraction method. The adequacy of the model was assessed using the following fit indices: root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) and chi-square/degree of freedom (DF). RESULTS: 203 patients with knee osteoarthritis were included. The model proposed in this study with two factors, i.e. “pain” (items 1, 2, 3 and 4) and “physical function” (items 10, 11, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21 and 22), showed adequate fit indices in CFA: chi-square/DF = 1.30; CFI = 0.976; TLI = 0.970; RMSEA = 0.039; and SRMR = 0.070. The factorial loads ranged from 0.68 to 0.76 for the “pain” domain and 0.44 to 0.62 for the “physical function” domain. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of WOMAC with two domains, i.e. “pain” (four items) and “physical function” (eight items), presents the best structure.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a validade de face e conteúdo do questionário Self-Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain (SEFIP) para trabalhadores, aqui chamado de questionário SEFIP-work. Este é um estudo de validade do questionário. Nosso grupo já traduziu e adaptou a versão original do SEFIP, que foi desenvolvido para investigar a dor musculoesquelética e disfunção a ser aplicada a dançarinos (SEFIP-dance). No entanto, devido ao amplo escopo da SEFIP-dance, fizemos mudanças e adaptações na versão traduzida e adaptada ao português brasileiro para permitir o seu uso com trabalhadores. Assim, a validade de face e conteúdo foram realizadas para o desenvolvimento do SEFIP-work baseadas em pareceres de especialistas em doenças ocupacionais e reabilitação. Após a validade de face e de conteúdo, esta versão da SEFIP-work foi aplicada a 30 indivíduos que trabalham com dor músculoesquelética. Os participantes eram falantes nativos de português brasileiro com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos. Assim, foram introduzidas três alterações no questionário. Todos os participantes entenderam os itens e alternativas da SEFIP-work. O escore total médio da SEFIP-work foi de 6,59 (DP=3,66), com o item “parte inferior das costas” sendo o mais marcado (n=28; 93,33%), pontuação média de 1,18 (SD=0,73). Em conclusão, a versão brasileira adaptada da SEFIP-work apresenta um nível aceitável de compreensão por parte dos trabalhadores na investigação da dor ou desconforto músculoesqueléticos.

ABSTRACT Our study aimed to perform the face and content validity of Self-Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain (SEFIP) for workers, here called the SEFIP-work questionnaire. This is a questionnaire validity study. Our group previously translated and adapted the original version of the SEFIP, which was developed to investigate musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction to be applied to dancers (SEFIP-dance). However, due to the broad scope of the SEFIP-dance, we made changes and adaptations in the Brazilian Portuguese version of the SEFIP-dance to allow its use in workers. Therefore, face and content validity were performed for the development of the SEFIP-work based on opinions of committee of occupational disease and rehabilitation experts. After face and content validity, this SEFIP-work version was applied to 30 working individuals with musculoskeletal pain. The participants were native Brazilian Portuguese speakers aged 18 years and older. Thus, three changes were made to the questionnaire. All participants understood the SEFIP-work items and alternatives. The average total SEFIP-work score was 6.59 (SD=3.66), with the item “parte inferior das costas” (lower back) being the most marked (n=28; 93.33%), with an average score of 1.18 (SD=0.73). In conclusion, the Brazilian Portuguese version of SEFIP-work presents an acceptable level of understanding by workers in the investigation of musculoskeletal pain or discomfort.

RESUMEN Este estudio objetivó verificar la validez aparente y de contenido del cuestionario Self-Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain (SEFIP) destinado a trabajadores, aquí llamado cuestionario SEFIP-work. Este es un estudio sobre la validez del cuestionario. Nuestro grupo ya ha traducido y adaptado la versión original de SEFIP, que fue desarrollada para investigar el dolor musculoesquelético y su disfunción destinada a la aplicación a bailarines (SEFIP-dance). Debido al amplio alcance de SEFIP-dance, se realizó cambios y adaptaciones en la versión traducida y adaptada al portugués brasileño para permitir su aplicación a los trabajadores. Así se realizó la validez aparente y de contenido para desarrollar el SEFIP-work con base en dictámenes de expertos en enfermedades profesionales y en rehabilitación. Después de la validez aparente y de contenido, la versión de SEFIP-work se aplicó a 30 personas que trabajan con dolor musculoesquelético. Los participantes son hablantes nativos de portugués brasileño con edad igual o superior a 18 años. Se agregaron tres cambios al cuestionario. Todos los participantes entendieron los ítems y las alternativas de SEFIP-work. El promedio de la puntuación total de SEFIP-work fue de 6,59 (DE=3,66), con el ítem “parte inferior de la espalda” como el más marcado (n=28; 93,33%) y puntuación promedio de 1,18 (DE=0,73). Se concluye que la versión brasileña adaptada de SEFIP-work presenta un nivel aceptable de comprensión por parte de los trabajadores en la investigación del dolor o malestar musculoesquelético.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) is a questionnaire that was developed by Finnish researchers to track the risk of diabetes. OBJECTIVE: To translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate the FINDRISC for use in Brazilian Portuguese. DESIGN AND SETTING: Questionnaire validity study conducted at a private university. METHODS: The Brazilian version of the FINDRISC was developed through the processes of translation, back-translation, committee review and pre-testing. Test-retest reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), kappa coefficient, standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change (MDC). Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha. For construct validity, the total score of the FINDRISC was correlated with the Diabetes Knowledge Scale (DKN-A) and Diabetes Mellitus Risk Questionnaire (QRDM). Ceiling and floor effects were also evaluated in the present study. RESULTS: For construct validity and floor and ceiling effect measurements, a total sample of 107 participants was used. For reliability, a subsample of 51 participants out of the total sample was used. We identified adequate values for reliability (kappa ≥ 0.79 and ICC = 0.98) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.84). Regarding the error inherent in the FINDRISC, we found SEM = 8.02% and MDC = 22.44%. There were significant correlations between the FINDRISC and the QRDM (r = 0.686) and DKN-A (r = -0.216). No ceiling or floor effects were found. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the FINDRISC has adequate psychometric properties that are in accordance with the best international recommendations.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Self-Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain (SEFIP) is a questionnaire specifically designed to measure musculoskeletal pain or discomfort. OBJECTIVE: To perform translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the SEFIP for dancers (SEFIP-dance), for use in Brazilian Portuguese. In addition, as a secondary objective, we adapted the translated version of SEFIP-dance for use among athletes or exercise practitioners (SEFIP-sport). DESIGN AND SETTING: Questionnaire translation and cross-cultural adaptation study conducted at a public university. METHODS: The Brazilian version of the SEFIP-dance questionnaire was developed following the processes of translation (involving two translators with Brazilian Portuguese as their mother tongue and fluency in English), backtranslation (involving two translators with English as their mother tongue and fluency in Brazilian Portuguese), committee review and pre-testing. SEFIP-sport was developed following the processes of content and face validation. RESULTS: SEFIP-dance was applied to 30 dancers, of mean age 22.38 years (standard deviation [SD] = 3.41), among whom 14 were men (46.66%). The participants understood 100% of the SEFIP-dance items and alternatives. SEFIP-sport was applied to 30 athletes or physical exercise practitioners, of mean age 25.09 years (SD = 8.93), among whom 25 were men (86.33%). The participants understood 100% of the SEFIP-sport items and alternatives. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian Portuguese versions of SEFIP-dance, translated and cross-culturally adapted for dancers, and SEFIP-sport, adapted for athletes or physical exercise practitioners, were shown to have adequate levels of understanding.