ABSTRACT Introduction: Colombia has been subject to intense genetic and cultural currents due to its geographical location. Hemoglobinopathies are the most common recessive diseases found worldwide and represent an important public health problem, according to the region and ancestry of each country. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of hemoglobin variants according to the geographical region in a population group adjusted to sex and age in Colombia. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study of hemoglobin variants performed by electrophoresis in patients treated at and/or referred to specialized care institutions in Bogota, Colombia between January 2009 and December 2020. Results: A total of 2,224 results were analyzed, 48.4% male and 51.5% female; 63.3% of patients were without alterations, 14.3% presented with thalassemia, 17.3%, HbS, 2.3%, HbS/C, 1.8%, HbC, 0.5%, HbE and 0.5% persistent HbF, with HbS being more prevalent in males (p = 0.005). When assessing the geographical regions of Colombia, a higher prevalence of HbS was found in the Pacific (p = 0.005) and Caribbean regions, while Thalassemia and HbS were more prevalent in the Andean and Orinoquia regions, and it was rare to find any hemoglobinopathies (p = 0.0001) in the Amazonian region. Conclusions: The main hemoglobinopathies found in Colombia are HbS, predominantly in males, and Thalassemia. The distribution of hemoglobinopathies in different geographical regions of Colombia is influenced by ancestry. Introduction location problem country Objectives Methods andor or Bogota 200 2020 Results 2224 2 224 2,22 analyzed 484 48 4 48.4 515 51 5 51.5 female 633 63 3 63.3 alterations 143 14 14.3 thalassemia 173 17 17.3% 23 2.3% HbSC C HbS/C 18 1 8 1.8% HbC 05 0 0.5 HbF p 0.005. 0005 0.005 . 005 0.0001 00001 0001 Conclusions 20 202 222 22 2,2 48. 51. 6 63. 14. 17.3 2.3 1.8 0. 000 0.00 00 0.000 0000 2, 17. 2. 1. 0.0