Abstract The jabuticaba bark is rich in anthocyanins and fibers, and its use may be of industrial interest. In the food sector, its used as an ingredient in the production of fermented products, liqueurs or enriched flours. It also has pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. The objective was to evaluate the effect of pretreatment and fresh use of jabuticaba peels in the extraction of total phenolic compound (TPC) and total anthocyanin (TA) contents with and without ultrasound assistance and in the sequential extraction of pectin from the residue. In the TPC and TA extraction, a 3x2 factorial design was used. For conventional anthocyanin extraction (CAE), occurred in an incubator under agitation. For ultrasound-assisted anthocyanin extraction (UAE) was utilized an ultrasonic homogenizer with probe (20 kHz, 160 W). The extracts were quantified (TPC, TA, antioxidant activity and color). The residues were characterized and used for sequential pectin extraction, which was quantified and characterized. The results were subjected to analysis of variance. Fresh jabuticaba peel is a residue that can be used to sequentially extract phenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins and pectin. The use of ultrasound (UAE) was less efficient than CAE for extracting TPC and TA or performing sequential extraction on all pretreatment peels. fibers interest sector products flours applications (TPC (TA x 3x CAE, , (CAE) agitation ultrasoundassisted assisted UAE (UAE 20 (2 kHz 16 W. W . W) TPC, color. color color) variance compounds (CAE 2 ( 1

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the bodying agents (erythritol, sorbitol, xylitol, and polydextrose) and their mixtures on the preparation of mixed Brazilian Cerrado fruit preserves (marolo, soursop, and sweet passion fruit). Mixture design was used for product optimization and the preserves were evaluated by texture profile, stress relaxation test, and uniaxial compression test. The research data were analyzed using regression equations on SAS software. The results indicated that the rheological parameters were affected by the body agents. Erythritol should not be used as an isolated component because it provoked changes in the properties of the final product (harder and brittle preserves); xylitol and sorbitol made preserves more elastic, cohesive, and more fragile; and polydextrose showed a synergistic effect with erythritol for rupture deformation and lesser effects for hardness, adhesiveness, and gumminess. erythritol, (erythritol marolo, marolo (marolo soursop fruit. . fruit) profile test software harder preserves) elastic cohesive fragile hardness adhesiveness gumminess

Neste trabalho experimental o comportamento reológico da polpa de umbu foi analisado nos estados estacionário (pseudoplaticidade, viscosidade aparente) e oscilatório (módulos dinâmicos, viscosidade complexa) determinado na região de viscoelasticidade linear. Os estudos foram conduzidos com o uso do reômetro de tensão controlada Haake RS 100, em diferentes concentrações de sólidos solúveis (10, 15, 20 e 25 °Brix), medidos na temperatura de 30 °C. Testes em estado estacionário foram conduzidos sobre taxa de cisalhamento de 0,1 - 300 s-1 e as medidas em regime oscilatório em uma taxa de freqüência de 0,01-100 Hz. Os resultados indicam que a polpa de umbu se comporta como um fluido não-Newtoniano, com características pseudoplásticas, apresenta tensão inicial e exibe propriedades tixotrópicas. Os reogramas foram ajustados através do modelo de Herschel-Bulkey. Nos testes em estado dinâmico a polpa de umbu apresentou os valores do módulo de estocagem (G') maiores que os do módulo de perda (G"), indicando comportamento de gel fraco, enfim os módulos de estocagem e perda aumentam com a concentração.

In this experimental work the rheological behavior of umbu pulp has been studied by shear flow (pseudoplasticity, apparent viscosity) and in oscillatory mode (dynamic modules) in the linear domain of viscoelasticity. The studies were carried out with the use of a controlled stress Rheometer Haake RS 100, at different soluble solid concentrations (10, 15, 20 and 25 °Brix), measured at 30 °C. Tests in steady shear were conducted over a shear rate range of 0.1 - 300 s-1 and oscillatory measurements over a frequency range of 0.01 - 100 Hz. The results indicated that umbu pulp behaves as a non-Newtonian fluid, with pseudoplastic characteristics and yield stress appearance and exhibits tixotropic properties. Rheograms were fitted to the Herschel-Bulkey model. From the dynamic test the umbu pulp showed storage modulus (G') values that were always higher than loss modulus (G"), indicating weak gel-like behavior. Storage and loss modulus increased with increase in the concentration.

