Resumo A rubiadina é identificada como uma antraquinona bioativa que existe em algumas plantas ricas em quinonas. A presente pesquisa foi realizada para avaliar o potencial impacto anti-inflamatório da rubiadina em modelos de teste de inflamação aguda e crônica em roedores. A atividade anti-inflamatória da rubiadina foi examinada em granuloma induzido por pellet de algodão e edema induzido por carragenina como modelos de inflamação crônica e aguda em ratos. O nível de TNF-α e as alterações histopatológicas foram avaliados usando amostra de tecido do pé de rato no modelo agudo. Além disso, o nível de IL-1β foi avaliado no modelo crônico. A análise ANOVA de uma via (post hoc de Tukey) foi usada para comparar os grupos. A rubiadina (0,5 mg / kg, i.p.) induziu uma redução significativa no nível de TNF α e no edema da pata em comparação com o grupo de controle no teste de carragenina. Além disso, foi observado que a atividade anti-inflamatória da rubiadina (0,5 mg / kg, i.p.) é comparável ao ácido mefenâmico (30 mg/kg, i.p.) como o fármaco padrão. A rubiadina foi eficaz no granuloma induzido por pellet de algodão no que diz respeito à quantidade de granuloma e formação de transudato. Os efeitos anti-inflamatórios da rubiadina foram associados a uma redução significativa de IL-1β nesse modelo. Os resultados sugerem que a rubiadina como um composto natural pode ter impactos anti-inflamatórios periféricos significativos.

Abstract: Rubiadin is identified as a bioactive anthraquinone that exists in some quinone rich plants. The current research was carried out to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory impact of Rubiadin in acute and chronic inflammation test models in rodents. The anti-inflammatory activity of Rubiadin was examined in cotton pellet-induced granuloma and carrageenan-induced edema as chronic and acute inflammation models in rats. TNF-α level and histopathological changes were assessed using sampled foot tissue of rat in the acute model. Also, the IL-1β level was assessed in the chronic model. One-way ANOVA (post hoc Tukey’s) analysis was used for comparing the groups. Rubiadin (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) induced a significant reduction in TNF α level and the paw edema compared to the control group in carrageenan test. Also, it was observed that the anti-inflammatory activity of Rubiadin (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) is comparable to mefenamic acid (30 mg/kg, i.p.) as the standard drug. Rubiadin was effective in granuloma induced by cotton pellet concerning the granuloma and transudate formation amount. Rubiadin’s anti-inflammatory effects were associated with a significant IL-1β decrease in this model. The results suggest that Rubiadin as a natural compound can possess significant peripheral anti-inflammatory impacts.

Tanacetum balsamita locally called Shahesparam is an aromatic plant that grows widely in Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Due to the widespread use of T. balsamita as a pain killer and relief of inflammatory based disorders in Iranian folk medicine and considering the high content of essential oil in T. balsamita aerial parts, we were prompted to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of T. balsamita essential oil (TBEO) for the first time. The carrageenan-induced Paw Edema was used for inflammation evaluation in rat, and hot-plate method was used for pain assessment in mice. Different doses of TBEO were administered. Morphine and Mefenamic acid were used as the standard drugs in anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory evaluation tests, respectively. TBEO (100 mg/kg) showed significantly anti-nociceptive activity in hot-plate test. The anti-inflammatory activity of TBEO was found to be more than mefenamic acid. The studied oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The major component of the oil was characterized as carvone (39.8%) which might be responsible for the observed activities. The results suggested that TBEO possessed biologically active constituents that had significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects which support the ethno-medicinal claims of the plant application in the management of pain and inflammation.

The analgesic activity of Artemisia sieberi oil was assessed by acetic acid-induced writhing test and Eddy’s hot plate method; while the acute anti-inflammatory effect was investigated by inflammatory paw edema test in rats. The administration rout of the essential oil, standard drugs and the vehicle used in all assays was intraperitoneal injection. The 1 and 2.5 mg/kg doses of the studied oil significantly decreased the number of acetic acid-induced writhes in mice. The dose of 1 mg/kg of the oil also exhibited a central analgesic effect as evidenced by a significant increase in reaction time at several time points after 15 min treatment in the hot plate method. In addition, the 1 mg/kg dose of the oil significantly reduced carrageenan induced paw edema in rats at the first hour of the test by 72.7% inhibition and lasted to the third hour of the test by 74.3% inhibition found to be very close to that of the standard drug, diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg). The major components of the oil were characterized as camphor (31.2%) and 1,8-cineole (20.0%). The results suggest that A. sieberi essential oil has a significant effect against acute inflammation and has central and peripheral anti-nociceptive effects.

ABSTRACT The essential oil content in the fruits of Artemisia aucheri growing wild in south of Iran was found to be 2.4% (v/w). The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Characterization of individual components was performed using a commercial mass spectrometry library, and twenty nine components, representing 89.0% of the fruits essential oil were identified. This analysis showed the presence of three volatile components, including camphor (46.5%) and 1,8-cineol (23.4%) as the main compounds.

Abstract: The seeds essential oil of the endemic species Mentha mozaffarianii growing wild in the south of Iran was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Characterization of individual components was performed using a commercial mass spectrometry library, and 25 components were identified. This analysis showed the presence of 3 volatile components, including piperitenone (35.6%), piperitone (27.1%) and 1,8-cineol (10.7%) as the main components.

Resumen: Se obtuvo una muestra del aceite esencial de semillas de la planta endémica Mentha mozaffarianii en el sur de Irán y se analizó por GC y GC-MS. La caracterización de los compuestos individuales se realizó utilizando una biblioteca comercial para espectrometría de masa y se identificaron 25 compuestos. Este análisis mostró la presencia de tres compuestos volátiles, piperitenone (35.6%), piperitone (27.1%), y 1,8-cineol (10.7%) como principales componentes.

The essential oil content in the flowers of Salvia aegyptiaca growing wild in south of Iran was found to be 0.1% (v/w). The essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Ten constituents, representing 98.7 % of the flowers essential oil were identified. The major component of S. aegyptiaca flowers essential oil was identified as octane (60.7%). The fixed oil content and fatty acid composition of the seeds were also analyzed in order to determine their potential for human or animal consumption. The oil content in these edible seeds was found to be 16.2 %. The oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS and twenty six components identified which constituted 84.6 % of the oil. The main compounds of the seeds oil were characterized as n-dodecane (23.9%), tetradecane (15.6%) and n-decane (10.5%).

The essential oil content in the seeds of Salvia sharifii growing wild in south of Iran was found to be 0.2% (v/w). The essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Twenty eight constituents, representing 85.0 % of the seeds essential oil were identified. The major components of the S. sharifii seeds essential oil were identified as sclareol (21.9%) and n-decane (17.3%). The fixed oil content and fatty acid composition of the seeds were also analyzed in order to determine their potential for human or animal consumption. The oil content in these edible seeds was found to be 19.9 %. The oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS and five fatty acids identified which constituted 88.0 % of the oil. The main fatty acids of the oil were characterized as linoleic acid (39.7%) and linolenic acid (36.7%).

The essential oil contents in the fruits and the seeds of the endemic species Pycnocycla bashagardiana growing wild in south of Iran was found to be 0.2 % and 0.4% respectively based on the fresh weight. The oils were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twelve and thirty constituents were identified, which approximately constituted 90.5% and 94.0% of the fruits and the seeds oils, respectively. The phenyl propanoid myristicin was found to consist more than 65 % of both oils.