Pesquisou-se o efeito de duas embalagens (polietileno de baixa densidade - PEBD e polipropileno - Longa Vida Pak ou LVP) em relação ao controle (sem embalagem) sobre a conservação de carambolas em atmosfera refrigerada (10 ºC). Utilizou-se o planejamento fatorial inteiramente casualizado 3 x 4 x 2 (3 embalagens x 4 períodos de armazenamento x 2 repetições). As análises para acompanhamento do armazenamento foram: pH, ºBrix (sólidos solúveis), acidez titulável, perda de peso, coliformes totais e fecais, bolores e leveduras. O nível de contaminação microbiológica (bolores e leveduras) foi aceitável até 21 e 28 dias para carambolas não embaladas e embaladas, respectivamente. A embalagem LVP apresentou os menores índices de contaminação. Em relação às alterações físico-químicas, não houve diferenças significativas entre as embalagens com relação a perda de peso, pH e acidez titulável e o teor de sólidos solúveis foi maior para os frutos armazenados em embalagens LVP. Os resultados globais indicam que ambas as embalagens aumentam a vida útil deste produto e que, do ponto de vista microbiológico, a embalagem LVP foi melhor que a embalagem PEBD para a preservação sob condições refrigeradas.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of two packaging materials (low density polyethylene- LPDE and polypropylene-LVP) on Averrhoa carambola L shelf-life under refrigeration. A factorial design 3 x 4 x 2 (3 packaging x 4 days of storage x 2 repetitions) was used. The fruits were analysed for pH, total soluble solids, total titrable acidity, weight loss, total and fecal coliforms, moulds and yeasts. The microbiological contamination levels (moulds and yeast) was acceptable up to 21 and 28 storage days for unpacked and packed fruits, respectively. The fruits inside LVP packaging showed lower level of contamination. The weight loss, pH and titrable acidity alterations were not significantly different between the two packagings. The total soluble solids were higher for fruits inside the LVP packaging. These global results indicate that both packagings increased the shelf-life of the product and that from a microbiological standpoint, the LVP packaging was better than the LPDE packaging for preservation under refrigerated conditions.

A secagem de feijão preto (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) em leito de jorro bidimensional foi estudada num equipamento em escala piloto de 100cm de altura total, 10cm de largura e 40cm de comprimento. Um soprador centrífugo de 7cv foi utilizado para fornecer o ar responsável pela formação do jorro ao sistema e nenhum aquecimento adicional foi realizado, ficando a temperatura de operação em torno de 50ºC. Foi feito um estudo sobre a influência do tempo de secagem, da vazão de ar injetado no sistema e da carga de grãos em cada batelada sobre o tempo de cozimento, a capacidade de absorção, a densidade e o diâmetro da partícula. A taxa de secagem também foi estudada. Observou-se que em 6 horas a redução de umidade do grão é cerca de 60% e as condições operacionais estudadas não afetaram significativamente as propriedades físicas e tecnológicas do feijão.

A two-dimensional spouted bed dryer was used to study the drying process of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, L). The equipment dimensions were: height of 100 cm, width of 10 cm and length of 40 cm. A blower of 7 cv was used to supply the air necessary for the spout formation on the apparatus and no additional heat was necessary. The temperature at the air inlet was around 50º C. The experiments were carried out according to factorial planning, with a complementary experiment set. In this work the effects of the drying time, and the apparatus air velocity were evaluated in relation to mass grain capacity of each batch as well as cooking time, water absorption, particle diameter and particle density. It also fitted the acquired data from experimental runs into the correlations based on the variables: drying time, air velocity and mass of particulated material used in the dryer. The drying rate was studied. The experimental results led to the conclusion that the conditions process studied did not significantly affected the physical and technological properties of beans and reduced the grain moisture content to 40 % of the initial value.